利用PLC技术组建宽带接入网的研究和实现
摘要
近几年随着因特网的飞速发展，宽带接入已经成为整个通信业发展的主旋律和主要推动力。各种相关的数据服务越来越多的被大众所接受，在这种情况下，人们对“最后一公里”的高速宽带接入日益增长的需求成为了宽带运营商们发展新技术的动力，其中PLC技术由于具备各种优势而被提上了研究日程。
电力线上网(PLC)即是利用居民每户所用的传输电流的普通电线作为通信载体，实现“上网冲浪”。由于电力线广泛存在，且电力线上网接入点只是普通的电源插座，所以电力线接入具有极大的便捷性和吸引力。本文主要论述内容就是通过PLC技术最终达到并实现宽带接入的目标。
本文通过对PLC相关技术的详细调研总结出了PLC的技术原理及该技术被应用后可能实现的各种优点，同时对可能产生的经济情况也作了分析和预测，论证了PLC技术在市场方面的可行性。对于如何实现信号处理的技术作了深入研究和比较，并确定了正交多载波调制技术(OFDM)作为PLC的最佳信号处理技术。最后重点通过对PLC技术的组网原理和PLC的技术协议的研究，明确了组网方式和选用设备的标准，并将其应用到作者所在单位的相关项目中，根据实际的小区调研情况提出了三种针对性的PLC组网方案：(1)、集中式电表多层住宅楼设计方案。(2)、分散式电表多层住宅楼设计方案(老式住宅)。(3)、高层住宅楼设计方案。
最终，本文通过对三种方案的实施和验收，和对测试结论的分析和探讨，从实践方面验证了PLC组网的可行性及优越性。
With the development at full speed of internet in recent years, the broadband access has already become the theme and the main motive force to the whole communication industry. In the case that more and more various relevant datum services are accepted by the masses, the increasing demand of the broad access becomes the power to develop new technology for the broadband operators, thus, various high-speed access technologies are being developed out constantly. Among them the power line communication (PLC) technology is being studied for its advantages.
The PLC is to use the ordinary electric wires in the residence as the communication carriers to realize " the internet surfing". The power lines spread widely, and the PLC access point is only the ordinary power source plug, therefore, the PLC has great convenience and attractiveness. This article investigates the achievement of the broadband access through the PLC technology.
The paper summarizes the technical principles and advantages of the PLC, and makes the analysis and predictions on its influence on the economics and its feasibility in the market. The author compares the signal processing technologies, and determines that the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the best signal processing technology for the PLC. Finally, through the PLC technology network principle and the PLC technical agreement research, the author makes clear the standard of the way to set up networks and selection of the equipments, and applies it to the related project in the author's unit. This thesis proposes three kinds of PLC network programs according to the actual investigation in the two residential quarters: (1) the design of the central electric instrument multilayer housing building (2) the design of the decentralized electric instrument multilayer housing building (the old residential). (3) the design of high-rise housing building.
Finally, through the implementation and acceptance of the three programs, and the analysis and discussion of the test results, the paper confirms the PLC network feasibility and the superiority from the practice aspect.
电力线上网(PLC)即是利用居民每户所用的传输电流的普通电线作为通信载体，实现“上网冲浪”。由于电力线广泛存在，且电力线上网接入点只是普通的电源插座，所以电力线接入具有极大的便捷性和吸引力。本文主要论述内容就是通过PLC技术最终达到并实现宽带接入的目标。
本文通过对PLC相关技术的详细调研总结出了PLC的技术原理及该技术被应用后可能实现的各种优点，同时对可能产生的经济情况也作了分析和预测，论证了PLC技术在市场方面的可行性。对于如何实现信号处理的技术作了深入研究和比较，并确定了正交多载波调制技术(OFDM)作为PLC的最佳信号处理技术。最后重点通过对PLC技术的组网原理和PLC的技术协议的研究，明确了组网方式和选用设备的标准，并将其应用到作者所在单位的相关项目中，根据实际的小区调研情况提出了三种针对性的PLC组网方案：(1)、集中式电表多层住宅楼设计方案。(2)、分散式电表多层住宅楼设计方案(老式住宅)。(3)、高层住宅楼设计方案。
最终，本文通过对三种方案的实施和验收，和对测试结论的分析和探讨，从实践方面验证了PLC组网的可行性及优越性。
With the development at full speed of internet in recent years, the broadband access has already become the theme and the main motive force to the whole communication industry. In the case that more and more various relevant datum services are accepted by the masses, the increasing demand of the broad access becomes the power to develop new technology for the broadband operators, thus, various high-speed access technologies are being developed out constantly. Among them the power line communication (PLC) technology is being studied for its advantages.
