锂离子电池组管理系统研究
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摘要
随着全球的能源危机越演越烈，新型二次电池锂离子电池的应用越来越广，尤其是大中型锂离子电池组的应用。但是由于锂离子电池组呈模块化，所以在实际应用中会牵涉到安全性能和电池循环寿命等新的问题，这些问题如果得不到及时解决，它将制约着锂离子电池组的应用。因此，针对这些大中型锂离子电池组的管理问题，电池管理系统孕育而生，通过该管理系统可以解决上述的问题，因此，锂离子电池管理系统已经成为了锂离子电池应用的焦点。
锂离子电池组主要研究点分为电池组的电量管理系统、锂离子电池组的均衡管理系统以及电池组的状态管理系统三大部分，本文也着重从这三个方面展开研究。通过电池组电量管理来为电池组均衡管理作出执行抉择；而均衡管理是解决电池组过充过放可能带来的安全问题以及电池组的寿命和性能等一系列问题；状态管理系统是充当系统保护和为用户提供信息互换的角色。
本文先介绍锂离子电池组的荷电状态的算法，在使用方法上与现有的算法相结合；接下来研究锂离子电池组的状态管理系统，利用状态转换机和DoD算法分别解决电池组管理系统能耗和循环寿命精确估算等问题；作为本文研究的核心之一，重点研究锂离子电池组的均衡管理方法，文中采用零电流准谐振双向无损DC-DC均衡方案，能使均衡效率提高30%以上；最后通过实验对比检验均衡系统效果和电池组管理系统的效率，均实现了预期的目标。
With the global energy crisis is becoming more and more intense, the lithium ionbattery is applied more widely, especially for the large and medium-sized the lithiumion battery application. However, as a result that lithium ion battery has a modular. Itwill involve safety performance and cycle life of the battery and other new problemsin practical application. If these problems can not be solved in time, it will become astumbling block to the lithium ion battery application。Therefore, in view of the largeand medium-sized lithium ion battery management problem, battery managementsystem which can solve the above problem was born. So, a lithium ion batterymanagement system has become the focus of application of lithium ion batteries.
Lithium ion battery research points for the three parts which is the battery powermanagement system, balancing lithium ion battery management system and thecondition of the battery pack management system, and this paper also focuses on thethree aspects of this research. It will help the battery equalization management tomake executive decisions through the battery power management; and balancedmanagement can solve the battery overcharge and over-discharge which may causesafety problems, battery life, performance and a series of other problems. Statemanagement system is a role that it protective a system and provide users withinformation exchange.
This article firstly introduced the lithium ion battery SOC algorithm, which theusing methods is combined with the present algorithm. The following study is thelithium ion battery condition management system，using the state machine and theDoD algorithm respectively solve the battery management system of energyconsumption and the cycle life of accurate estimation problem and so on. As one ofthe core of this article, it focuses on the study of balancing lithium ion batterymanagement method. This article adopts a zero current quasi resonant bidirectionalnondestructive DC-DC equalization scheme, which can make the balanced efficiencyimproved by more than 30%. Finally through the experiment to contrast the equalization system and battery management system efficiency, it both realized theexpected target.
锂离子电池组主要研究点分为电池组的电量管理系统、锂离子电池组的均衡管理系统以及电池组的状态管理系统三大部分，本文也着重从这三个方面展开研究。通过电池组电量管理来为电池组均衡管理作出执行抉择；而均衡管理是解决电池组过充过放可能带来的安全问题以及电池组的寿命和性能等一系列问题；状态管理系统是充当系统保护和为用户提供信息互换的角色。
本文先介绍锂离子电池组的荷电状态的算法，在使用方法上与现有的算法相结合；接下来研究锂离子电池组的状态管理系统，利用状态转换机和DoD算法分别解决电池组管理系统能耗和循环寿命精确估算等问题；作为本文研究的核心之一，重点研究锂离子电池组的均衡管理方法，文中采用零电流准谐振双向无损DC-DC均衡方案，能使均衡效率提高30%以上；最后通过实验对比检验均衡系统效果和电池组管理系统的效率，均实现了预期的目标。
With the global energy crisis is becoming more and more intense, the lithium ionbattery is applied more widely, especially for the large and medium-sized the lithiumion battery application. However, as a result that lithium ion battery has a modular. Itwill involve safety performance and cycle life of the battery and other new problemsin practical application. If these problems can not be solved in time, it will become astumbling block to the lithium ion battery application。Therefore, in view of the largeand medium-sized lithium ion battery management problem, battery managementsystem which can solve the above problem was born. So, a lithium ion batterymanagement system has become the focus of application of lithium ion batteries.
