内蒙古呼包电气化铁路谐波分析及治理
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摘要
谐波是目前电力系统中存在的最普遍的现象,是电能质量的最主要指标。近年来,随着电气化铁路建设速度的不断加快,电气化铁路机车逐渐成为了电力系统中主要的大型谐波源之一,对电气化铁路和电力电网的安全运行带来了很大的危害。
为了减轻电铁系统产生的谐波对电力系统所造成的危害,当前通常采取的办法主要是在电铁系统和电网的接入点处安装无源或有源滤波器来抑制谐波,使之满足国家所制定的谐波标准。传统的无源补偿装置是采用LC无源滤波器。这种方法的装置结构和原理简单,维护方便,运行可靠,成本较低,主要缺点是其补偿特性受电网阻抗和运行状态影响,容易和系统发生并联谐振,补偿效果也差强人意。相比之下,有源滤波器能够实现谐波和无功的动态补偿,克服了传统LC滤波器补偿效果较差的缺点,它对大小和频率都变化的谐波以及变化的无功都可进行动态实时的补偿,补偿响应快,受电网参数影响较小,不易引起系统谐振,但投资费用过高等因素是目前阻碍有源滤波器得以推广的主要障碍。
SVC是一种新型无源型无功补偿及谐波抑制装置,投资费用较低、控制相对简单,而且也能较好的实现无功的动态补偿。考虑到电铁系统是单相负荷,系统功率因数较低,而SVC又能很好的进行无功补偿提高其功率因数,所以采用SVC进行电铁的谐波抑制和无功补偿是个很好的选择。
本文首先对谐波的基本概念等进行了详细的阐述,并分析了电气化铁路谐波产生的原理,着重阐述了基于快速傅里叶变换法的谐波分析法。在Simulink平台下搭建了电铁牵引负荷的谐波源模型,并对系统接入点处的电流进行了谐波分析。分析结果表明电铁负荷注入电网的谐波含量很大,必须进行相应的抑制措施。然后本文给出了两种基于SVC的谐波抑制方案,通过对比分析选取了其中可行性较好的一种,并结合呼东牵引变的实际情况进行了验证。最后对装设SVC后的系统接入点及电网其它节点和支路的采样数据进行了谐波分析,结果表明本文采用的SVC谐波抑制方案是有效的。
At present harmonic is the most prevalent phenomenon in the power system. It is the most main power quality indicator. In recent years, with the accelerating of electrified railway construction, electric locomotive is gradually becoming one of the main sources of the harmonic in power system. It has brought great harm to the safe operation of the electrified railway and power grid.
In order to reduce the harm of harmonic caused by electrified railway to power system, the currently using method is to install passive or active filter at the junction of electrified railway systems and power grid to restraint harmonic, making sure it meets the national standard for harmonic. The traditional passive compensation device is the LC filters. Its structure and principle is simple, maintenance is also convenient, and its operation is reliable and costs low. Its main drawback is that compensation characteristic is easily influenced by system impedance and the operation state of grid. It easily occurs parallel resonant with power system, and the compensation effect is also inferior. Active filter can realize dynamic compensation of harmonic and reactive power. It overcomes the shortcomings that traditional LC filters compensation effect is poor. Active filter can realize dynamic and real-time compensation of harmonic that varies in size and frequency and changing reactive power. Active filter has a fast compensation response, and it’s not easily influenced by power system parameters and it’s not easily to cause system resonance. But active filter costs so much that it’s not widely used now.
SVC is a new type of passive reactive power compensation and harmonic control device. Its investment cost is low, control simply. And it can better realize the dynamic compensation of reactive power. Considering the electrified railway system is single-phase load, and system power factor is low. While SVC can be very good for reactive compensation and improving power factor. So using SVC for electric locomotive reactive power compensation and harmonic control is a very good choice.
