配电综合测控仪的研究与开发
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摘要
根据供电企业对配电测控功能的新要求,已经研制了以嵌入式系统ARM7处理器为核心的新一代配电综合测控仪,新一代配电测控仪实现了对电气量的高速采集技术和谐波计算、功率补偿、电能质量的数学模型的建立及在线实时计算的方法。并且本文进行了对新一代测控仪硬件电路设计,采样数据的处理方法,以及软件设计思路和测控仪的实现技术进行了详细的描述。配电测控仪经实验室试验和现场实际应用表明,本文给出和完成的电路设计,采用的算法和实现技术是完全可行的。
本文主要包括以下几个部分内容:
(1)介绍配电综合测控仪的研究现状及其发展方向、无功补偿的原理和控制策略以及谐波和无功电流检测方法,重点研究了不同接线方式的电容器的投切暂态影响,以及谐波与并联电容器之间的相互危害,并提出解决方案。
(2)完成了该装置的软硬件设计,详细分析了设计过程及其功能特点,包括控制芯片、检测计算、投切控制和执行机构以及抗干扰设计,并介绍了本控制器的硬件电路结构设计,给出了控制器的实物图片。在软件设计中采用了快速傅立叶变换对负载电压、电流进行谐波分析,以无功功率作为主要投切判据,以电压及电流谐波畸变率作为辅助判据,消除了在轻载状态下的投切振荡,避免电容器因谐波过大而导致损坏,同时该装置设计了人机接口以及上位机通讯串行通讯接口。
(3)进行了该装置的研制和现场实验,并介绍了研制情况和实验结果,实验结果分析表明,该装置有效提高了功率因数,减少了无功电流,同时也并证明了本课题理论研究的正确性及装置的有效性和实用性。
最后,对整个设计、开发过程以及结果进行总结,指出了本课题所研制的配电综合测控仪装置的优缺点,并提出了需改进的方向及方法。
According as the new demand of distribution observing and controlling applied in the power supply business, developing the new generation distribution observing and controlling instrument, based on high-speed LPC2220FBD144 fixed-point number Advanced RISC Machines (ARM). In this paper, the hardware circuit design, the sample data handle methods, the software design thinking and the realization technique of the observing and controlling instrument is described in detail. After shape test and actual application, the circuit design of the instrument, the algorithm and the realization technique is feasible completely.
This thesis includes several parts as fellows:
(1) The development tendency and study status of observing and controlling instrument, the theory and control strategy of var compensation, and the detecting method of harmonic and reactive current are introduced. The project mainly studies swithching transient influences resulting from capacitors with difference connection mode during switching on and off, and interaction between harmonic and capacitor. Moreover, the method to solve these problems are put forward.
(2) The design and character of hardware and software are introduced, which include control chip, detection and calculation, control and implement of switching and design of anti-interference. Besides, the design of hardware configuration is alse introduced, and the photo of controller is given out.In software design, analysis the harmonic of load voltage and current by Fast Foarier Transformation algorithm(FFT); using reactive power as the main switching criterion, and the total harmonic distertion of voltage and current as the auxiliary switching criterion, eliminates the oscillation in the process of capacitor switching under the light load; and avoids the breakage of capacitors due to the excessive harmonic; at the same time, alse designs a man-machine interface and a communication interface with upper machine.
(3) The manufacture and test of the device is carried out, and the result identifies that the var compensation device can raise power factor, reduce reactive current and stabilize electric network voltage effectively. So the correctness of theory and the validity and practicability of the device are also proved.
Finally, the design, the developing process and the result are summed up. The merit and disadvantage of the Var compensation device are pointed, and the direction and method of improvement are proposed.
