压电陶瓷执行器在车削振动控制中的应用研究
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摘要
本文结合宁波市教育局资助项目(编号Jd060440)、浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(Y107792)设计开发了一种基于压电陶瓷执行器的车削振动控制系统,旨在提高车床切削的加工精度。该系统由压电陶瓷执行器、专用刀架、主控计算机、测量电路以及高精度测振传感器组成。本文设计了基于模糊自适应的PID控制器并应用于车削振动控制系统。系统的仿真与实验结果证明该系统能够有效地减小振动幅度,具有一定理论与应用价值。全文内容简述如下:
第一章首先介绍了课题的研究背景,接着对车削振动控制的实现方法做了分析,然后着重论述了当前国内外车削振动控制的研究现状。
第二章简要介绍了压电陶瓷执行器工作机理和特点,然后对其进行了静态与动态特性的测试与分析,同时也分析了执行器测试结果对后面设计的影响。
第三章首先阐述了车削振动控制系统的总体方案,然后主要对柔性铰链和专用刀架的理论和三维设计进行了详实的研究,并对设计结果用有限元软件加以优化。
第四章对系统的硬件部分作了详细的设计分析。硬件电路的内容主要有电源设计、测量电路搭建、I/O接口设计、测量元器件的选择等。对各电路的设计步骤进行了详细的推导与论述。
第五章是车削振动控制系统的Simulink仿真。本章首先建立了控制系统各个组成部分的传递函数,然后设计了PID控制器和模糊自适应PID控制器的Simulink仿真模型,并且通过对比PID控制器和模糊自适应PID仿真结果说明了模糊自适应PID控制器的优越性。
第六章是车削振动控制系统的人机界面设计和现场实验。本章首先阐述了控制系统人机界面的总体设计界面,然后具体给出了控制算法程序图,最后在不同转速和切削厚度条件下进行车削振动控制实验,实验结果表明本文设计的车削振动控制系统能够有效地减少车刀的振动量。
最后本文对课题研究作了总结,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。
A turning vibration control system based on the Piezoelectric Actuator (PZT) is designed in this paper to improve the turning process precision. It is composed of the PZT, the Special Tool-post, the computer and vibration-test sensor. The feedback algorithm of Fuzzy Logic Controller is applied in this system. The simulated data and testing result demonstrate that the system reaches anticipative goal. The content is introduced as follow:
In chapter 1, based on the introduction of the research background, the turning vibration control system is proposed. Then the development-trend and current research situation of the turning vibrating controlling system are introduced ,and the study contents of this dissertation are proposed.
In chapter 2, the working mechanism and characteristics of Piezoelectric Actuator are briefly introduced, and static and dynamic characteristic of the PZT is tested. Then the paper also analyzes how the test results of actuator influences the following design of .the turning vibration control system
In chapter 3, the overall design of the turning vibration control system is proposed firstly, and then the design of the flexible hinge structure and its special tool-post is discussed with Pro/Engineer Wildfire 3.0. And the flexible hinge structure and its special tool-post are verified in this chapter with the finite element (FEA) software.
In chapter 4, the hardware of the system is designed, particularly including power supply, test circuit, I/O interface circuit and choice of the test circuit components. The circuit design principles and procedures are derived and discussed in detail.
In chapter 5, the simulation research of the system is developed. The transfer function of this system is established firstly. And then a PID controller and adaptive fuzzy PID controller are design. Comparing with the PID controller, the results demonstrate that the adaptive fuzzy PID has a large advantage to apply in turning vibration control system.
In chapter 6, the software of the system is designed, including the control algorithm based on adaptive fuzzy PID system, the operational interface.
In the last chapter, the study contents and conclusions of this dissertation have been summarized, and the further research works have been forecast.
