基于光继电器的燃料电池单片电压巡检系统设计
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摘要
随着现代社会对能源的大量消耗,传统能源越来越不能满足人类日益增长的消耗需求,因此燃料电池作为新能源以其独特的节能环保优势被越来越多国家研究。质子交换膜燃料电池是由很多节燃料电池串联而成,每片电池都影响着整个电堆的性能与安全,同时,检测燃料电池工作状态并找出其最佳工作条件延长其寿命也尤其重要。因此需要对每片燃料电池的输出电压值进行实时监测。本文以燃料电池堆单片电压检测为研究对象,进行了基于光继电器的燃料电池单片电压巡检系统设计研究。主要研究内容如下：
根据燃料电池堆单片电压巡检系统的功能需求,结合巡检系统现场特殊的应用环境,提出了一种基于光电隔离继电器的燃料电池单片巡检系统总体设计方案,利用光电耦合继电器实现不同电池片电池切换,解决了传统电压采集方式中的累计电势问题,同时设计的电位提升单元有效解决了负压采集问题。
在分析质子交换膜燃料电池单片电池极化曲线和系统性能指标的基础上,完成了主从式单片电压巡检系统硬件设计,设计了巡检系统选通单元、高精度信号调理单元、负压测量单元和USB硬件接口电路,并分别详细分析了它们的原理结构和工作特点。
完成完成了下位机检测单元和主控制单元两部分软件设计。根据巡检系统车载的实际应用,制定了严格规范的通信应用层协议,对CAN和USB应用层协议制定做了详细阐述,并给出了相应的协议格式。
给出了一种基于支持向量机电堆故障诊断检测方法。采用支持向量机的多分类器功能对燃料电池故障进行识别,依据最大间隔距离原则优化层次支持向量机模型,使每个节点的支持向量机具有最大分类间隔,优化了多级结构的SVM,实现了电堆故障的诊断识别。
整个巡检系统采用主从式检测方式,可靠性高、可扩展性强,实现了对燃料电池堆单片电压的实时高精度检测。此系统已经在武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室50KW燃料电池测试平台上投入使用,获得了良好的测试效果。
With the substantial of energy consumption in the modern society, the traditional sources of energy is less and less unable to meet the growing demand for human consumption, so the Fuel Cell as a new energy which has unique advantages of energy saving and environmental protection is researched by more and more countries.PEMFC is made of many sections which are connected in series, each piece of battery will influence the performance and security of the fuel cel stack, at the same time, detection of fuel cell stack work status and find the best working conditions to prolong its service life is particularly important. Therefore the need for each monomer fuel cell output voltage to be monitored in time. This paper takes the pieces voltage measure of fuel cell stack as research object. Develop the design of the voltage monitor system based on the optical relay of PEMFC pieces.The main research contents as follows:
According to the function needs of the system and the special applied environment, this paper has designed a structure of monitor system based on the optical relay, using the optical relay to achieve different battery switch, to solve the traditional voltage acquisition of accumulative electric potential problem.At the same time the design of potential lifting unit effectively solves the problem of the negative voltage acquisition.
On the basis of analysis of PEMFC polarization curve and the performance index of the system, this paper designs the master-slave single chip voltage monitor system hardware, including the gating unit, high precision signal conditioning unit, negative voltage measuring unit and the USB hardware interface circuit. This paper also analyses their structures and characters detailed.
This paper designs the next-bit machine detection unit software and the main control unit software. According to the inspection system for vehicle application, this paper makes a strict standardized communication application layer protocol, developes CAN and USB application layer protocol in detail, and gives the corresponding protocol format.
This paper gives a method based on support vector machine to diagnosis fault single cell. It uses SVM classifier function on fuel cell fault recognition, based on the maximum distance principle optimization of hierarchical SVM model, so that each node of the support vector machine has the maximal margin classification, optimizes the multilevel binary tree structure of SVM, realizes fault diagnosis and recognition of single cell.
