远程电工电子实验硬件系统的研究
摘要
随着信息技术的发展，远程教学已经成为一种很有意义的学习方式。远程实验是工科类专业远程教学中不可缺少的环节，也是推动远程教学进一步普及和发展的重要因素，因此，开展远程实验的研究势在必行。根据现有的技术条件，结合远程教学的实际需要，本文阐述了笔者开展远程电工电子实验硬件系统研究的主要成果。
论文的主要内容有：
(1) 提出了远程电工电子实验系统的方案，实验系统由远程电工电子实验硬件平台和远程实验软件平台所组成。通过小规模实验系统的研制，验证了远程实验的可行性。在此基础上，提出了集实验主板、信号源、数字示波器于一体的全数字化远程电工电子实验硬件平台方案。实验用户可远程、全数字化、实时地控制远程电工电子实验硬件平台完成实验操作。
(2) 研制了全数字化实验主板，本方案选择模拟电子开关组成16选1的节点选择器，构成了16节点的通用实验主板，可数字化设置实验主板上的元件节点的连接，选取数字式电阻作为实验电阻的元件库，选取不同参数值的电容和电感组成电感元件库和电容元件库，由模拟电子开关对电容和电感元件参数作数字化选择。根据实验主板的硬件结构，设计的专用电路网表转化程序，将便于用户理解的图形化的电路描述转化为便于实际硬件操作的电路网表。控制实验主板的单片机借助于电路网表所提供的信息，完成实验电路结构和参数的全数字化设置，从而实现了在同一实验主板上完成不同的电工电子实验。
(3) 对直接数字合成技术DDS(Direct Digital Synthesis)进行了分析，通过对各种方案的比较，应用DDS技术设计了任意波形发生器AWG(Arbitrary Waveform Generator)，为了能提高该信号源的参数指标和便于实验操作，本方案选择了以复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device )为控制核心组成DDS任意波形发生器系统，实现了波形参数的全数字化远程控制。
(4) 通过了远程实验系统的联合调试，完成了远程电工电子实验样机的研制，可在用户端操作10个实验。
With the development of the information technology, the remote teaching & learning has been a meaning learning way. The remote experiment is a necessary chain for the remote education in the engineering major. It's necessary to research the remote experiment. Based on the technical conditions as well as the actual need for the remote teaching & learning now，the thesis expatiates the researching production for the remote electronics experiments.
The main achievements of the thesis are as follows:
(1) The thesis brings forward the scheme of the remote electronics experiment，which is constituted by the remote electronics experiment hardware platform and the remote experiment software platform. The feasibility of the remote experiment is verified by the small scale experiment system. Based on the above work, the thesis brings forward the hardware platform scheme of the remote electronics experiment platform, which integrates the main experiment board, the signal source, the digital oscilloscope. The users can remotely, digitally and real time control specific remote electronics hardware work platform to complete the experiments operation.
(2) The digital main experiment board is designed, in this scheme, the Analog Multiplexers are taken as the nodes selectors to construct the 16 nodes structure of the experiment board. The connection of the nodes of devices can be digitally set. The DCP (Digital Control Potentiometer) is selected as the resistor library component, the capacitances and the inductances with the different parameters respective are selected as the capacitance library components and the inductance library components, the parameters of components are set with the Analog Multiplexers. According to the hardware structure of the main experiment board, the circuit netlist transformation program translates the visual circuit description to the actual netlist. Recurring to the circuit netlist, the mcu of the main board finishes the digital setting for the parameters and the structure of the experiment circuit, which realize to do all kinds of electronics experiments in the same main experiment board.
(3) The thesis introduces the DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) technology, compared with the other available schemes. The signal source which can produce the arbitrary wave (also named Arbitrary Waveform Generator) is designed based onDDS, in order to improve the performance of the AWG. The scheme takes the CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) as the control core for the AWG based on the DDS technology so as to realize to digitally produce the waveform.
(4) The whole remote experiment is debugged, and the prototype of the remote experiment system has been completed, ten remote experiments have been verified.