Lithium ion battery research points for the three parts which is the battery powermanagement system, balancing lithium ion battery management system and thecondition of the battery pack management system, and this paper also focuses on thethree aspects of this research. It will help the battery equalization management tomake executive decisions through the battery power management; and balancedmanagement can solve the battery overcharge and over-discharge which may causesafety problems, battery life, performance and a series of other problems. Statemanagement system is a role that it protective a system and provide users withinformation exchange.
This article firstly introduced the lithium ion battery SOC algorithm, which theusing methods is combined with the present algorithm. The following study is thelithium ion battery condition management system，using the state machine and theDoD algorithm respectively solve the battery management system of energyconsumption and the cycle life of accurate estimation problem and so on. As one ofthe core of this article, it focuses on the study of balancing lithium ion batterymanagement method. This article adopts a zero current quasi resonant bidirectionalnondestructive DC-DC equalization scheme, which can make the balanced efficiencyimproved by more than 30%. Finally through the experiment to contrast the equalization system and battery management system efficiency, it both realized theexpected target.
引文
[1]焦庆丰,刘涤萍.动力电池的发展历程[J].大众用电,2001,(4):21–23
[2]郑如定.锂离子电池和锂聚合物电池概述[J].通信电源技术,2002(5):18–21
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[7]朱卓娅,程剑平,魏同立.锂电池管理芯片的过流保护功能设计及实现[J].电路与系统学报,2006(1):24–28
[8]刘灵芝.锂离子电池管理系统研究[J].安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2008(2):50–52
[9] Rechargeable Batteries Applications Handbook, Technical Marketing Staff of Gates Energy ProductsInc., Butterworth–Heinemann, Boston, 1992.
[10]吴东兴,关道铮,齐国光.高精度预测SOC的混合电动车电池管理系统的研究[J].高技术通讯，2006,16(4):391–394
[11]郭炳馄,徐徽,王先友,肖立新.锂离子电池[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,200:2–3
[12]孙逢春,张承宁,郭海涛.电动汽车电池管理系统和剩余容量计研究[J].北京理工大学学报,1998,7(2):166–171
[13] C. Pascual, P.T. Krein, Switched capacitor system for automatic series battery equalization, IEEE Appl.Power Electron. Conf. Proc. (1997) 848–854
[14] M. Tang, T. Stuart, Selective buck-boost equalizer for series battery packs, IEEE Trans. AerospaceElectron. Syst. 36 (1) (2000) 201–211
[15]曾新民.运算放大器应用手册[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1990
[16] A N Karanicolas, H S Lee, K L Baerania. A 15一b l—Msample’s digitally serf-calibrated pipelineADC[J]．IEEEJ．Solid-State Circuits，1993，28(1 21：1207–1215
[17]王坚.慢脉冲快速充电加速铅蓄电池寿命测试的研究[J].电池,2007(3):125–126
[18]钟胜,朱方明.镍蓄电池组一致性筛选及快速充电机保护方法[J].电源技术,2002,26(4):311–313
[19]刘有兵.电动汽车用锂离子动力电池组充电技术研究[D],北京:北京航空航天大学,2005
[20]王绕.电动车电池一致性配组技术[J].电器工业,2002, 6: 15–17
[21]王震坡,孙逢春.电动汽车电池组连接可靠性及不一致性研究[J].车辆与动力技术,2002,88(4):11–15
