复杂场景中的目标分割和跟踪研究与实现
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摘要
目标分割和跟踪技术是现代科学技术领域的一个重要研究分支,它的相关研究成果可以满足某些军事或民用的应用需求。论文阐述了目前目标分割、跟踪系统的研究现状及相关技术发展动态,提出了基于C6202高速DSP和大规模可编程器件的复杂场景中的目标分割和跟踪的软硬件实现方案。系统设计包括:硬件系统设计、硬件系统的程序设计以及目标分割与跟踪的DSP软件设计。
论文讨论的重点是硬件平台的设计,整个硬件系统的设计充分体现了现代电子系统设计的思想。在设计中强调了硬件系统的功能可扩展性和稳定性。硬件系统采用模块化设计方式,这既降低了设计的复杂度,又有利于项目的分工。对硬件系统中的几个关键模块设计,如视频接口的设计、数字图像模块的设计以及系统的总裁与控制逻辑设计进行了比较详细的讨论。硬件系统支持的功能有:视频信号的数字成像、数字图像处理、与主机进行数据交换。
论文在图像处理部分主要讨论了预处理模块和边缘检测两个模块。在预处理模块中,利用形态学滤波中的形态开消除图像中的边缘毛刺和孤立斑点,形态闭填补图像中的漏洞以及裂缝;在边缘检测模块中,利用小波变换对图像进行边缘检测。将其应用于DSP系统,从算法程序、硬件特点等方面阐述了这些算法的具体实现过程。
论文最后对硬件系统各功能模块接口的调试方法、调试过程进行了讨论。包括:视频接口的调试、输入缓冲FIFO读写操作的调试、图像帧存储器的读写操作的调试以及DSP与PCI9054的HPI接口等的调试。
论文所设计的系统应用了小波多尺度边缘检测技术,并引入了形态学滤波算法,解决了图像中的奇异点及边缘细节检测问题,系统具有一定的先进性和较强的实用性。但由于课题涉及的内容较多,诸多问题有待进一步深入研究和探讨,因此系统还存在着许多需要改进和完善的地方。
The technology of video object segmentation and tracking is an important branch being studied in modem science and technology field. The relative research project can be served for the need of national defence and civil applications. The thesis describes the state of automatic target recognition ,track system and the developing trends of the relative technology, deeply systemic research the image sementation,recognition and tracking algorithm. The solution of relative software system and hardware system based on the C6202 high-speed DSP and large-scale PLD is developed. The system design can be divided: hardware platform design、hardware system’s program design and DSP software design.
The design of hardware platform is mainly discussed in this paper. The method of modern electronic system design is taken into the design of whole hardware system, In the development of hardware system, the function expansibility and stability are emphasized greatly. The modularized structure is used in the design of hardware system .It not only reduces the complexity of design, but also benefits the group work. The function of hardware system includes conberting video signal to digital image deta and digital image processing and data exchange with the host computer.
We discuss pretreatment module and edge detection module in the domain of image processing . In pretreatment module, we use morphologic-opening to eliminate edge burrs and island spots.,and morphologic-closing to fill up heaks and splits; In edge detection module, we use wavelet transform to complet edge detection. And they are applied in the DSP system, and the detailed realization steps were expounded in the aspects of programming and hardware characteristic etc.
At last, we discuss debugging of hardware system, including debugging of video frequency interface, debugging of reading and writing FIFO, debugging of image frame memorizer,and debugging of interface between DSP and PCI9054.
The system has some advanced and practicability because of using of wavelet multi-scale edge detection and morphologic filter arithmetic. While the content too much the task involved, there are many problems have to lucubrate and discuss. So there are many problems need to be improved and consummate.
论文讨论的重点是硬件平台的设计,整个硬件系统的设计充分体现了现代电子系统设计的思想。在设计中强调了硬件系统的功能可扩展性和稳定性。硬件系统采用模块化设计方式,这既降低了设计的复杂度,又有利于项目的分工。对硬件系统中的几个关键模块设计,如视频接口的设计、数字图像模块的设计以及系统的总裁与控制逻辑设计进行了比较详细的讨论。硬件系统支持的功能有:视频信号的数字成像、数字图像处理、与主机进行数据交换。
论文在图像处理部分主要讨论了预处理模块和边缘检测两个模块。在预处理模块中,利用形态学滤波中的形态开消除图像中的边缘毛刺和孤立斑点,形态闭填补图像中的漏洞以及裂缝;在边缘检测模块中,利用小波变换对图像进行边缘检测。将其应用于DSP系统,从算法程序、硬件特点等方面阐述了这些算法的具体实现过程。
论文最后对硬件系统各功能模块接口的调试方法、调试过程进行了讨论。包括:视频接口的调试、输入缓冲FIFO读写操作的调试、图像帧存储器的读写操作的调试以及DSP与PCI9054的HPI接口等的调试。
论文所设计的系统应用了小波多尺度边缘检测技术,并引入了形态学滤波算法,解决了图像中的奇异点及边缘细节检测问题,系统具有一定的先进性和较强的实用性。但由于课题涉及的内容较多,诸多问题有待进一步深入研究和探讨,因此系统还存在着许多需要改进和完善的地方。
The technology of video object segmentation and tracking is an important branch being studied in modem science and technology field. The relative research project can be served for the need of national defence and civil applications. The thesis describes the state of automatic target recognition ,track system and the developing trends of the relative technology, deeply systemic research the image sementation,recognition and tracking algorithm. The solution of relative software system and hardware system based on the C6202 high-speed DSP and large-scale PLD is developed. The system design can be divided: hardware platform design、hardware system’s program design and DSP software design.