论文的主要内容有：
(1) 提出了远程电工电子实验系统的方案，实验系统由远程电工电子实验硬件平台和远程实验软件平台所组成。通过小规模实验系统的研制，验证了远程实验的可行性。在此基础上，提出了集实验主板、信号源、数字示波器于一体的全数字化远程电工电子实验硬件平台方案。实验用户可远程、全数字化、实时地控制远程电工电子实验硬件平台完成实验操作。
(2) 研制了全数字化实验主板，本方案选择模拟电子开关组成16选1的节点选择器，构成了16节点的通用实验主板，可数字化设置实验主板上的元件节点的连接，选取数字式电阻作为实验电阻的元件库，选取不同参数值的电容和电感组成电感元件库和电容元件库，由模拟电子开关对电容和电感元件参数作数字化选择。根据实验主板的硬件结构，设计的专用电路网表转化程序，将便于用户理解的图形化的电路描述转化为便于实际硬件操作的电路网表。控制实验主板的单片机借助于电路网表所提供的信息，完成实验电路结构和参数的全数字化设置，从而实现了在同一实验主板上完成不同的电工电子实验。
(3) 对直接数字合成技术DDS(Direct Digital Synthesis)进行了分析，通过对各种方案的比较，应用DDS技术设计了任意波形发生器AWG(Arbitrary Waveform Generator)，为了能提高该信号源的参数指标和便于实验操作，本方案选择了以复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device )为控制核心组成DDS任意波形发生器系统，实现了波形参数的全数字化远程控制。
(4) 通过了远程实验系统的联合调试，完成了远程电工电子实验样机的研制，可在用户端操作10个实验。
With the development of the information technology, the remote teaching & learning has been a meaning learning way. The remote experiment is a necessary chain for the remote education in the engineering major. It's necessary to research the remote experiment. Based on the technical conditions as well as the actual need for the remote teaching & learning now，the thesis expatiates the researching production for the remote electronics experiments.
The main achievements of the thesis are as follows:
(1) The thesis brings forward the scheme of the remote electronics experiment，which is constituted by the remote electronics experiment hardware platform and the remote experiment software platform. The feasibility of the remote experiment is verified by the small scale experiment system. Based on the above work, the thesis brings forward the hardware platform scheme of the remote electronics experiment platform, which integrates the main experiment board, the signal source, the digital oscilloscope. The users can remotely, digitally and real time control specific remote electronics hardware work platform to complete the experiments operation.
(2) The digital main experiment board is designed, in this scheme, the Analog Multiplexers are taken as the nodes selectors to construct the 16 nodes structure of the experiment board. The connection of the nodes of devices can be digitally set. The DCP (Digital Control Potentiometer) is selected as the resistor library component, the capacitances and the inductances with the different parameters respective are selected as the capacitance library components and the inductance library components, the parameters of components are set with the Analog Multiplexers. According to the hardware structure of the main experiment board, the circuit netlist transformation program translates the visual circuit description to the actual netlist. Recurring to the circuit netlist, the mcu of the main board finishes the digital setting for the parameters and the structure of the experiment circuit, which realize to do all kinds of electronics experiments in the same main experiment board.
(3) The thesis introduces the DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) technology, compared with the other available schemes. The signal source which can produce the arbitrary wave (also named Arbitrary Waveform Generator) is designed based on
(4) The whole remote experiment is debugged, and the prototype of the remote experiment system has been completed, ten remote experiments have been verified.
