嵌入式智能锅炉控制器的设计与开发
|
摘要
近年来,我国能源的供应和消费情况的议论和研究达到了空前的程度。节能降耗,是提高经济增长的质量和效益的一条十分重要的途径。目前,我国能源利用率只有约32%,比国外先进水平低10多个百分点。面对如此大的能源消耗,对传统的燃气供暖系统进行改造到了刻不容缓的地步,针对这种现状,我们提出了一套完整的解决方案:锅炉智能控制系统。
该系统中,对每个锅炉房安装智能控制终端,自动实时完成相关锅炉的操作。该控制器是以32位嵌入式处理器技术为核心(ARM7),能够单独动态调整系统运行状态完成系统的供热控制,可根据外部环境温度和负荷的变化动态给出系统的最优化控制运行方式,达到热量的供需平衡,从而最大限度的提高系统的运行效率,有效的降低系统能源的消耗。可实现与系统运行监控中心的通讯。
经过反复研究与论证,锅炉智能控制器的主控单元采用ARM7的LPC2294硬件平台,板上外围设备以I2C接口为主,板间通讯使用RS485接口标准,总体结构采用分布式总线结构对现场设备采用主从-轮询的访问方式。锅炉智能控制器根据用户的设定参数和室外温度、采暖用户的室内温度等数据计算出当前的锅炉工作状态,包括确定所需要的供煤量和空气量,进而计算出链条炉排的前进速度和煤层厚度、鼓风量以及引风量等工作参数。之后,燃烧控制器通过变频器控制链条炉排电机的转速、鼓风电机的转速和引风电机的转速从而使锅炉工作在指定的状态下。另外,控制器还负责将这些参数通过现场总线传送到锅炉房主控中心的计算机上,让管理员清楚了解到各个锅炉的运行情况。
该系统不仅提高了燃烧性能,锅炉热效率得以提高,费用得以降低;还降低了运行成本:提高了最佳热效率和燃烧效率,加上清理作业间隔延长,减少了锅炉的运行成本。综合热效率可以提高15%到25%。另外,在持续运行和负荷变化期间,NOx、CO和固体颗粒物排放量都保持在较低水平。
Recent years, the analysises and discussions about the provision and comption of energy in our contry has reached a unprecedented level. To economize on energy and reduce wastage is one of the most important ways to promote the development of the economy and to get more profit. At the present day, the rate of energy utilization is only 32% which is 10% lower that of developed contries. Facing so large amout of energ consumption, the demand of reforming traditioned gas-heading system brooks no delay. So in accordances with this situation, we pose a set of comprehensive plan to solve this problem: Intelligent controable system of boiler.
In such kond of system, to set intelligent controllable terminals in every boiler room will achieve the goal of finishing related operation of the boiler automatically and in real-time. Such kind of controller regard 32it embedded microcontroller unit technology as the centrol part which would modify the operational condition independently and dynamically so as to finish the task of controlling of heat supply. As a result, it can icrease the efficiency of the system operation and redues the energy consumption effectively. Finally, it can reduce the interaction with the observing center of systematical operation.
Has been again and again studied and argument, boiler intelligence the lord of the controller controls the LPC2294 hardware terrace of the unit adoption ARM7, on the plank peripherals with I2Cconnect for lord, plank the communication use the RS485 connect standard, total total line structure of the structure adoption distribute type to the spot equipments adoption master and servant-round the interview method for inquire.The boiler intelligence controller is according to the customer's enactment parameter and outdoors temperature, adopt the warm customer's indoor temperature etc. Then compute a chain stove row of headway speed and coal seam thickness, drum breeze quantity and lead amount of breeze etc. work parameter.Burn controller to pass to change the Pin machine control chain the stove row turn of electrical engineering soon after. On top of that, the controller is responsible for passing these parameters the spot total line to deliver boiler building a lord to control center of calculation on board, make the managing person clear to understand the movement circumstance of each boiler.
Not only does this system heigten the quality of combustion, but also improve the fuel efficiency and the interval time of cleaning increases. As a result, the prime cost of boiler operation declines. The comprehensive fuel efficiency can increase as much as 15%~25%. Besides, during the period of operating and the changing of workload, the emission of NOx,CO and other kinds of solid grain stay in a low level.
该系统中,对每个锅炉房安装智能控制终端,自动实时完成相关锅炉的操作。该控制器是以32位嵌入式处理器技术为核心(ARM7),能够单独动态调整系统运行状态完成系统的供热控制,可根据外部环境温度和负荷的变化动态给出系统的最优化控制运行方式,达到热量的供需平衡,从而最大限度的提高系统的运行效率,有效的降低系统能源的消耗。可实现与系统运行监控中心的通讯。
经过反复研究与论证,锅炉智能控制器的主控单元采用ARM7的LPC2294硬件平台,板上外围设备以I2C接口为主,板间通讯使用RS485接口标准,总体结构采用分布式总线结构对现场设备采用主从-轮询的访问方式。锅炉智能控制器根据用户的设定参数和室外温度、采暖用户的室内温度等数据计算出当前的锅炉工作状态,包括确定所需要的供煤量和空气量,进而计算出链条炉排的前进速度和煤层厚度、鼓风量以及引风量等工作参数。之后,燃烧控制器通过变频器控制链条炉排电机的转速、鼓风电机的转速和引风电机的转速从而使锅炉工作在指定的状态下。另外,控制器还负责将这些参数通过现场总线传送到锅炉房主控中心的计算机上,让管理员清楚了解到各个锅炉的运行情况。
该系统不仅提高了燃烧性能,锅炉热效率得以提高,费用得以降低;还降低了运行成本:提高了最佳热效率和燃烧效率,加上清理作业间隔延长,减少了锅炉的运行成本。综合热效率可以提高15%到25%。另外,在持续运行和负荷变化期间,NOx、CO和固体颗粒物排放量都保持在较低水平。
Recent years, the analysises and discussions about the provision and comption of energy in our contry has reached a unprecedented level. To economize on energy and reduce wastage is one of the most important ways to promote the development of the economy and to get more profit. At the present day, the rate of energy utilization is only 32% which is 10% lower that of developed contries. Facing so large amout of energ consumption, the demand of reforming traditioned gas-heading system brooks no delay. So in accordances with this situation, we pose a set of comprehensive plan to solve this problem: Intelligent controable system of boiler.