第一章首先介绍了课题的研究背景,接着对车削振动控制的实现方法做了分析,然后着重论述了当前国内外车削振动控制的研究现状。
第二章简要介绍了压电陶瓷执行器工作机理和特点,然后对其进行了静态与动态特性的测试与分析,同时也分析了执行器测试结果对后面设计的影响。
第三章首先阐述了车削振动控制系统的总体方案,然后主要对柔性铰链和专用刀架的理论和三维设计进行了详实的研究,并对设计结果用有限元软件加以优化。
第四章对系统的硬件部分作了详细的设计分析。硬件电路的内容主要有电源设计、测量电路搭建、I/O接口设计、测量元器件的选择等。对各电路的设计步骤进行了详细的推导与论述。
第五章是车削振动控制系统的Simulink仿真。本章首先建立了控制系统各个组成部分的传递函数,然后设计了PID控制器和模糊自适应PID控制器的Simulink仿真模型,并且通过对比PID控制器和模糊自适应PID仿真结果说明了模糊自适应PID控制器的优越性。
第六章是车削振动控制系统的人机界面设计和现场实验。本章首先阐述了控制系统人机界面的总体设计界面,然后具体给出了控制算法程序图,最后在不同转速和切削厚度条件下进行车削振动控制实验,实验结果表明本文设计的车削振动控制系统能够有效地减少车刀的振动量。
最后本文对课题研究作了总结,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。
A turning vibration control system based on the Piezoelectric Actuator (PZT) is designed in this paper to improve the turning process precision. It is composed of the PZT, the Special Tool-post, the computer and vibration-test sensor. The feedback algorithm of Fuzzy Logic Controller is applied in this system. The simulated data and testing result demonstrate that the system reaches anticipative goal. The content is introduced as follow:
In chapter 1, based on the introduction of the research background, the turning vibration control system is proposed. Then the development-trend and current research situation of the turning vibrating controlling system are introduced ,and the study contents of this dissertation are proposed.
In chapter 2, the working mechanism and characteristics of Piezoelectric Actuator are briefly introduced, and static and dynamic characteristic of the PZT is tested. Then the paper also analyzes how the test results of actuator influences the following design of .the turning vibration control system
In chapter 3, the overall design of the turning vibration control system is proposed firstly, and then the design of the flexible hinge structure and its special tool-post is discussed with Pro/Engineer Wildfire 3.0. And the flexible hinge structure and its special tool-post are verified in this chapter with the finite element (FEA) software.
In chapter 4, the hardware of the system is designed, particularly including power supply, test circuit, I/O interface circuit and choice of the test circuit components. The circuit design principles and procedures are derived and discussed in detail.
In chapter 5, the simulation research of the system is developed. The transfer function of this system is established firstly. And then a PID controller and adaptive fuzzy PID controller are design. Comparing with the PID controller, the results demonstrate that the adaptive fuzzy PID has a large advantage to apply in turning vibration control system.
In chapter 6, the software of the system is designed, including the control algorithm based on adaptive fuzzy PID system, the operational interface.
In the last chapter, the study contents and conclusions of this dissertation have been summarized, and the further research works have been forecast.
引文
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[4]肖斌,杨铁军,刘志刚.柴油机主动隔振液压执行器线性化控制仿真研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,4(27):212-217.
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[27]孙承顺,张建武.神经网络在柴油机振动有源控制中的应用.机械工程学报,2004, 2(40).
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[29]王宏.压电驱动器控制系统的研制.成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.
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[3]杨东利.超磁致伸缩执行器及其在主动振动控制中的应用研究.浙江:浙江大学硕士学位论文.
[4]肖斌,杨铁军,刘志刚.柴油机主动隔振液压执行器线性化控制仿真研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,4(27):212-217.
[5]张俊红,于镒隆,孙少军.消减大型轴系低频振动的主动控制执行系统的理论研究.动力工程,2007(2),27(1):29-33.
[6]刘海卿,彭博,杨飞.基于形状记忆合金(SMA)阻尼器的结构被动控制.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2006(6),25(3):35-38.
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[8]王民,费仁元.基于电流变材料的切削颤振在线监控技术研究.机械工程学报,2002(12),38(12):93-97.
