变电站绝缘子污秽在线监测系统的设计与应用研究
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摘要
本文主要研究了变电污秽在线监测系统的设计和应用问题。
引入了变电污秽及其相关概念，对国内外现有的变电污秽防治方法和变电污秽在线监测方法进行了简要的介绍，并指出了各自存在的不足。
分析了泄漏电流的产生机理和特点以及利用泄漏电流进行监测和报警的可能性，并在此基础上研制了一种精度高、频带宽的泄漏电流传感器。按照现场要求，设计了功能更加完善、界面友好的污秽在线监测系统。认真研究了污秽泄漏电流与环境温度、湿度和污秽程度之间的关系，指出了以往采用恒值报警模型存在的问题，提出采用基于模糊推理的非线性报警模型的方法，以解决系统报警不可靠的问题。在完成系统硬件设计和系统功能规划的之后，利用VB、VC等计算机语言完成了相应软件的编制。结合变电站的实际环境，提出了一套切实可行的设备安装调试方法，并在工程中实际应用。
理论分析和实际运行的结果表明本文的变电污秽在线监测系统能够适应泄露电流大范围的变化，及时并准确地预报绝缘子污秽程度，为解决了变电污秽在线监测系统的可靠报警问题提供了新途径；同时，也为进一步对绝缘子污秽问题进行深入打下良好基础。
The design and application of insulator contamination on-line detecting system are discussed in this paper.
Some basic concepts of insulator contamination are introduced firstly. Existing methods of avoiding contamination flashover and methods of detecting contamination degree of insulators are discussed in details and disadvantages of them are pointed out.
The arising mechanism and character of leakage current are analyzed. Based on these analyses, a high precise and wide bandwidth sensor is developed. The insulator contamination on-line detecting system for substation with powerful function and friendly interface is designed in cording to the requirements of local. The relationships between leakage current, environment humidity, environment temperature and level of pollution are studied, then, the problem of fixed value alarming model is analyzed. It proposed a nonlinear alarming model based on fuzzy reasoning method to increase the reliability of prediction. All the software has been realized by Visual Basic and VC programming language. The implemental installation and debugging method are presented by consideration the sub-station environment, and used into practical applications.
The results of theoretical analyzing and practical running proved that the contamination on-line detecting system for substation developed in this paper can be applied to the large-scale variation of leakage current, the fuzzy reasoning
alarming method can predict the pollution level of insulator more accurately. A new method is given to solve the problem of alarming reliability of contamination on-line detecting system. Furthermore, the base to improve the solutions to the insulator contamination detecting is firmly laid.
引入了变电污秽及其相关概念，对国内外现有的变电污秽防治方法和变电污秽在线监测方法进行了简要的介绍，并指出了各自存在的不足。
分析了泄漏电流的产生机理和特点以及利用泄漏电流进行监测和报警的可能性，并在此基础上研制了一种精度高、频带宽的泄漏电流传感器。按照现场要求，设计了功能更加完善、界面友好的污秽在线监测系统。认真研究了污秽泄漏电流与环境温度、湿度和污秽程度之间的关系，指出了以往采用恒值报警模型存在的问题，提出采用基于模糊推理的非线性报警模型的方法，以解决系统报警不可靠的问题。在完成系统硬件设计和系统功能规划的之后，利用VB、VC等计算机语言完成了相应软件的编制。结合变电站的实际环境，提出了一套切实可行的设备安装调试方法，并在工程中实际应用。
理论分析和实际运行的结果表明本文的变电污秽在线监测系统能够适应泄露电流大范围的变化，及时并准确地预报绝缘子污秽程度，为解决了变电污秽在线监测系统的可靠报警问题提供了新途径；同时，也为进一步对绝缘子污秽问题进行深入打下良好基础。
The design and application of insulator contamination on-line detecting system are discussed in this paper.
Some basic concepts of insulator contamination are introduced firstly. Existing methods of avoiding contamination flashover and methods of detecting contamination degree of insulators are discussed in details and disadvantages of them are pointed out.
The arising mechanism and character of leakage current are analyzed. Based on these analyses, a high precise and wide bandwidth sensor is developed. The insulator contamination on-line detecting system for substation with powerful function and friendly interface is designed in cording to the requirements of local. The relationships between leakage current, environment humidity, environment temperature and level of pollution are studied, then, the problem of fixed value alarming model is analyzed. It proposed a nonlinear alarming model based on fuzzy reasoning method to increase the reliability of prediction. All the software has been realized by Visual Basic and VC programming language. The implemental installation and debugging method are presented by consideration the sub-station environment, and used into practical applications.
The results of theoretical analyzing and practical running proved that the contamination on-line detecting system for substation developed in this paper can be applied to the large-scale variation of leakage current, the fuzzy reasoning
alarming method can predict the pollution level of insulator more accurately. A new method is given to solve the problem of alarming reliability of contamination on-line detecting system. Furthermore, the base to improve the solutions to the insulator contamination detecting is firmly laid.