The whole monitor system has master-slave mode of detection, with high reliability, scalability, has realized the fuel cell stack voltage real time high precision detection. This system has applied in New Technology State Key Laboratory of50KW fuel battery test platform in the Wuhan University of Technology, and it has got a good performance.
根据燃料电池堆单片电压巡检系统的功能需求,结合巡检系统现场特殊的应用环境,提出了一种基于光电隔离继电器的燃料电池单片巡检系统总体设计方案,利用光电耦合继电器实现不同电池片电池切换,解决了传统电压采集方式中的累计电势问题,同时设计的电位提升单元有效解决了负压采集问题。
在分析质子交换膜燃料电池单片电池极化曲线和系统性能指标的基础上,完成了主从式单片电压巡检系统硬件设计,设计了巡检系统选通单元、高精度信号调理单元、负压测量单元和USB硬件接口电路,并分别详细分析了它们的原理结构和工作特点。
完成完成了下位机检测单元和主控制单元两部分软件设计。根据巡检系统车载的实际应用,制定了严格规范的通信应用层协议,对CAN和USB应用层协议制定做了详细阐述,并给出了相应的协议格式。
给出了一种基于支持向量机电堆故障诊断检测方法。采用支持向量机的多分类器功能对燃料电池故障进行识别,依据最大间隔距离原则优化层次支持向量机模型,使每个节点的支持向量机具有最大分类间隔,优化了多级结构的SVM,实现了电堆故障的诊断识别。
整个巡检系统采用主从式检测方式,可靠性高、可扩展性强,实现了对燃料电池堆单片电压的实时高精度检测。此系统已经在武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室50KW燃料电池测试平台上投入使用,获得了良好的测试效果。
With the substantial of energy consumption in the modern society, the traditional sources of energy is less and less unable to meet the growing demand for human consumption, so the Fuel Cell as a new energy which has unique advantages of energy saving and environmental protection is researched by more and more countries.PEMFC is made of many sections which are connected in series, each piece of battery will influence the performance and security of the fuel cel stack, at the same time, detection of fuel cell stack work status and find the best working conditions to prolong its service life is particularly important. Therefore the need for each monomer fuel cell output voltage to be monitored in time. This paper takes the pieces voltage measure of fuel cell stack as research object. Develop the design of the voltage monitor system based on the optical relay of PEMFC pieces.The main research contents as follows:
According to the function needs of the system and the special applied environment, this paper has designed a structure of monitor system based on the optical relay, using the optical relay to achieve different battery switch, to solve the traditional voltage acquisition of accumulative electric potential problem.At the same time the design of potential lifting unit effectively solves the problem of the negative voltage acquisition.
On the basis of analysis of PEMFC polarization curve and the performance index of the system, this paper designs the master-slave single chip voltage monitor system hardware, including the gating unit, high precision signal conditioning unit, negative voltage measuring unit and the USB hardware interface circuit. This paper also analyses their structures and characters detailed.
This paper designs the next-bit machine detection unit software and the main control unit software. According to the inspection system for vehicle application, this paper makes a strict standardized communication application layer protocol, developes CAN and USB application layer protocol in detail, and gives the corresponding protocol format.
This paper gives a method based on support vector machine to diagnosis fault single cell. It uses SVM classifier function on fuel cell fault recognition, based on the maximum distance principle optimization of hierarchical SVM model, so that each node of the support vector machine has the maximal margin classification, optimizes the multilevel binary tree structure of SVM, realizes fault diagnosis and recognition of single cell.
The whole monitor system has master-slave mode of detection, with high reliability, scalability, has realized the fuel cell stack voltage real time high precision detection. This system has applied in New Technology State Key Laboratory of50KW fuel battery test platform in the Wuhan University of Technology, and it has got a good performance.
引文
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[4]陈因达.燃料电池的现状及发展趋势[J].中国环保产业,2002,21(2)：12-26.