Firstly this paper expatiates the basic concept of harmonic, and analyzes the principle of electrified railway harmonics. The harmonic analysis method that based on fast Fourier transform is emphatically elaborated. Electric locomotive load harmonic source model is built in the platform of Matlab/Simulink. Then do the harmonic analysis on the current at system junction. Analysis results indicate that the electrified railway infuse great harmonic to the grid, so corresponding control measures must be taken. Then the paper gives two kinds of harmonic control scheme based on SVC. Through comparing the two solutions this paper selected the one that has better feasibility. Then this paper verified the feasibility of the solution connecting with traction substation of Hudong. Finally this paper analyzed the sampling data of junction and other nodes of the system furnishing with SVC. The results show that the SVC harmonic control scheme is effective.
为了减轻电铁系统产生的谐波对电力系统所造成的危害,当前通常采取的办法主要是在电铁系统和电网的接入点处安装无源或有源滤波器来抑制谐波,使之满足国家所制定的谐波标准。传统的无源补偿装置是采用LC无源滤波器。这种方法的装置结构和原理简单,维护方便,运行可靠,成本较低,主要缺点是其补偿特性受电网阻抗和运行状态影响,容易和系统发生并联谐振,补偿效果也差强人意。相比之下,有源滤波器能够实现谐波和无功的动态补偿,克服了传统LC滤波器补偿效果较差的缺点,它对大小和频率都变化的谐波以及变化的无功都可进行动态实时的补偿,补偿响应快,受电网参数影响较小,不易引起系统谐振,但投资费用过高等因素是目前阻碍有源滤波器得以推广的主要障碍。
SVC是一种新型无源型无功补偿及谐波抑制装置,投资费用较低、控制相对简单,而且也能较好的实现无功的动态补偿。考虑到电铁系统是单相负荷,系统功率因数较低,而SVC又能很好的进行无功补偿提高其功率因数,所以采用SVC进行电铁的谐波抑制和无功补偿是个很好的选择。
本文首先对谐波的基本概念等进行了详细的阐述,并分析了电气化铁路谐波产生的原理,着重阐述了基于快速傅里叶变换法的谐波分析法。在Simulink平台下搭建了电铁牵引负荷的谐波源模型,并对系统接入点处的电流进行了谐波分析。分析结果表明电铁负荷注入电网的谐波含量很大,必须进行相应的抑制措施。然后本文给出了两种基于SVC的谐波抑制方案,通过对比分析选取了其中可行性较好的一种,并结合呼东牵引变的实际情况进行了验证。最后对装设SVC后的系统接入点及电网其它节点和支路的采样数据进行了谐波分析,结果表明本文采用的SVC谐波抑制方案是有效的。
At present harmonic is the most prevalent phenomenon in the power system. It is the most main power quality indicator. In recent years, with the accelerating of electrified railway construction, electric locomotive is gradually becoming one of the main sources of the harmonic in power system. It has brought great harm to the safe operation of the electrified railway and power grid.
In order to reduce the harm of harmonic caused by electrified railway to power system, the currently using method is to install passive or active filter at the junction of electrified railway systems and power grid to restraint harmonic, making sure it meets the national standard for harmonic. The traditional passive compensation device is the LC filters. Its structure and principle is simple, maintenance is also convenient, and its operation is reliable and costs low. Its main drawback is that compensation characteristic is easily influenced by system impedance and the operation state of grid. It easily occurs parallel resonant with power system, and the compensation effect is also inferior. Active filter can realize dynamic compensation of harmonic and reactive power. It overcomes the shortcomings that traditional LC filters compensation effect is poor. Active filter can realize dynamic and real-time compensation of harmonic that varies in size and frequency and changing reactive power. Active filter has a fast compensation response, and it’s not easily influenced by power system parameters and it’s not easily to cause system resonance. But active filter costs so much that it’s not widely used now.
SVC is a new type of passive reactive power compensation and harmonic control device. Its investment cost is low, control simply. And it can better realize the dynamic compensation of reactive power. Considering the electrified railway system is single-phase load, and system power factor is low. While SVC can be very good for reactive compensation and improving power factor. So using SVC for electric locomotive reactive power compensation and harmonic control is a very good choice.