本文主要包括以下几个部分内容:
(1)介绍配电综合测控仪的研究现状及其发展方向、无功补偿的原理和控制策略以及谐波和无功电流检测方法,重点研究了不同接线方式的电容器的投切暂态影响,以及谐波与并联电容器之间的相互危害,并提出解决方案。
(2)完成了该装置的软硬件设计,详细分析了设计过程及其功能特点,包括控制芯片、检测计算、投切控制和执行机构以及抗干扰设计,并介绍了本控制器的硬件电路结构设计,给出了控制器的实物图片。在软件设计中采用了快速傅立叶变换对负载电压、电流进行谐波分析,以无功功率作为主要投切判据,以电压及电流谐波畸变率作为辅助判据,消除了在轻载状态下的投切振荡,避免电容器因谐波过大而导致损坏,同时该装置设计了人机接口以及上位机通讯串行通讯接口。
(3)进行了该装置的研制和现场实验,并介绍了研制情况和实验结果,实验结果分析表明,该装置有效提高了功率因数,减少了无功电流,同时也并证明了本课题理论研究的正确性及装置的有效性和实用性。
最后,对整个设计、开发过程以及结果进行总结,指出了本课题所研制的配电综合测控仪装置的优缺点,并提出了需改进的方向及方法。
According as the new demand of distribution observing and controlling applied in the power supply business, developing the new generation distribution observing and controlling instrument, based on high-speed LPC2220FBD144 fixed-point number Advanced RISC Machines (ARM). In this paper, the hardware circuit design, the sample data handle methods, the software design thinking and the realization technique of the observing and controlling instrument is described in detail. After shape test and actual application, the circuit design of the instrument, the algorithm and the realization technique is feasible completely.
This thesis includes several parts as fellows:
(1) The development tendency and study status of observing and controlling instrument, the theory and control strategy of var compensation, and the detecting method of harmonic and reactive current are introduced. The project mainly studies swithching transient influences resulting from capacitors with difference connection mode during switching on and off, and interaction between harmonic and capacitor. Moreover, the method to solve these problems are put forward.
(2) The design and character of hardware and software are introduced, which include control chip, detection and calculation, control and implement of switching and design of anti-interference. Besides, the design of hardware configuration is alse introduced, and the photo of controller is given out.In software design, analysis the harmonic of load voltage and current by Fast Foarier Transformation algorithm(FFT); using reactive power as the main switching criterion, and the total harmonic distertion of voltage and current as the auxiliary switching criterion, eliminates the oscillation in the process of capacitor switching under the light load; and avoids the breakage of capacitors due to the excessive harmonic; at the same time, alse designs a man-machine interface and a communication interface with upper machine.
(3) The manufacture and test of the device is carried out, and the result identifies that the var compensation device can raise power factor, reduce reactive current and stabilize electric network voltage effectively. So the correctness of theory and the validity and practicability of the device are also proved.
Finally, the design, the developing process and the result are summed up. The merit and disadvantage of the Var compensation device are pointed, and the direction and method of improvement are proposed.