In such kond of system, to set intelligent controllable terminals in every boiler room will achieve the goal of finishing related operation of the boiler automatically and in real-time. Such kind of controller regard 32it embedded microcontroller unit technology as the centrol part which would modify the operational condition independently and dynamically so as to finish the task of controlling of heat supply. As a result, it can icrease the efficiency of the system operation and redues the energy consumption effectively. Finally, it can reduce the interaction with the observing center of systematical operation.
Has been again and again studied and argument, boiler intelligence the lord of the controller controls the LPC2294 hardware terrace of the unit adoption ARM7, on the plank peripherals with I2Cconnect for lord, plank the communication use the RS485 connect standard, total total line structure of the structure adoption distribute type to the spot equipments adoption master and servant-round the interview method for inquire.The boiler intelligence controller is according to the customer's enactment parameter and outdoors temperature, adopt the warm customer's indoor temperature etc. Then compute a chain stove row of headway speed and coal seam thickness, drum breeze quantity and lead amount of breeze etc. work parameter.Burn controller to pass to change the Pin machine control chain the stove row turn of electrical engineering soon after. On top of that, the controller is responsible for passing these parameters the spot total line to deliver boiler building a lord to control center of calculation on board, make the managing person clear to understand the movement circumstance of each boiler.
Not only does this system heigten the quality of combustion, but also improve the fuel efficiency and the interval time of cleaning increases. As a result, the prime cost of boiler operation declines. The comprehensive fuel efficiency can increase as much as 15%~25%. Besides, during the period of operating and the changing of workload, the emission of NOx,CO and other kinds of solid grain stay in a low level.
引文
[1] 周立功. ARM 嵌入式系统基础教程. 北京: 航空航天大学出版社,2005
[2] PHILIPS 公司. LPC2200 User Manual. PHILIPS 公司,2004
[3] ARM 公司. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. ARM 公司,2000
[4] 周立功. ARM 嵌入式系统实验教程(二). 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[5] 李驹光. ARM 应用系统开发详解. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2004 年 12 月
[6] 胥静. 嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005 年 1 月
[7] 张亮明,夏桂娟. 工业锅炉自动控制. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,1987
[8] 范铁夫. 小型锅炉设计与改造. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学热能工程教研室编著,1987
[9] 徐建军,汤幸鹏. 供暖锅炉监控系统. 《电气传动》,2000
[10] 季显,林俊超,宋飞. ARM 嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例. 北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[11] 田泽. 嵌入式系统开发与应用. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[12] 董南萍. 集散型计算机控制在工业锅炉上的应用. 计算机自动测量与控制,1999. 7(1)
[13] 郑怀林等. 工业锅炉燃烧系统分级智能控制. 工业仪表与自动化装置,1999 ,(2) .
[14] 俞光昀,陈锡周,陈瑞芬等. 计算机控制技术. 北京: 电子工业出版社,1997
[15] 温丽. 锅炉供暖技术运行与管理. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1995
[16] T.S. Pedersen. Process-optimizing multivariable control of a boiler system,TEE Conference Publication 427/2, 1996: 787--792
[17] D.A.Conrad, D.P.Muldoon. Design and application of a PC/PLC utility boiler control system, Instrument Society of America, 1995, Jun:351-362
[18] ARM Architecture Reference Manual by David Seal(Dec 27 2000) Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
[19] Embedded System Design on a Shoestring (Embedded Technology) by Lewin Edwards (Jun 2003) Publisher: Newnes
[2] PHILIPS 公司. LPC2200 User Manual. PHILIPS 公司,2004
[3] ARM 公司. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. ARM 公司,2000
[4] 周立功. ARM 嵌入式系统实验教程(二). 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[5] 李驹光. ARM 应用系统开发详解. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2004 年 12 月
[6] 胥静. 嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005 年 1 月
[7] 张亮明,夏桂娟. 工业锅炉自动控制. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,1987
[8] 范铁夫. 小型锅炉设计与改造. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学热能工程教研室编著,1987
[9] 徐建军,汤幸鹏. 供暖锅炉监控系统. 《电气传动》,2000
[10] 季显,林俊超,宋飞. ARM 嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例. 北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[11] 田泽. 嵌入式系统开发与应用. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[12] 董南萍. 集散型计算机控制在工业锅炉上的应用. 计算机自动测量与控制,1999. 7(1)
[13] 郑怀林等. 工业锅炉燃烧系统分级智能控制. 工业仪表与自动化装置,1999 ,(2) .
[14] 俞光昀,陈锡周,陈瑞芬等. 计算机控制技术. 北京: 电子工业出版社,1997
[15] 温丽. 锅炉供暖技术运行与管理. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1995
[16] T.S. Pedersen. Process-optimizing multivariable control of a boiler system,TEE Conference Publication 427/2, 1996: 787--792
[17] D.A.Conrad, D.P.Muldoon. Design and application of a PC/PLC utility boiler control system, Instrument Society of America, 1995, Jun:351-362
[18] ARM Architecture Reference Manual by David Seal(Dec 27 2000) Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
[19] Embedded System Design on a Shoestring (Embedded Technology) by Lewin Edwards (Jun 2003) Publisher: Newnes