[9]王民,费仁元,杨建武等.电流变材料在结构振动控制中的非线性特性及理论模型.机械工程学报,2002(6),38(6):89-92.
[10]王民,费仁元.切削系统可变刚度结构及其颤振控制方法的研究.机械工程学报,2002,12(38):219-222.
[11]王茂华,于骏一,张永亮.电流变技术在机床颤振控制中应用的研究.机械工程学报,2000(11),36(11):94-97.
[12] C hih-Liang Chu, Sheng-Hao Fan A novel long-travel piezoelectric-driven linear Nan positioning stage Precision Engineering 2006(30):85–95.
[13]荣伟彬,马立,孙立宁等.二维微动工作台分析及其优化设计方法.机械工程学报,2006,5(42):26-30.
[14]刘国华,李亮玉,压电式执行器用于超精密进给机构的技术研究.压电与声光,2006(8),28(4):411-417.
[15] Gan Sze-Weia, Lim Han-Seoka, M. Rahmana.Frank Watt. A fine tool servo system for global position error compensation for a miniature ultra-precision lathe International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 47 (2007) 1302–1310.
[16] Senthil S. Vel ,Brian P. Baillargeon Analysis of Static Deformation, Vibration and Active Damping of Cylindrical Composite Shells with Piezoelectric Shear Actuators Journal of Vibration and Acoustics AUGUST 2005, Vol. 127 -395.
[17]崔玉国,董维杰,孙宝元.压电微动工作台的位移复合控制.机械工程学报,2006(3):42:156-161.
[18] V.I. Babitsky, A.V. Mitrofanov, V. Silberschmidt ultrasonically assisted turning of aviation materials: simulations and experimental study Ultrasonic. 2004(42): 81–86
[19]周晓勤,于骏一,王文才.机床颤振的自适应多步向前预报.机械工程学报,1998:10(34)5:55-59.
[20]黄震宇,陈大跃,谢国权.电流变阻尼器的频率自适应减振控制.机械工程学报,2002,4(38):92-95.
[21] E. Daniel Kirby*, Joseph C. Chen, Julie Z. Zhang Development of a fuzzy-nets-based in-process surface roughness adaptive control system in turning operations Expert Systems with Applications. 2006,30: 592–604.
[22]孔繁森,王宇,于骏一.颤振征兆早期识别的模糊信息融合法.机械工程学报,2004,2(40):108-111 .
[23]李锐,余森,陈伟民等.基于磁流变减振器的汽车悬架振动控制.机械工程学报,2005,6(41):128-132.
[24] S.K.Choudhury, M.S.Sharath On-line control of machine tool vibration during turning operation Journal of Materials Processing Technology .1995,47: 251-259.
[25]束立红,张磊,付永领.基于神经网络的主动隔振控制技术研究.机械强度, 2007, 29(2):192～195.
[26]张磊,汪玉,何琳.基于神经网络的主动隔振控制技术.仪器仪表学报,2006,6(27):811-813.
[27]孙承顺,张建武.神经网络在柴油机振动有源控制中的应用.机械工程学报,2004, 2(40).
[28]王浩林.微进给控制系统关键技术的研究及其应用.上海:东华大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[29]王宏.压电驱动器控制系统的研制.成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[30]张建雄.自感知二维工作台及其控制系统研究.大连:大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[31]李森.压电陶瓷微位移器输出特性的研究.合肥:合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[32] Ping Ge, Musa Jouaneh. Modeling hysteresis in Piezoceramic Actuators [J].Precision Engineering, 1995(17); 211-221.
[33] Yunhe Yu, Xiao Zengchu.Dynamic preisach modeling of hysteresis for the Piezoceramic Actuator System[J].Mechanism and Machine theory,2002(37);75-89.
[34] Wei Jyh-Da,Sun Chuen-Tsai.Constructing Hysteretic Memory in Neural Networks[J] IEEE Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics-Part B:Cybernetics.2000(30);601-609
[35] Vapnik VN.The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory [M].New York: Spingerverlag 1995.
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