高速铁路弓网电弧动态特性研究
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摘要
高速铁路是当今世界铁路发展的潮流,提升列车运行速度是世界各国不断追求的目标。我国通过引进——消化吸收——再创新的发展模式,极大推动了我国高速列车技术的发展。受电弓／接触网(以下简称弓网)关系是高速电气化铁路安全运行的三大核心关系之一,弓网系统良好的服役性能是保障高速列车可靠、安全运行的基本条件。随着高速列车运行速度的提高,受电弓与接触网之间存在着纵横向的高速滑动和垂向的频繁跳动,使得弓网之间的电接触状态变化更加复杂。弓网在接触至分离过程中,弓网之间的接触电阻不断增大,受流质量降低。弓网出现分离时将产生弓网电弧,弓网电弧将烧蚀接触网导线和受电弓滑板,同时引起牵引供电电压和电流波形畸变、降低牵引供电质量,威胁高速铁路的安全稳定运行。
以高速铁路弓网运动过程为研究对象,分析了传统弓网试验装置(盘-销结构)的不足,基于弓网之间的实际耦合关系,研制了“柔性平直线接触”的弓网电弧发生装置和同步电弧信息采集系统。将接触网导线放置于两个圆盘的安装槽上,采用变频电机驱动圆盘运动来实现接触网导线的纵向运动；采用伺服电机结合滚轴丝杆驱动的方式实现受电弓滑板的垂向振动和横向“Z”形运动,从而精确控制弓网之间的相对运动。根据弓网电弧电压的突变性,采用宽频带桥式阻容分压式电弧电压采集方法,将采集的电弧电压信号经隔离放大处理,送入后续的高速数据采集系统,以便实现电弧电压、电流、电弧形态等信息的同步采集,从而为研究弓网电接触特性、弓网电弧影响规律及其动态特性奠定基础。
研究了弓网系统的接触形态,剖析了弓网接触电阻产生机理,解析了接触电阻与接触形貌和触点温升关系,建立弓网接触电阻模型并进行了试验验证,探明了弓网滑动速度、接触压力、弓网受流对动态接触电阻的影响规律。
研究了弓网在高速滑动、跳动过程中电弧的产生、发展、熄灭规律及其机理。揭示了弓网离线间歇、弓网系统电极材料、牵引电流以及弓网系统的负载特性对弓网电弧的影响规律,为后续建立弓网电弧时空分布模型奠定了试验基础。
建立了弓网电弧时空分布模型,将弓网电弧模型引入到牵引供电系统中,研究了弓网燃弧相位、离线位置对牵引系统过电压的影响规律,提出了弓网电弧引起的牵引供电系统过电压的抑制措施。
High-speed is trend of electrical railway development all over the world. Higher and higher speed is the seek purpose for various countries. The mode of import, digestion, absorption and re-innovation of technology has greatly contributed to the development of high-speed railway in China. Pantograph-catenary system is one of three key systems of high-speed electric railway. So its service performance has great influence on the train's reliable and safe running. Because of the phenomenon "contact-abruption-contact" of pantograph-catenary system, with the increase of train speed, electric contact and abruption of pantograph-catenary system are alternated more and more quickly. During the alternation process, contact resistance of pantograph-catenary system increases, power quality from catenary reduces. When the pantograph and catenary is separated, pantograph-catenary arc would occur. The arc will ablate catenary wire and pantograph sliding board, and distort voltage and current waveform, as well as reduce the power quality. The arc greatly impacts the train's reliable and safe running.
Running process of high-speed railway pantograph-catenary system was studied. According to the deficiency of traditional pantograph-catenary system test device (tray-pin structure), based on the coupling of actual pantograph-catenary system, pantograph-catenary arc test device of flexible line contacting flat line as well as arc information collection synchronous system were developed. The contact wire is fixed in the grooves around the outer edges of the two wheels. When the driving wheel is driven to rotate by the variable speed motor, the driven wheel and the contact wire moves together with it, which can simulate horizontal movement. This apparatus can achieve zigzag movment and vertical libration based on it used the servo control systems and roller screws technology. The arcing voltage acquisition used broadband bridge resistance-capacity partial pressure sampling method according to the pantograph arcing voltage's mutability, the voltage singal route by isolation amplifier, send to high speed acquisition unite, in order to realize the arcing voltage arcing current and acrcing morphology synchronous acquisition. It has laid the experimental foundation for researching the character of pantograph electrical contact and pantograph arcing.
The contact shapes of pantograph-catenary system and the mechanism of contact resistance for pantograph-catenary system were studied. the relationships among contact resistance, contact morphology and spot temperature were analyzed. A novel contact resistance model for pantograph-catenary system has been established and verified the model by experiment. The relationships among contact resistance, slide speed, contact force and collecting current were studied.