Firstly this paper expatiates the basic concept of harmonic, and analyzes the principle of electrified railway harmonics. The harmonic analysis method that based on fast Fourier transform is emphatically elaborated. Electric locomotive load harmonic source model is built in the platform of Matlab/Simulink. Then do the harmonic analysis on the current at system junction. Analysis results indicate that the electrified railway infuse great harmonic to the grid, so corresponding control measures must be taken. Then the paper gives two kinds of harmonic control scheme based on SVC. Through comparing the two solutions this paper selected the one that has better feasibility. Then this paper verified the feasibility of the solution connecting with traction substation of Hudong. Finally this paper analyzed the sampling data of junction and other nodes of the system furnishing with SVC. The results show that the SVC harmonic control scheme is effective.
引文
[1]林磊,电气化铁路对电力系统影响的分析研究:[硕士学位论文],杭州:浙江大学,2004
[2]何常红,吴广宁,张雪原等,世界高速电气化铁道电能质量现状及治理措施,电气化铁道,2008,(1):1~5
[3]魏晓军,尹柏清,吴志敏等,电气化铁路对内蒙古电网的影响分析,内蒙古电力技术,2009,27(6):4~6
[4]胡煜,郑建勇,陈志飞,沪宁电气化铁路对电网的影响研究,江苏电机工程,2008,27(5):28~31
[5]卢志海,厉吉文,周剑,电气化铁路对电力系统的影响,继电器,2004,32(11):33~36
[6]宋文南,刘宝仁,电力系统谐波,北京:中国电力出版社,1998.42~46
[7]马振宏,电气化铁路供电系统的谐波分析与治理:[硕士学位论文],北京:华北电力大学,2008
[8] R.C.Dugan,Electrical Power systems quality,New York,MeGraw-Hill,1996.
[9]张伏生,耿中行,葛耀中,电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法,中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):63-66
[10]苏变玲,朱志平,罗维亮。基于小波变换的电力谐波测量方法综述,渭南师范学院学报,2005,20(3):39～42
[11] Willems J L.A new interpretation of the Akagi-Nabae power components for nonsinusoidal three-phase situations, IEEE Trans, Instrum Meas, 1992,41(4):523 ~527
[12]季虎夏胜平郁文贤,快速傅立叶变换算法概述,现代电力电子技术,2001,(8):11~14
[13]许伟涛,快速傅立叶变换算法研究与设计:[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[14]陈春玲,邵艳杰,曹英丽,基于FFT的电力系统谐波分析,农业科技与装备,2009,181(1):57~59
[15]易立强,邝继顺,一种基于FFT的实时谐波分析算法,电力系统及其自动化学报,2007,19(2):98~102
[16]曾明贵,电力系统中谐波分析与测量:[硕士学位论文],重庆:重庆大学,2002
[17]盛彩飞,电力机车和动车组谐波电流的仿真研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:北京交通大学,2009
[18]王晶,翁国庆,张有兵,电力系统的Matlab/Simulink仿真与应用,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008,238~243
[19]平光明,110kV电气化铁路牵引站谐波分析,科技传播,2009,(3):50~51
[20] C.5.Chang, T.T.Chan.S.L.Ho.K.K.Lee.AI, application and solution techniques for AC railway system control and simulation, IEEE PROCEEDINGS, 1993, 140(3)
[21]张晓东,SVC在电铁谐波抑制中的研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:四川大学,2003
[22]陈健君,电气化铁道对公用电网影响的防治措施,电气化铁道,1998,34(2):4~7
[23]罗安,电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备,北京:中国电力出版社,
[24]张力强,罗文杰,吕利军,电气化铁路牵引负荷的不利影响及治理方案,电网技术,2006,30(8):196~198
[25]徐祥征,电气化铁道谐波抑制研究,微计算机信息,2007,23(29):287~288
[26]郭知彼,电气化铁路电能质量的综合治理,变流技术与电力牵引,2006,(2):71~74
[27]葛加伍,电气化铁路牵引变电站综合补偿研究:[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2007
[28]朱刘柱,电气化铁路对电网电能质量的影响及防治措施:[硕士学位论文],合肥:合肥工业大学,2008
[29] Shih-Minsun, Discussion of“Using a Static Var Compensator to Balance a Distribution System”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATION, 1999, 35(5): 1174~1176.
[30]肖正虎,针对电气化铁路负荷的无功补偿方法的研究:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安理工大学,2010
[31] IEEE Substation Committee, IEEE Guide for Static Var Compensator Field Tests, IEEE Standard, 1303~1994.