[22]王林涛,陈德荣.锂离子电池均衡充电设计[J].电工技术,2007,72–73
[23]张好明,孙玉坤,庄淑瑾.基于TL431的锂离子电池均衡电路的研究.电子技术与应用,2007.144–149
[24]杨威,杨世彦,郭伟峰.基于FPGA的超级电容器组均衡充电系统监控单元的研究.电子器件.2006.9,29(3):756–757
[25]孙频懂.串联蓄电池均衡充电系统[J].南京师范大学学报,2006.3,6(1):12–16
[26] C. Pascual and P. T. Krein. Switched Capacitor System for Automatic Series Battery Equalization[C],APEC 1997, Vol. 2, 848–854
[27] G. A. Kobzev. Switched-Capacitor Systems for Battery E-qualization[C], MTT 2000, 57-59
[28]王伟,罗光毅,钱照明.一种改进的VRLA电池组无损均衡充电电路[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(6):24–26
[29]刘有兵,齐铂金.电动汽车动力电池均衡充电的研究[J].电源技术,2004, 28(10):649–651
[30]李亮,网沛文,陈亮.新型霍尔传感器在电流检测中的应用[J].仪表技术与传感器,2005,04:3–7
[2]郑如定.锂离子电池和锂聚合物电池概述[J].通信电源技术,2002(5):18–21
[3]杨妙梁.国外车用锂离子蓄电池的应用与发展动向(二)——新一代锂离子蓄电池研发成果及今后发展动向[J].汽车与配件,2008(52):46–48
[4]刘志勇.电动汽车——中国汽车工业发展的必由之路[J].装备制造技术, 2009(4):111–112
[5]雷惊雷,张占军,吴立人,等.电动车,电动车用电源及其发展战略[J].电源技术,2001(1):40–46
[6]肖德云,陈荣达,胡树华.国家863电动汽车重大专项课题中的协同学习机制——基于混合动力汽车课题的实证分析[J].研究与发展管理,2008(4):41–48
[7]朱卓娅,程剑平,魏同立.锂电池管理芯片的过流保护功能设计及实现[J].电路与系统学报,2006(1):24–28
[8]刘灵芝.锂离子电池管理系统研究[J].安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2008(2):50–52
[9] Rechargeable Batteries Applications Handbook, Technical Marketing Staff of Gates Energy ProductsInc., Butterworth–Heinemann, Boston, 1992.
[10]吴东兴,关道铮,齐国光.高精度预测SOC的混合电动车电池管理系统的研究[J].高技术通讯，2006,16(4):391–394
[11]郭炳馄,徐徽,王先友,肖立新.锂离子电池[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,200:2–3
[12]孙逢春,张承宁,郭海涛.电动汽车电池管理系统和剩余容量计研究[J].北京理工大学学报,1998,7(2):166–171
[13] C. Pascual, P.T. Krein, Switched capacitor system for automatic series battery equalization, IEEE Appl.Power Electron. Conf. Proc. (1997) 848–854
[14] M. Tang, T. Stuart, Selective buck-boost equalizer for series battery packs, IEEE Trans. AerospaceElectron. Syst. 36 (1) (2000) 201–211
[15]曾新民.运算放大器应用手册[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1990
[16] A N Karanicolas, H S Lee, K L Baerania. A 15一b l—Msample’s digitally serf-calibrated pipelineADC[J]．IEEEJ．Solid-State Circuits，1993，28(1 21：1207–1215
[17]王坚.慢脉冲快速充电加速铅蓄电池寿命测试的研究[J].电池,2007(3):125–126
[18]钟胜,朱方明.镍蓄电池组一致性筛选及快速充电机保护方法[J].电源技术,2002,26(4):311–313
[19]刘有兵.电动汽车用锂离子动力电池组充电技术研究[D],北京:北京航空航天大学,2005
[20]王绕.电动车电池一致性配组技术[J].电器工业,2002, 6: 15–17
[21]王震坡,孙逢春.电动汽车电池组连接可靠性及不一致性研究[J].车辆与动力技术,2002,88(4):11–15
[22]王林涛,陈德荣.锂离子电池均衡充电设计[J].电工技术,2007,72–73
[23]张好明,孙玉坤,庄淑瑾.基于TL431的锂离子电池均衡电路的研究.电子技术与应用,2007.144–149
[24]杨威,杨世彦,郭伟峰.基于FPGA的超级电容器组均衡充电系统监控单元的研究.电子器件.2006.9,29(3):756–757
[25]孙频懂.串联蓄电池均衡充电系统[J].南京师范大学学报,2006.3,6(1):12–16
[26] C. Pascual and P. T. Krein. Switched Capacitor System for Automatic Series Battery Equalization[C],APEC 1997, Vol. 2, 848–854
[27] G. A. Kobzev. Switched-Capacitor Systems for Battery E-qualization[C], MTT 2000, 57-59
[28]王伟,罗光毅,钱照明.一种改进的VRLA电池组无损均衡充电电路[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(6):24–26
[29]刘有兵,齐铂金.电动汽车动力电池均衡充电的研究[J].电源技术,2004, 28(10):649–651
[30]李亮,网沛文,陈亮.新型霍尔传感器在电流检测中的应用[J].仪表技术与传感器,2005,04:3–7