基于ZigBee的嵌入式环境监控系统路由机制的研究
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摘要
近年来,环境对我们生活、设备的影响越来越受到关注,在很多企业及政府部门的机房、仓库、文档储存的库房中,需要对其环境的温湿度及各种状态进行采集、监控,来确保物品存放的安全。因此,研究和开发一套稳定、先进、有效且性能价格比较高的环境监控系统极其必要。
同时,网络技术、嵌入式技术的高速发展给研制开发环境监控系统带来的极大的便利,但是目前的系统一般是以有线的方式传输的,有一些弊端,如布线麻烦等。因此我们采用了ZigBee技术来实现以无线方式进行数据的采集收发。
ZigBee技术特别适合于数据吞吐量小、网络建设投资少、网络安全要求较高、不便频繁更换电池或充电的场合。本文采用了TI的CC2430 ZigBee芯片,结合实际中环境监控的要求,给出了一个嵌入式环境监控系统的解决方案。
针对在以无线通信方式来进行数据传输时,路由算法非常重要,因此在实现整体解决方案,包括主站服务器软件设计,以及硬件模块设计的基础上,本文主要研究了ZigBee无线组网路由算法,提出了一种改进型的加权树状路由算法(IWRT),实现数据的可靠传输,以及尽可能延长整体网络的生存时间。经过仿真和在实际使用当中的应用测试,结果显示系统性能良好。
Nowadays, the environment is more and more important to our life and production equipment. In many government or corporation storerooms or workshops, it is necessary to monitor the temperature and the humidity of the environment so as to protect the equipments. So it is significative to research and develop the Monitoring System of Environment.
Also, the fast development of the technology of network and embedded system is good message for the Monitoring System of Environment. But most of current systems communicate with Ethernet or other wire. They all have different limitation, such as wiring is a big problem. So we use the wireless ZigBee technology to achieve the transmission of data acquisition.
ZigBee technology is particularly suited to small data throughput and network construction investment, the higher requirements of the network security, inconvenience frequent battery replacement or recharging occasions. Connection with real requirements of Environment Monitoring System, this paper achieves the embedded data acquisition system using TI's CC2430.
The key problem to work out the data acquisition system is how to establish the communication link between the wireless nodes make sure the system can get the data in nodes and run without failure, so we research the routing protocol of ZigBee network. The result shows that the data can be got successfully and the lifetime of the whole networks is prolonged.
同时,网络技术、嵌入式技术的高速发展给研制开发环境监控系统带来的极大的便利,但是目前的系统一般是以有线的方式传输的,有一些弊端,如布线麻烦等。因此我们采用了ZigBee技术来实现以无线方式进行数据的采集收发。
ZigBee技术特别适合于数据吞吐量小、网络建设投资少、网络安全要求较高、不便频繁更换电池或充电的场合。本文采用了TI的CC2430 ZigBee芯片,结合实际中环境监控的要求,给出了一个嵌入式环境监控系统的解决方案。
针对在以无线通信方式来进行数据传输时,路由算法非常重要,因此在实现整体解决方案,包括主站服务器软件设计,以及硬件模块设计的基础上,本文主要研究了ZigBee无线组网路由算法,提出了一种改进型的加权树状路由算法(IWRT),实现数据的可靠传输,以及尽可能延长整体网络的生存时间。经过仿真和在实际使用当中的应用测试,结果显示系统性能良好。
Nowadays, the environment is more and more important to our life and production equipment. In many government or corporation storerooms or workshops, it is necessary to monitor the temperature and the humidity of the environment so as to protect the equipments. So it is significative to research and develop the Monitoring System of Environment.
Also, the fast development of the technology of network and embedded system is good message for the Monitoring System of Environment. But most of current systems communicate with Ethernet or other wire. They all have different limitation, such as wiring is a big problem. So we use the wireless ZigBee technology to achieve the transmission of data acquisition.
ZigBee technology is particularly suited to small data throughput and network construction investment, the higher requirements of the network security, inconvenience frequent battery replacement or recharging occasions. Connection with real requirements of Environment Monitoring System, this paper achieves the embedded data acquisition system using TI's CC2430.
The key problem to work out the data acquisition system is how to establish the communication link between the wireless nodes make sure the system can get the data in nodes and run without failure, so we research the routing protocol of ZigBee network. The result shows that the data can be got successfully and the lifetime of the whole networks is prolonged.