The design of hardware platform is mainly discussed in this paper. The method of modern electronic system design is taken into the design of whole hardware system, In the development of hardware system, the function expansibility and stability are emphasized greatly. The modularized structure is used in the design of hardware system .It not only reduces the complexity of design, but also benefits the group work. The function of hardware system includes conberting video signal to digital image deta and digital image processing and data exchange with the host computer.
We discuss pretreatment module and edge detection module in the domain of image processing . In pretreatment module, we use morphologic-opening to eliminate edge burrs and island spots.,and morphologic-closing to fill up heaks and splits; In edge detection module, we use wavelet transform to complet edge detection. And they are applied in the DSP system, and the detailed realization steps were expounded in the aspects of programming and hardware characteristic etc.
At last, we discuss debugging of hardware system, including debugging of video frequency interface, debugging of reading and writing FIFO, debugging of image frame memorizer,and debugging of interface between DSP and PCI9054.
The system has some advanced and practicability because of using of wavelet multi-scale edge detection and morphologic filter arithmetic. While the content too much the task involved, there are many problems have to lucubrate and discuss. So there are many problems need to be improved and consummate.
引文
[1] 章毓晋. 图像分割。科学出版社,2001
[2] Gonzalez R C,Woods R E. Digital Image Processing,3rd.ed. ,Addisonwesley,1992
[3] K.Deng and J.N.Wilson. An approximation-based video tracking system.SPIE image algebra and morphological image processing.Vol.II.1991;304～312
[4] 田新伦,柳健,刘华智等. 数字图像处理 长沙。国防科技大学。1998
[5] 郑南宁,刘健勤. 基于区域特征的自适应图像分割方法,北京;电子学报,Vol.23.No.7.July 1995;98～101
[6] B.Bhanu. Automatic Target Recognition.State of the Art Survey. IEEE Trans.ON AES.Vol.AES22.No.4,July 1986;364 ～ 378K.S.Fu and J.K.Mui. A Survey on image segmentation.13.1981;3～16
[7] 曾 刚 等 . 拐 点 特 征 的 提 取 和 物 体 破 损 图 像 的 识 别 。 中 国 图 像 图 形 学 报 ,Vol.3.No.3.Mar.1998;217～220
[8] 李在铭等.数字图像处理压缩与识别技术,电子科技大学出版社,2000.11
[9] 陆坤等. 电子设计技术。电子科技大学出版社。1997
[10] 夏宇闻. 系统芯片设计方法的几个问题。应用电子技术。1999
[11] 潘松. CPLD/FPGA 在电子设计中的应用前景,应用电子技术,1999.7
[12] 程宏煌等. 图像分割方法综述,电信快报,2000,10
[13] Fu K S,Mui J K. A survey on image segmentation。Pattern Recognition,1981,13:p3～16
[14] Pal N R,Boyer K L. Perceptual organization in computer vision:a review and a proposal for a classificatory structure,IEEE SMC,1993,23:P382～399
[15] 王建平,姜滔. 基于小波与神经元模式识别的图像分割方法的研究,电子学报
[16] 刘荣. DSP 技术的现状及发展,应用电子技术,1999 第 4 期
[17] 张雄伟. DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用,电子工业出版社,1997.7
[18] X.Lin,XiaoQingDing,etal. Adaptive Confidence Transform Based Classifier Combination for Chinese Character Recognition. [J]. Pattern Recognition Letters,1998,19(1 0):975～988
[19] 李贵山,戚德虎. PCI 局部总线开发者指南,西安电子科技大学出版社,1997,1
[20] TMS320C6202 Digital Sianal Processors Data Sheet,Texas Instrument,1999
[21] TMS320C6000 Techncal Brief , Texas Instrument , 1999
[22] The Programmable Logical Data Book, XILINX.2000