Occurring, development, extinguishing law and its mechanism of pantograph-catenary arc under high-speed sliding and beating process were investigated. The influence of abruption and electrode material of pantograph-catenary system, import current, load characteristic on pantograph-catenary arc was analyzed. Impact law of pantograph-catenary arc was obtained. It has laid the experimental foundation for the spatial and temporal distribution model of pantograph-catenary arc.
The spatial and temporal distribution model of pantograph-catenary arc was gained. Based on the model, the impact of the phase of arc, abruption position on overvoltage of traction system was studied. Suppression measures for arc inducing traction system overvoltage were proposed.
以高速铁路弓网运动过程为研究对象,分析了传统弓网试验装置(盘-销结构)的不足,基于弓网之间的实际耦合关系,研制了“柔性平直线接触”的弓网电弧发生装置和同步电弧信息采集系统。将接触网导线放置于两个圆盘的安装槽上,采用变频电机驱动圆盘运动来实现接触网导线的纵向运动；采用伺服电机结合滚轴丝杆驱动的方式实现受电弓滑板的垂向振动和横向“Z”形运动,从而精确控制弓网之间的相对运动。根据弓网电弧电压的突变性,采用宽频带桥式阻容分压式电弧电压采集方法,将采集的电弧电压信号经隔离放大处理,送入后续的高速数据采集系统,以便实现电弧电压、电流、电弧形态等信息的同步采集,从而为研究弓网电接触特性、弓网电弧影响规律及其动态特性奠定基础。
研究了弓网系统的接触形态,剖析了弓网接触电阻产生机理,解析了接触电阻与接触形貌和触点温升关系,建立弓网接触电阻模型并进行了试验验证,探明了弓网滑动速度、接触压力、弓网受流对动态接触电阻的影响规律。
研究了弓网在高速滑动、跳动过程中电弧的产生、发展、熄灭规律及其机理。揭示了弓网离线间歇、弓网系统电极材料、牵引电流以及弓网系统的负载特性对弓网电弧的影响规律,为后续建立弓网电弧时空分布模型奠定了试验基础。
建立了弓网电弧时空分布模型,将弓网电弧模型引入到牵引供电系统中,研究了弓网燃弧相位、离线位置对牵引系统过电压的影响规律,提出了弓网电弧引起的牵引供电系统过电压的抑制措施。
High-speed is trend of electrical railway development all over the world. Higher and higher speed is the seek purpose for various countries. The mode of import, digestion, absorption and re-innovation of technology has greatly contributed to the development of high-speed railway in China. Pantograph-catenary system is one of three key systems of high-speed electric railway. So its service performance has great influence on the train's reliable and safe running. Because of the phenomenon "contact-abruption-contact" of pantograph-catenary system, with the increase of train speed, electric contact and abruption of pantograph-catenary system are alternated more and more quickly. During the alternation process, contact resistance of pantograph-catenary system increases, power quality from catenary reduces. When the pantograph and catenary is separated, pantograph-catenary arc would occur. The arc will ablate catenary wire and pantograph sliding board, and distort voltage and current waveform, as well as reduce the power quality. The arc greatly impacts the train's reliable and safe running.
Running process of high-speed railway pantograph-catenary system was studied. According to the deficiency of traditional pantograph-catenary system test device (tray-pin structure), based on the coupling of actual pantograph-catenary system, pantograph-catenary arc test device of flexible line contacting flat line as well as arc information collection synchronous system were developed. The contact wire is fixed in the grooves around the outer edges of the two wheels. When the driving wheel is driven to rotate by the variable speed motor, the driven wheel and the contact wire moves together with it, which can simulate horizontal movement. This apparatus can achieve zigzag movment and vertical libration based on it used the servo control systems and roller screws technology. The arcing voltage acquisition used broadband bridge resistance-capacity partial pressure sampling method according to the pantograph arcing voltage's mutability, the voltage singal route by isolation amplifier, send to high speed acquisition unite, in order to realize the arcing voltage arcing current and acrcing morphology synchronous acquisition. It has laid the experimental foundation for researching the character of pantograph electrical contact and pantograph arcing.
The contact shapes of pantograph-catenary system and the mechanism of contact resistance for pantograph-catenary system were studied. the relationships among contact resistance, contact morphology and spot temperature were analyzed. A novel contact resistance model for pantograph-catenary system has been established and verified the model by experiment. The relationships among contact resistance, slide speed, contact force and collecting current were studied.
Occurring, development, extinguishing law and its mechanism of pantograph-catenary arc under high-speed sliding and beating process were investigated. The influence of abruption and electrode material of pantograph-catenary system, import current, load characteristic on pantograph-catenary arc was analyzed. Impact law of pantograph-catenary arc was obtained. It has laid the experimental foundation for the spatial and temporal distribution model of pantograph-catenary arc.
The spatial and temporal distribution model of pantograph-catenary arc was gained. Based on the model, the impact of the phase of arc, abruption position on overvoltage of traction system was studied. Suppression measures for arc inducing traction system overvoltage were proposed.
引文
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