[5]王新新.我国能源安全存在的问题及战略选择[J]经济纵横,,2009,3(3)：197-204.
[6]Martin A, Badd G. Recent advances in Fuel Cells for transportation applications [C]. Proc Evs 16, Beijing,1999.
[7]缪传杰等.串联动力电池组单体电池电压检测新方法[J].传感器世界,2010,4(3)：54-57.
[8]林成涛,王燕超,陈勇等.电动汽车用锂电池组不一致性试验与建模[J].电源技术,2005,(11)：750-754.
[9]范美强,廖维林；吴伯荣等MH-Ni蓄电池组一致性及分选技术.电源技术[J]2005,6(5)：46-48.
[10]邱爱兵.采样数据系统的故障诊断方法研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2010.
[11]卫东,郑东,褚磊民.燃料电池单电池电压检测系统设计.电源技术[J]2010,7(3)：54-57.
[12]余梓唐.基于粒子群算法优化支持向量机汽车故障诊断研究[J].计算机应用研究.2012.29(2)：572-574.
[13]舒芝锋.燃料电池单片内阻在线测试与PEM含水量软测量研究[D].武汉理工大学,2008.
[14]Webb D, Hoist S M. Measuring individual cell voltages in fuel cell stacks [J]. J Power Sources,2003,103(1):54-60.
[15]卢琛钰.燃料电池技术国际标准化进展综述[J].电器工业.2007.2：67-68.
[16]Advanced Measurements Inc. Fuel Cells[EB/OL]. http://www.advmeas.com/fuelcells-hardware.htm.
[17]尹安东,赵韩,张炳力.燃料电池汽车开发及产业化的关键技术研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(7)：801-804.
[18]National Instruments Corporation. Fuel Cell Test.[EB/OL] [2007-04-181. http://www.ni.com/ automotive/fuel cell. htm.
[19]武汉力兴电源公司.燃料电池测试技术最新动态[J].电源技术,2004.8,vol.28.N0.8：465.
[20]Hissel D,MC, Kauffmann J M.Diagnosis of automotive fuel cell Power generators [J]. Journal of Power Sources,2004,128(2):239-246.
[21]Najiss A, Depernet D, Candusso D, et al.Online Diagnosis of PEM Fuel Cell[C]. Proceedings of 13thlntemational Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Poznan, Poland, 2008:734-735.
[22]Fouquet N,Doulet C,Nouillant C,et al.Model based PEM fuel cell state-of-health monitoring via ac impedance measurements[J].Journal of Power Sources,2006,159(2):905-913.
[23]Gebregergis A,Pillay P,Rengaswamy R.PEMFC Fault Diagnosis,Modeling,and Mitigation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2010,46(1):295-303.
[24]郭家兴,朱新坚,曹广益.质子交换膜燃料电池故障诊断[J].电源技术,2008,32(8)：528-531.
[25]裴普成,晃鹏翔,袁星.车用燃料电池在线故障诊断及处理方法[J].高技术通讯,2009,19(12)：1294-1298.
[26]衣宝廉.燃料电池：高效、环境友好的发电方式[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000.57-59.
[27]陆天虹,孙公权.我国燃料电池发展概况[J].电源技术,1998.22(4)：182-184.
[28]齐基.PEM燃料电池堆单片一致性研究[D].武汉理工大学,2011.
[29]李巨峰.基于PCB技术的微型PEMFC的研究[J].电池,2008,3(6)：78-79.
[30]林立南.一种新型电池组单体电池电压检测方法[J].传感器世界,2010,10：18-21.
[31]缪传杰,高琛,陈建清,等.串联动力电池组单体电池电压检测新方法[J].传感器世界,2010,16(4)：29-31.
[32]李树靖,林凌,李刚.串联电池组电池电压测量方法的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(4)：212-215.
[33]方佩敏.光电MOS继电器[J].电子制作.1994.411-413.
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