引文
[1]史忠科,大型计算机监控系统.北京:科学出版社,1995
[2]赵玉峰,动力设备及环境集中监控系统.北京邮电大学出版社.1998
[3]乔文孝,张春艳,通信机房监控系统的设计方案[J].电子工程师.2003(3):28231
[4]李仲令,李少谦,唐友喜,现代无线与移动通信技术,北京,科学出版社,2006
[5]ZigBee Allance.ZigBee Specification.URL:www.zigbee.org.
[6]凌志浩,ZigBee无线通信协议的技术支持及其应用前景.网络与通信.2006(2):44-49
[7]张建禄,机房集中监控系统分析.浙江交通科技,2002,(3)
[8]IEEE802.15.4,Part15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network(LR-WPAN),October 2003
[9]朱向庆,王建明,ZigBee协议网络层的研究与实现,电子技术应用,2006年第1期
[10]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌,ZigBee技术及应用,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[11]金纯,ZigBee技术基础及案例分析,北京,国防工业出版社,2008
[12]李文仲,段朝玉,ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[13]吕治安,ZigBee网络原理与应用开发,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[14]ZigBee Alliance,ZigBee Architecture Overview[EB/OL],2005-9-6,httP://www.zigbee.org/en/events/doeuments.
[15]顾瑞红,张宏科.基于ZigBee的无线网络技术及应用.电子技术应用,2005
[16]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络,北京,清华大学出版社,2005
[17]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛,无线传感器网络综述.通信学报,2004,25(4):114-127.
[18]Qiangfeng Jiang,D.Manivannan,"Routing Protocols for Sensor Networks",0-7803-8145-9/04,IEEE,2004:93-98
[19]Kemal Akkava,Mohamed Younis."A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor network",Ad Hoc Networks,3(2005):325-349P
[20]C.Intanagoniwat,R.Gowindan,and D.Estrin,"Directed Diffusion:A Sealable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor networks",Proc.ACM MobiCom'00,Boston,MA,2000:56-67P
[21]沈波,张世永,钟亦平.无线传感器网络分簇路由协议[J].软件学报,2006,7(7):1588-1600
[22]唐勇,周明天,张欣,无线传感器网络路由协议研究进展,软件学报,2006(17):410-420
[23]张禄林等,蓝牙协议及其实现,人民邮电出版社,2001
[24]朱刚等,蓝牙技术原理与协议,北方交通大学出版社,2002
[25]唐雄燕,李建宇,张辉,宽带无线接入技术及应用:WiMAX与WiFi,北京,电子工业出版社,2006
[26]于锐华,益晓新,于全,ZigBee与Bluetooth的比较及共存分析.测控技术,2005,24(6):50-56.
[27]Subhasis Bhattacharjee,Nabanita Das.Distributed Data Gathering Scheduling in Muitihop Wireless Sensor Networks for Improved Lifetime[C].Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing:Theory and Applications.46-50.Mar 2007.
[28]Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman,Anantha Chandrakasan,Hari Balakrishnan.Energy-efficient Communication Protocols for Wireless Microsensor Networks[C],Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-2000
[29]万林,张昱,负载均衡集中式能耗树算法的无线传感网路由协议,传感技术学报,2008(1)
[30]李兴凯.无线传感器网络路由算法研究与改进.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2006:29-30
[31]彭东,SQL Server 2000应用开发技术指南,北京,清华大学出版社,2001
[32]李赫雄,许宏泰,唐家才,SQL Server 2000应用程序开发,北京,人民邮 电出版社,2001
[33]东方人华,Delphi 7入门与提高,北京,清华大学出版社,2003
[34]张大年,Borland Delphi数据库应用开发技术与实例,北京,清华大学出版社,2002
[35]马义德,刘映杰,张新国,嵌入式系统的现状及发展前景[J],信息技术,2001(12):58-59
[36]Jean J.Labrosse,MicroC/OS-Ⅱ The Real-Time Kernel,Second Edition[M],CMP Books,CMP Media LLC,2002
[37]叶丰桥黄海,UC/OS-Ⅱ在51XA上的移植应用[J],工业控制计算机,2002(15):55-56,63
[38]CC2430Data Sheet[OL],http://www.chipcon.com/index.cfm?Kat_id=2&subkat_id=12&dok_id=115
[39]王汀,微处理机原理与接口技术,北京,化学工业出版社,2004
[40]姜连祥,许培培.温湿度传感器SHT11的感测系统的设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007(4)
[41]徐爱钧,IAR EWARM嵌入式系统编程与实践,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[42]顾瑞红,张宏科,基于ZigBce的无线网络技术及其应用,网络通信世界,2005
[2]赵玉峰,动力设备及环境集中监控系统.北京邮电大学出版社.1998
[3]乔文孝,张春艳,通信机房监控系统的设计方案[J].电子工程师.2003(3):28231
[4]李仲令,李少谦,唐友喜,现代无线与移动通信技术,北京,科学出版社,2006
[5]ZigBee Allance.ZigBee Specification.URL:www.zigbee.org.