[23] Kenneth R, Castleman . 《Digital Image Processing》, Prentice Hall , 2000
[24] Kenneth.R.Castleman 著,朱志刚等译. 《数字图像处理》,电子工业出版社,1998 年 9 月第一版
[25] TMS320C6201,TMS320C6201B Digital Signal Processors Data Sheet, Texas Instrument,1999
[26] TMS320C6000 Preipherals Reference Guide, Texas Instrument,1999
[27] J.P.Hayes. Digital System Design and Microprocessors, New York,McGraw-Hill Book Company,1984
[28] E.A.Parr.Logic Designer’s Handbook, London,Granada Publishing Ltd,1984
[29] PCI9054 Data Sheet, PLX Technology, 1999
[30] Virtex-E 1.8V Field Programmable Gate Arrays,XILINX,2002.2
[31] 任丽香,马淑芬,李方慧. TMS320C600 系列 DSPs 的原理与应用
[32] 陈大钦. 电子技术基础实验:电子电路实验、设计、仿真。高等教育出版社,2000.6
[33] 王煦法,庄慎泉等. C 语言图像处理程序设计,中国科学技术大学出版社,1993
[34] 王金涛,刘文耀等. 数学形态算法的 DSP 实现,光电工程,2004,4
[35] 姜新华,范征宇. 快速小波变换在 DSP 中的实现方法,数据采集与处理,2000,6
[2] Gonzalez R C,Woods R E. Digital Image Processing,3rd.ed. ,Addisonwesley,1992
[3] K.Deng and J.N.Wilson. An approximation-based video tracking system.SPIE image algebra and morphological image processing.Vol.II.1991;304～312
[4] 田新伦,柳健,刘华智等. 数字图像处理 长沙。国防科技大学。1998
[5] 郑南宁,刘健勤. 基于区域特征的自适应图像分割方法,北京;电子学报,Vol.23.No.7.July 1995;98～101
[6] B.Bhanu. Automatic Target Recognition.State of the Art Survey. IEEE Trans.ON AES.Vol.AES22.No.4,July 1986;364 ～ 378K.S.Fu and J.K.Mui. A Survey on image segmentation.13.1981;3～16
[7] 曾 刚 等 . 拐 点 特 征 的 提 取 和 物 体 破 损 图 像 的 识 别 。 中 国 图 像 图 形 学 报 ,Vol.3.No.3.Mar.1998;217～220
[8] 李在铭等.数字图像处理压缩与识别技术,电子科技大学出版社,2000.11
[9] 陆坤等. 电子设计技术。电子科技大学出版社。1997
[10] 夏宇闻. 系统芯片设计方法的几个问题。应用电子技术。1999
[11] 潘松. CPLD/FPGA 在电子设计中的应用前景,应用电子技术,1999.7
[12] 程宏煌等. 图像分割方法综述,电信快报,2000,10
[13] Fu K S,Mui J K. A survey on image segmentation。Pattern Recognition,1981,13:p3～16
[14] Pal N R,Boyer K L. Perceptual organization in computer vision:a review and a proposal for a classificatory structure,IEEE SMC,1993,23:P382～399
[15] 王建平,姜滔. 基于小波与神经元模式识别的图像分割方法的研究,电子学报
[16] 刘荣. DSP 技术的现状及发展,应用电子技术,1999 第 4 期
[17] 张雄伟. DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用,电子工业出版社,1997.7
[18] X.Lin,XiaoQingDing,etal. Adaptive Confidence Transform Based Classifier Combination for Chinese Character Recognition. [J]. Pattern Recognition Letters,1998,19(1 0):975～988
[19] 李贵山,戚德虎. PCI 局部总线开发者指南,西安电子科技大学出版社,1997,1
[20] TMS320C6202 Digital Sianal Processors Data Sheet,Texas Instrument,1999
[21] TMS320C6000 Techncal Brief , Texas Instrument , 1999
[22] The Programmable Logical Data Book, XILINX.2000
[23] Kenneth R, Castleman . 《Digital Image Processing》, Prentice Hall , 2000
[24] Kenneth.R.Castleman 著,朱志刚等译. 《数字图像处理》,电子工业出版社,1998 年 9 月第一版
[25] TMS320C6201,TMS320C6201B Digital Signal Processors Data Sheet, Texas Instrument,1999
[26] TMS320C6000 Preipherals Reference Guide, Texas Instrument,1999
[27] J.P.Hayes. Digital System Design and Microprocessors, New York,McGraw-Hill Book Company,1984
[28] E.A.Parr.Logic Designer’s Handbook, London,Granada Publishing Ltd,1984
[29] PCI9054 Data Sheet, PLX Technology, 1999
[30] Virtex-E 1.8V Field Programmable Gate Arrays,XILINX,2002.2
[31] 任丽香,马淑芬,李方慧. TMS320C600 系列 DSPs 的原理与应用
[32] 陈大钦. 电子技术基础实验:电子电路实验、设计、仿真。高等教育出版社,2000.6
[33] 王煦法,庄慎泉等. C 语言图像处理程序设计,中国科学技术大学出版社,1993
[34] 王金涛,刘文耀等. 数学形态算法的 DSP 实现,光电工程,2004,4
[35] 姜新华,范征宇. 快速小波变换在 DSP 中的实现方法,数据采集与处理,2000,6