引文
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[2] 陈德来.现代远程教学讲座_现代远程教学的特点及分类.电子技术.1999,7. 31~32
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[4] H. Shen, B. Dalager. Conducting Laboratory Experiments over the Internet, IEEE Trans, on Education. 1999,8. 180~185
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[6] C. Ko. Ben, M. Chen. Development of a Web-Based Laboratory for Control Experiments on a Coupled Tank Apparatus. IEEE Transactions On Education.vol.44, No.1. 2001,2. 76~86
[7] S. H. Chen, R. Chen. Development of remote laboratory experimentation through Internet. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Hong Kong Symposium on Robotics and Control, Hong Kong. 1999, 7. 756~760
[8] Kikuchi, T. Kenjo, Remote laboratory for a brushless dc motor. IEEE Transactions on Education. 2001, 5. 207~209
[9] 魏智.CMOS 模拟开关的选择与典型应用.www.maxim-ic.com.cn
[10] Datasheet. The CMOS Analog Multiplexers/Demultiplexers with Logic Level Conversion_cd4051. Texas Instruments Incorporated.1999
[11] Datasheet. Terminal Voltages ±5V, 100 Taps X9C102/103/104/503, Digitally Controlled Potentiometer. Xicor Inc. 2000, 4
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[28] Sophocles J, Orfanidis. Introduction Of Singal Processing. 清华大学出版社&PRENTICE HALL. 1998,12. 1~7,63~69
[29] Caviglia, Daniele D. Design and Construction Of An Arbitrary Waveform Generator IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 1983,9. 398~403
[30] 左磊，连小珉. 双RAM直接数字合成任意波形发生器微机插卡研制. 清华大学学报. 1999,12. 91~92
[31] Nicholas H, Samueli H. Analysis of the Output Spectrum of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizes. The Presences of Phase-Accumulator Truncation. IEEE 41STAnn, Frequency Control Symposium, IEEEPress,1987.495~502
[32] Paul, Franco M. A direct-digital synthesizer with improved spectral performance. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1991,39. 1046~1048
[33] 马磊，宋俊涛. 直接数字频率合成器的相位量化噪声分析. 西南交通大学学报. 1997,12. 52~55
[34] 田良. 直接数字式频率合成器的相位截断误差的分析. 国外电子测量技术. 1996,5. 14~17, 77~78
[35] Datasheet. 16k*8bit High Speed CMOS Static Ram, W24129. Winbond, Inc. 1995,7
[36] 李涛,高德远.DDS直接数字合成研究及其CPLD实现.计算机工程. 2000,12. 72~73
[37] 宋万杰,罗丰. CPLD技术及其应用. 西安. 西安电子科技大学出版社. 1999, 9
[38] 潘松， 王国栋. 基于EDA技术的CPLD/FPGA应用前景. 电子与自动化. 1999,3. 3~6
[39]刘宝琴. ALTERA可编程逻辑器件及其应用. 北京. 清华大学出版社.1995
[40] 杨振江. A/D, D/A转换器接口技术与实用线路.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社. 1996
[41] 侯伯亨，顾新. VHDL硬件描述语言与数字电路设计. 西安. 西安电子科技大学出版社.1998,8
[42] Kevin Skahill, 朱明程,孙普译. 可编程逻辑系统的VHDL设计技术. 南京. 东南大学出版社. 1998,8
[43] 北京航空航天大学电工电子中心. 电工电子实验. 北京. 国防工业出版社. 2001,1
[44] 张咏梅,陈凌霄. 电子测量与电子电路实验. 北京. 北京邮电大学出版社. 2000, 6
[2] 陈德来.现代远程教学讲座_现代远程教学的特点及分类.电子技术.1999,7. 31~32
[3] 陈美香.基于Internet的远程虚拟仪器.电子技术.2000,12. 39~40
[4] H. Shen, B. Dalager. Conducting Laboratory Experiments over the Internet, IEEE Trans, on Education. 1999,8. 180~185
[5] Jochheim. Christof. Virtual lab for controlling real experiments via internet. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design. 1999,8. 279-284