The PLC is to use the ordinary electric wires in the residence as the communication carriers to realize " the internet surfing". The power lines spread widely, and the PLC access point is only the ordinary power source plug, therefore, the PLC has great convenience and attractiveness. This article investigates the achievement of the broadband access through the PLC technology.
The paper summarizes the technical principles and advantages of the PLC, and makes the analysis and predictions on its influence on the economics and its feasibility in the market. The author compares the signal processing technologies, and determines that the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the best signal processing technology for the PLC. Finally, through the PLC technology network principle and the PLC technical agreement research, the author makes clear the standard of the way to set up networks and selection of the equipments, and applies it to the related project in the author's unit. This thesis proposes three kinds of PLC network programs according to the actual investigation in the two residential quarters: (1) the design of the central electric instrument multilayer housing building (2) the design of the decentralized electric instrument multilayer housing building (the old residential). (3) the design of high-rise housing building.
Finally, through the implementation and acceptance of the three programs, and the analysis and discussion of the test results, the paper confirms the PLC network feasibility and the superiority from the practice aspect.
引文
[1]：姜霞，程时杰．低压配电网载波通信噪声特性研究[J]．中国电机工程学报，2000，20(11)：30—35．
[2] 赵强．电力线高速通信技术初探．电力系统通信．2003，1：25-27
[3] 赵丙镇，王丽平．高速PLC技术应用前景十分看好．中国电力报．2001，10：25
[4] 赵丙镇．电力线高速通信的技术及现状．中国电力报．2004，1：5-26
[5] 查光明．扩频通信[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[6] 李宏乔．宽带网络技术原理．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[7] 戚银城，尚秋锋，孔英会，张素香．电力线载波技术的现状及发展．华北电力大学学报，2001，1：3-5
[8] 张文强，周志杰．电力线通信技术的发展：(硕士论文)．南京南京市通信工程学院 210016．
[9] 栗宁，郑福生，杨洪．电力线通信．中国电力出版社 2002．
[10] 罗心京．局域网组建、应用、维护实用教程．中国宇航出版社 2004．03．
[11] 国电通信中心．电力通信发展历程国电通信中心网站．http://www.sptc.com.cn/dltx/txgs.htm.
[12] 电力部电力线载波机质量检验测试中心．检验公告电力自动化质检信息网．http://chinaitc126.com．
[13] 潘莹玉．我国电力线载波通信的现状与发展．电力系统自动化时代．http://www.autoage.net/
[14] 低压电力线载波信道特性分析．电力系统自动化时代．http://www.autoage.net/goto/develop/plc/plc26htm．
[15] 刘翔，任冀溢．330kV输电线路高频参数测试分析．中国电机工程学会电力通信专业委员会1991
[16] 电力线上网生变，可能严重影响短波无线电广播．天极ChinaBytehttp://wwwchinabytecom/20020801/1623073.shtml
[17] Barnes J. Aphysical multi—path model for power distributionnetwork propagation[C]. In Proc. 1998Int. Symp. PowerlineCommunications and its Applications, Tokyo, Japan, Mar. 1998: 76—89.
[18] PALAS. State of the Art and Initial Analysis of PLCServices [M]. Netherlands: ECNEnergy Efficiency, Jun. 2000.
[19] Zimmermann M, Dostert K. Analysis and modeling ofimpul—sive noisein broad—band powerline communications [J]. IEEETransactions Electromagnetic Compatibility, Feb. 2002, 44: 249—258.