引文
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32.罗蕾.嵌入式实时操作系统及应用开发.北京北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
33.张君施 译.嵌入式软件测试.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
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38.张勇,马争.GPRS移动通信系统中用户鉴权算法的研究,移动通信,2004.3:122-125
39.秦妍,柏溢,CDMA系统通信安全与鉴权,中国数据通信,2004(02):66-68
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41.赵宁,陈明,何鹏举,嵌入式操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ在ARM上的移植于应用航空计测技术.2004:22-30
42.王劲松,李正熙,夏旺盛,嵌入式操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ的内核实现,现代电子技术,2003
43.终国香,李琦,uC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式操作系统的多任务应用程序开发,光电工程-2004年B12期
44.崔龙,周启明等,基于ARM的实时侧控系统开发平台单片机与嵌入式系统应用2003
45.钟锡吕,嵌入式操作系统在中国的发展现状与前景,信息技术与应用,2002年第6期
2.探矽工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经(第二版)[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,2003,28-37
3.魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫.嵌入式开发祥解[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003,183-191
4.卢虎,李勇,李志芳.嵌入式WebServe:技术及其实现[J],单片机及嵌入式系统应用,2003,5:71-74
5.谭浩强.C程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
6.王正程,鲁绍坤.嵌入式系统中通讯协议的设计与实JAM,云南民族学院学报,2001.10:466-69
7.Embedded Everywhere:A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers[M],Washington:National Academy Press,2001
8.Jonathan W.Valvano.Embedded Microcomputer Systems:Real Time Interfacing[M],Brooks/ColeP ublishingC o.2000
9.TI Datasheet:ARM Peripherals User Manual
10.田小辉、李明远、田昕.基于GPRS的远程无线透传终端系统的设计与实现[J],现代电子技术,2005.4(195)
11.徐公权,黄德利,周天爵,金培生,王德新一个超高速FFT阵列式计算结构设计方案.计算机研究与发展1996,33(12):899-904
12.魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫等.嵌入式开发详解.北京电子工业出版社,2003:3-4
13.李善平,刘文峰,王换龙.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京清华大学出版社,2003:3-10
14.田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京北京航空航天大学出版社,
15.ARM Limited.ARM7TDMI(Rev4)Technical ReferenceM anual.2001
16.王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.北京清华大学出版社,2002
17.杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.北京清华大学出版社,2003 2.
18.周永宏,王成飞,何志敏.ARM7TDMI-在嵌入式系统中的Bootloader代码设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2004 9:27-29
19.马忠梅.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
20.陈积,ARM嵌入式技术实践教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
21.詹荣开.嵌入式BootLoader技术内幕(一、二、三).来自www.linuxsir.org.2004
22.陈渝,李明等.源码开放的嵌入式系统软件分析与实践.北京北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
23.周立功编著.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例.北京北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
24.ARM Limited.ARM DeveloperSuite,Assembler,Guide
25.周立,ARM嵌入式系统基础教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
26.Kamal Raj.Embedded Systems Architecture,programming and design.McGraw-Hill Education(Asia)Co.2005.
27.邵贝贝.单片机嵌入式应用的在线开发方法.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
28.ARM Limited.ARM Software Development Toolkit Version2.50
29.李伯成.单片机及嵌入式系统北京清华大学出版社,2005.
30.吴明晖.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用北京人民邮电出版社,2004.6
31.陈翌.嵌入式软件开发技术北京国防工业出版社,2003
32.罗蕾.嵌入式实时操作系统及应用开发.北京北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
33.张君施 译.嵌入式软件测试.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
34.Karim Yaghmour Building Embedded Linux Systems.USA:O'Reill
35.Jhong Sam Lee,Leonard E.Miller,CDMA Systems Engineering Handbook,Artech House Boston London 1998 3 25
36.J-STD-018:Recommended Minimum Performance Requirements for 1.8 to 2.0 GHzCode Division Multiple Access(CDMA)Personal Stations.The Telecommunications Industry Association,Arlington VA 1995.
37.JohnB.GroeLawrenceE.Larson,CDMA mobile radio design-(Artech House mobile communicationsseries)2000 2(51-282)
38.张勇,马争.GPRS移动通信系统中用户鉴权算法的研究,移动通信,2004.3:122-125
39.秦妍,柏溢,CDMA系统通信安全与鉴权,中国数据通信,2004(02):66-68
40.赵志峰,郑少仁,CDMA移动通信系统中移动台的鉴权,军事通信技术,1999
41.赵宁,陈明,何鹏举,嵌入式操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ在ARM上的移植于应用航空计测技术.2004:22-30
42.王劲松,李正熙,夏旺盛,嵌入式操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ的内核实现,现代电子技术,2003
43.终国香,李琦,uC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式操作系统的多任务应用程序开发,光电工程-2004年B12期
44.崔龙,周启明等,基于ARM的实时侧控系统开发平台单片机与嵌入式系统应用2003
45.钟锡吕,嵌入式操作系统在中国的发展现状与前景,信息技术与应用,2002年第6期