[6]凌志浩,ZigBee无线通信协议的技术支持及其应用前景.网络与通信.2006(2):44-49
[7]张建禄,机房集中监控系统分析.浙江交通科技,2002,(3)
[8]IEEE802.15.4,Part15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network(LR-WPAN),October 2003
[9]朱向庆,王建明,ZigBee协议网络层的研究与实现,电子技术应用,2006年第1期
[10]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌,ZigBee技术及应用,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[11]金纯,ZigBee技术基础及案例分析,北京,国防工业出版社,2008
[12]李文仲,段朝玉,ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[13]吕治安,ZigBee网络原理与应用开发,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[14]ZigBee Alliance,ZigBee Architecture Overview[EB/OL],2005-9-6,httP://www.zigbee.org/en/events/doeuments.
[15]顾瑞红,张宏科.基于ZigBee的无线网络技术及应用.电子技术应用,2005
[16]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络,北京,清华大学出版社,2005
[17]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛,无线传感器网络综述.通信学报,2004,25(4):114-127.
[18]Qiangfeng Jiang,D.Manivannan,"Routing Protocols for Sensor Networks",0-7803-8145-9/04,IEEE,2004:93-98
[19]Kemal Akkava,Mohamed Younis."A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor network",Ad Hoc Networks,3(2005):325-349P
[20]C.Intanagoniwat,R.Gowindan,and D.Estrin,"Directed Diffusion:A Sealable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor networks",Proc.ACM MobiCom'00,Boston,MA,2000:56-67P
[21]沈波,张世永,钟亦平.无线传感器网络分簇路由协议[J].软件学报,2006,7(7):1588-1600
[22]唐勇,周明天,张欣,无线传感器网络路由协议研究进展,软件学报,2006(17):410-420
[23]张禄林等,蓝牙协议及其实现,人民邮电出版社,2001
[24]朱刚等,蓝牙技术原理与协议,北方交通大学出版社,2002
[25]唐雄燕,李建宇,张辉,宽带无线接入技术及应用:WiMAX与WiFi,北京,电子工业出版社,2006
[26]于锐华,益晓新,于全,ZigBee与Bluetooth的比较及共存分析.测控技术,2005,24(6):50-56.
[27]Subhasis Bhattacharjee,Nabanita Das.Distributed Data Gathering Scheduling in Muitihop Wireless Sensor Networks for Improved Lifetime[C].Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing:Theory and Applications.46-50.Mar 2007.
[28]Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman,Anantha Chandrakasan,Hari Balakrishnan.Energy-efficient Communication Protocols for Wireless Microsensor Networks[C],Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-2000
[29]万林,张昱,负载均衡集中式能耗树算法的无线传感网路由协议,传感技术学报,2008(1)
[30]李兴凯.无线传感器网络路由算法研究与改进.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2006:29-30
[31]彭东,SQL Server 2000应用开发技术指南,北京,清华大学出版社,2001
[32]李赫雄,许宏泰,唐家才,SQL Server 2000应用程序开发,北京,人民邮 电出版社,2001
[33]东方人华,Delphi 7入门与提高,北京,清华大学出版社,2003
[34]张大年,Borland Delphi数据库应用开发技术与实例,北京,清华大学出版社,2002
[35]马义德,刘映杰,张新国,嵌入式系统的现状及发展前景[J],信息技术,2001(12):58-59
[36]Jean J.Labrosse,MicroC/OS-Ⅱ The Real-Time Kernel,Second Edition[M],CMP Books,CMP Media LLC,2002
[37]叶丰桥黄海,UC/OS-Ⅱ在51XA上的移植应用[J],工业控制计算机,2002(15):55-56,63
[38]CC2430Data Sheet[OL],http://www.chipcon.com/index.cfm?Kat_id=2&subkat_id=12&dok_id=115
[39]王汀,微处理机原理与接口技术,北京,化学工业出版社,2004
[40]姜连祥,许培培.温湿度传感器SHT11的感测系统的设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007(4)
[41]徐爱钧,IAR EWARM嵌入式系统编程与实践,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[42]顾瑞红,张宏科,基于ZigBce的无线网络技术及其应用,网络通信世界,2005