引文
[1] 顾乐观，孙才新．电力系统的污秽绝缘．重庆大学出版社，重庆，1988
[2] Leite D Metal. Registration instruments for measurements of leakage currents on polluted insulators, 1989, 6th ISH New Orleans, 12.07
[3] 赵子玉，彭宗仁，谢恒，悬式绝缘子污层电导率与泄漏电流的现场测试技术研究，电工技术学报，1997(2)：43-46
[4] 肖登明，潘龙，李晓尔，练笔战，变电站污秽泄露电流在线监测，高压电技术，1998(1)：28-29
[5] 周文俊，李君，尹志德，输电线路绝缘状况在线遥测新方法，中国电力，1998(6)：15-17
[6] Lang P Getal, "Online leakage current monitoring of line insulation", 1993, 8th ISH. Yokohama, 48.09
[7] J.L.Tierro-Chavez, I.Ramirez-Vazquez,G.Montonya-Tena, "On-line Leakage Current Monitoring of 400kV Insulator Strings in Polluted Areas", IEEE Proc-Gener.Transm.Distrib,Vol. 143,No.6,November, 1996
[8] 孔志战，渭南电网污闪跳闸原因探析，两北电力技术，2001
[9] 郝兰荣，1999年3月北京地区冰闪和雾闪事故分析，华北电力技术，1999
[10] 王国春，陈原，张开贤，1999年3月京津唐电网部分线路闪络原因分析及反措，华北电力技术，1999
[11] 刘琰，王俊锴，陕两电网“12·18”大面积污闪事故的分析及其防治对策，电网技术，2002
[12] 胡毅，“2．22电网大面积污闪”原因分析及防污闪对策探讨，电瓷避雷器，2001
[13] 李忠满，徐兴伟，林伟，东北电网“2 22”雾闪事故分析，东北电力技术，2001
[14] 电力设备预防性试验规程DL/T596-1996中华人员和国电力工业部，1996．9．25
[15] 陈尚勤，数据仓库的创意、内涵与建立，四川通信技术，1999/2(1)：8—12
[16] 徐喜佑．华东电网500 kV输电线路污闪的原因及对策．中国电力，30(11)，1997：8-11
[17] 郑庄川．“90．2”北京地区大面积污闪的大气环境与气象因素影响探讨．华北电力技术，1997(2)：31-35
[18] 宿志一，张开贤．我国电网污闪事故的时空分布．中国电力，30，1997(5)：3-5
[19] 扬引虎．大面积污闪事故原因分析与防范对策．中国电力，31，1998(4)：74-75
[20] 王运禄．四川盆地西北部“92·1·22”电网特大污闪的成因及指标．灾害学，
14(1)，1999：48-51
[21]黎辉，魏庆海，张玉良．辽宁中部电网“222”污闪事故处理与分析．东北电力技术，2001(10)：22-27
[22]郑庄川．输变电设备污闪发生的季节和时段．华北电力技术，2002(3)：40-41
[23]王庆洪，王伟，王开君．鞍钢一起雾闪停电事故及预防措施．工业安全与环保，28(8)，2002：39-41
[24]任海鹏，刘丁，李琦，郑岗，变电站绝缘子污秽闪络在线监测技术，电工技术学报，2002．17(3)：77-81
[2] Leite D Metal. Registration instruments for measurements of leakage currents on polluted insulators, 1989, 6th ISH New Orleans, 12.07
[3] 赵子玉，彭宗仁，谢恒，悬式绝缘子污层电导率与泄漏电流的现场测试技术研究，电工技术学报，1997(2)：43-46
[4] 肖登明，潘龙，李晓尔，练笔战，变电站污秽泄露电流在线监测，高压电技术，1998(1)：28-29
[5] 周文俊，李君，尹志德，输电线路绝缘状况在线遥测新方法，中国电力，1998(6)：15-17
[6] Lang P Getal, "Online leakage current monitoring of line insulation", 1993, 8th ISH. Yokohama, 48.09
[7] J.L.Tierro-Chavez, I.Ramirez-Vazquez,G.Montonya-Tena, "On-line Leakage Current Monitoring of 400kV Insulator Strings in Polluted Areas", IEEE Proc-Gener.Transm.Distrib,Vol. 143,No.6,November, 1996
[8] 孔志战，渭南电网污闪跳闸原因探析，两北电力技术，2001
[9] 郝兰荣，1999年3月北京地区冰闪和雾闪事故分析，华北电力技术，1999
[10] 王国春，陈原，张开贤，1999年3月京津唐电网部分线路闪络原因分析及反措，华北电力技术，1999
[11] 刘琰，王俊锴，陕两电网“12·18”大面积污闪事故的分析及其防治对策，电网技术，2002
[12] 胡毅，“2．22电网大面积污闪”原因分析及防污闪对策探讨，电瓷避雷器，2001
[13] 李忠满，徐兴伟，林伟，东北电网“2 22”雾闪事故分析，东北电力技术，2001
[14] 电力设备预防性试验规程DL/T596-1996中华人员和国电力工业部，1996．9．25
[15] 陈尚勤，数据仓库的创意、内涵与建立，四川通信技术，1999/2(1)：8—12
[16] 徐喜佑．华东电网500 kV输电线路污闪的原因及对策．中国电力，30(11)，1997：8-11
[17] 郑庄川．“90．2”北京地区大面积污闪的大气环境与气象因素影响探讨．华北电力技术，1997(2)：31-35
[18] 宿志一，张开贤．我国电网污闪事故的时空分布．中国电力，30，1997(5)：3-5
[19] 扬引虎．大面积污闪事故原因分析与防范对策．中国电力，31，1998(4)：74-75
[20] 王运禄．四川盆地西北部“92·1·22”电网特大污闪的成因及指标．灾害学，
14(1)，1999：48-51
[21]黎辉，魏庆海，张玉良．辽宁中部电网“222”污闪事故处理与分析．东北电力技术，2001(10)：22-27
[22]郑庄川．输变电设备污闪发生的季节和时段．华北电力技术，2002(3)：40-41
[23]王庆洪，王伟，王开君．鞍钢一起雾闪停电事故及预防措施．工业安全与环保，28(8)，2002：39-41
[24]任海鹏，刘丁，李琦，郑岗，变电站绝缘子污秽闪络在线监测技术，电工技术学报，2002．17(3)：77-81