[32]杨晨,TCR的电气特性及控制系统:[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2007
[33]龙云波,晶闸管控制电抗器(TCR)控制方法的研究及实现:[硕士学位论文],北京:华北电力大学,2005
[2]何常红,吴广宁,张雪原等,世界高速电气化铁道电能质量现状及治理措施,电气化铁道,2008,(1):1~5
[3]魏晓军,尹柏清,吴志敏等,电气化铁路对内蒙古电网的影响分析,内蒙古电力技术,2009,27(6):4~6
[4]胡煜,郑建勇,陈志飞,沪宁电气化铁路对电网的影响研究,江苏电机工程,2008,27(5):28~31
[5]卢志海,厉吉文,周剑,电气化铁路对电力系统的影响,继电器,2004,32(11):33~36
[6]宋文南,刘宝仁,电力系统谐波,北京:中国电力出版社,1998.42~46
[7]马振宏,电气化铁路供电系统的谐波分析与治理:[硕士学位论文],北京:华北电力大学,2008
[8] R.C.Dugan,Electrical Power systems quality,New York,MeGraw-Hill,1996.
[9]张伏生,耿中行,葛耀中,电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法,中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):63-66
[10]苏变玲,朱志平,罗维亮。基于小波变换的电力谐波测量方法综述,渭南师范学院学报,2005,20(3):39～42
[11] Willems J L.A new interpretation of the Akagi-Nabae power components for nonsinusoidal three-phase situations, IEEE Trans, Instrum Meas, 1992,41(4):523 ~527
[12]季虎夏胜平郁文贤,快速傅立叶变换算法概述,现代电力电子技术,2001,(8):11~14
[13]许伟涛,快速傅立叶变换算法研究与设计:[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[14]陈春玲,邵艳杰,曹英丽,基于FFT的电力系统谐波分析,农业科技与装备,2009,181(1):57~59
[15]易立强,邝继顺,一种基于FFT的实时谐波分析算法,电力系统及其自动化学报,2007,19(2):98~102
[16]曾明贵,电力系统中谐波分析与测量:[硕士学位论文],重庆:重庆大学,2002
[17]盛彩飞,电力机车和动车组谐波电流的仿真研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:北京交通大学,2009
[18]王晶,翁国庆,张有兵,电力系统的Matlab/Simulink仿真与应用,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008,238~243
[19]平光明,110kV电气化铁路牵引站谐波分析,科技传播,2009,(3):50~51
[20] C.5.Chang, T.T.Chan.S.L.Ho.K.K.Lee.AI, application and solution techniques for AC railway system control and simulation, IEEE PROCEEDINGS, 1993, 140(3)
[21]张晓东,SVC在电铁谐波抑制中的研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:四川大学,2003
[22]陈健君,电气化铁道对公用电网影响的防治措施,电气化铁道,1998,34(2):4~7
[23]罗安,电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备,北京:中国电力出版社,
[24]张力强,罗文杰,吕利军,电气化铁路牵引负荷的不利影响及治理方案,电网技术,2006,30(8):196~198
[25]徐祥征,电气化铁道谐波抑制研究,微计算机信息,2007,23(29):287~288
[26]郭知彼,电气化铁路电能质量的综合治理,变流技术与电力牵引,2006,(2):71~74
[27]葛加伍,电气化铁路牵引变电站综合补偿研究:[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2007
[28]朱刘柱,电气化铁路对电网电能质量的影响及防治措施:[硕士学位论文],合肥:合肥工业大学,2008
[29] Shih-Minsun, Discussion of“Using a Static Var Compensator to Balance a Distribution System”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATION, 1999, 35(5): 1174~1176.
[30]肖正虎,针对电气化铁路负荷的无功补偿方法的研究:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安理工大学,2010
[31] IEEE Substation Committee, IEEE Guide for Static Var Compensator Field Tests, IEEE Standard, 1303~1994.
[32]杨晨,TCR的电气特性及控制系统:[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2007
[33]龙云波,晶闸管控制电抗器(TCR)控制方法的研究及实现:[硕士学位论文],北京:华北电力大学,2005