[20] Zimmermann M, Dostert K. Amultipath modelforthe power—-line channel [J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, April 2002, 50: 552—559.
[21] Peled, Ruiz A. Frequency domain datatransmission using re—duced computational complexity models [C]. In Proc. IC—ASSP, 1980: 964—967.
[22] Weinstein SB, Ebert P M. Data transmission by frequency division multiplexing using the discretefouriertransform [J] . IEEETransactions on Communications, Oct. 1971, 19 (5) : 628-634.
[23] Morgan Chan H L, Robert Donaldson W. Attenuation of communication signals on residential and commercial intrabuilding powerdistribution circuits [J] IEEE Transactions on Electronmagnetic Compatibility, 1986,28(4)220-230
[24] Dalby A. Signaltransmission on powerlines—Analysis of pow—erlinecircuits [C] . in Proc. 1997 Int. Symp. Powerline Com—munications and its Applications, Essen, Germany, Apr. 1998: 37—44.
[2] 赵强．电力线高速通信技术初探．电力系统通信．2003，1：25-27
[3] 赵丙镇，王丽平．高速PLC技术应用前景十分看好．中国电力报．2001，10：25
[4] 赵丙镇．电力线高速通信的技术及现状．中国电力报．2004，1：5-26
[5] 查光明．扩频通信[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[6] 李宏乔．宽带网络技术原理．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[7] 戚银城，尚秋锋，孔英会，张素香．电力线载波技术的现状及发展．华北电力大学学报，2001，1：3-5
[8] 张文强，周志杰．电力线通信技术的发展：(硕士论文)．南京南京市通信工程学院 210016．
[9] 栗宁，郑福生，杨洪．电力线通信．中国电力出版社 2002．
[10] 罗心京．局域网组建、应用、维护实用教程．中国宇航出版社 2004．03．
[11] 国电通信中心．电力通信发展历程国电通信中心网站．http://www.sptc.com.cn/dltx/txgs.htm.
[12] 电力部电力线载波机质量检验测试中心．检验公告电力自动化质检信息网．http://chinaitc126.com．
[13] 潘莹玉．我国电力线载波通信的现状与发展．电力系统自动化时代．http://www.autoage.net/
[14] 低压电力线载波信道特性分析．电力系统自动化时代．http://www.autoage.net/goto/develop/plc/plc26htm．
[15] 刘翔，任冀溢．330kV输电线路高频参数测试分析．中国电机工程学会电力通信专业委员会1991
[16] 电力线上网生变，可能严重影响短波无线电广播．天极ChinaBytehttp://wwwchinabytecom/20020801/1623073.shtml
[17] Barnes J. Aphysical multi—path model for power distributionnetwork propagation[C]. In Proc. 1998Int. Symp. PowerlineCommunications and its Applications, Tokyo, Japan, Mar. 1998: 76—89.
[18] PALAS. State of the Art and Initial Analysis of PLCServices [M]. Netherlands: ECNEnergy Efficiency, Jun. 2000.
[19] Zimmermann M, Dostert K. Analysis and modeling ofimpul—sive noisein broad—band powerline communications [J]. IEEETransactions Electromagnetic Compatibility, Feb. 2002, 44: 249—258.
[20] Zimmermann M, Dostert K. Amultipath modelforthe power—-line channel [J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, April 2002, 50: 552—559.
[21] Peled, Ruiz A. Frequency domain datatransmission using re—duced computational complexity models [C]. In Proc. IC—ASSP, 1980: 964—967.
[22] Weinstein SB, Ebert P M. Data transmission by frequency division multiplexing using the discretefouriertransform [J] . IEEETransactions on Communications, Oct. 1971, 19 (5) : 628-634.
[23] Morgan Chan H L, Robert Donaldson W. Attenuation of communication signals on residential and commercial intrabuilding powerdistribution circuits [J] IEEE Transactions on Electronmagnetic Compatibility, 1986,28(4)220-230
[24] Dalby A. Signaltransmission on powerlines—Analysis of pow—erlinecircuits [C] . in Proc. 1997 Int. Symp. Powerline Com—munications and its Applications, Essen, Germany, Apr. 1998: 37—44.