[6] C. Ko. Ben, M. Chen. Development of a Web-Based Laboratory for Control Experiments on a Coupled Tank Apparatus. IEEE Transactions On Education.vol.44, No.1. 2001,2. 76~86
[7] S. H. Chen, R. Chen. Development of remote laboratory experimentation through Internet. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Hong Kong Symposium on Robotics and Control, Hong Kong. 1999, 7. 756~760
[8] Kikuchi, T. Kenjo, Remote laboratory for a brushless dc motor. IEEE Transactions on Education. 2001, 5. 207~209
[9] 魏智.CMOS 模拟开关的选择与典型应用.www.maxim-ic.com.cn
[10] Datasheet. The CMOS Analog Multiplexers/Demultiplexers with Logic Level Conversion_cd4051. Texas Instruments Incorporated.1999
[11] Datasheet. Terminal Voltages ±5V, 100 Taps X9C102/103/104/503, Digitally Controlled Potentiometer. Xicor Inc. 2000, 4
[12] Xicor非易失性器件手册. 武汉. 武汉力源电子技术有限公司. 1996. 47~59
[13] 王幸之,王雷. 单片机应用系统抗干扰. 北京. 北京航空航天大学出版社. 1999.5
[14] 殷光伟. 微机监控系统的抗干扰措施.微机算机信息. 1998，5. 76~77
[15] Datasheet, Low-Cost, μP Supervisory Circuits max705. Maxim Inc.1995.9
[16] 张毅刚. MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1997. 82~85
[17] 吴斌,刘宗行.用C语言实现高效嵌入式编程.传感器世界.2002,3. 20~21
[18] 徐爱钧,彭秀华.单片机高级语言C51应用程序设计. 北京. 电子工业出版社. 1998,6. 365~367
[19] 徐金梧.TURBO C实用大全.北京. 机械工业出版社. 1996,5
[20]
[21] Robert A, Witte ,何小平译.电子测量仪器原理与应用. 北京. 清华大学出版社.1998
[22] 谢自美.电子线路设计、实验、测试. 武汉. 华中理工大学出版社.1992.12
[23] 张厥盛,郑继禹等.锁相技术. 西安. 西安电子科技大学出版社.1992,12
[24] Rick Cushing. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. Analog Devices, Inc. 1999. 5~10
[25] Bar, Giora Goldberg. Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified. LLH-Publishing. 1999
[26] Datasheet. CMOS, 125 MHz Complete DDS Synthesizer. Analog Device. 1999,5
[27] Alan V, Oppenheim, Alan S.Willsky. Signals&Systems. 清华大学出版社&Prentice Hall. 1998,12
[28] Sophocles J, Orfanidis. Introduction Of Singal Processing. 清华大学出版社&PRENTICE HALL. 1998,12. 1~7,63~69
[29] Caviglia, Daniele D. Design and Construction Of An Arbitrary Waveform Generator IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 1983,9. 398~403
[30] 左磊，连小珉. 双RAM直接数字合成任意波形发生器微机插卡研制. 清华大学学报. 1999,12. 91~92
[31] Nicholas H, Samueli H. Analysis of the Output Spectrum of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizes. The Presences of Phase-Accumulator Truncation. IEEE 41STAnn, Frequency Control Symposium, IEEEPress,1987.495~502
[32] Paul, Franco M. A direct-digital synthesizer with improved spectral performance. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1991,39. 1046~1048
[33] 马磊，宋俊涛. 直接数字频率合成器的相位量化噪声分析. 西南交通大学学报. 1997,12. 52~55
[34] 田良. 直接数字式频率合成器的相位截断误差的分析. 国外电子测量技术. 1996,5. 14~17, 77~78
[35] Datasheet. 16k*8bit High Speed CMOS Static Ram, W24129. Winbond, Inc. 1995,7
[36] 李涛,高德远.DDS直接数字合成研究及其CPLD实现.计算机工程. 2000,12. 72~73
[37] 宋万杰,罗丰. CPLD技术及其应用. 西安. 西安电子科技大学出版社. 1999, 9
[38] 潘松， 王国栋. 基于EDA技术的CPLD/FPGA应用前景. 电子与自动化. 1999,3. 3~6
[39]
[40] 杨振江. A/D, D/A转换器接口技术与实用线路.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社. 1996
[41] 侯伯亨，顾新. VHDL硬件描述语言与数字电路设计. 西安. 西安电子科技大学出版社.1998,8
[42] Kevin Skahill, 朱明程,孙普译. 可编程逻辑系统的VHDL设计技术. 南京. 东南大学出版社. 1998,8
[43] 北京航空航天大学电工电子中心. 电工电子实验. 北京. 国防工业出版社. 2001,1
[44] 张咏梅,陈凌霄. 电子测量与电子电路实验. 北京. 北京邮电大学出版社. 2000, 6