电涡流检测的正向问题研究及检测系统的通信设计
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摘要
电涡流检测(Eddy Current Testing,ECT)是无损检测领域的五大常规检测方法之一,是一种独特而低成本的高速大规模检测的方法,它具有非接触测量,不污染环境,易于实现自动检测等优点,因而成为成品、半成品金属材料和金属设备在役检查表面缺陷的主要探伤技术之一,广泛应用于航空航天、国防工业、汽车工业、核电站等部门。
     作为国家自然科学基金项目的一部分研究内容,本文对电涡流检测正向问题中的探头提离效应及缺陷检测中的涡流场理论模型和分布情况进行了研究,并对电涡流检测系统的通信进行了设计,主要工作和创新点如下:
     1.建立正圆柱空心探头置于单层各向同性导电结构上方时的涡流探头阻抗变化数学模型,分析了探头阻抗、提离之间的变化关系,揭示了在单层厚度涡流检测中,涡流探头提离与阻抗相角的变化规律;提出了在厚度涡流检测中,根据相角变化信息来抑制探头提离影响的思路。并进行了单层板提离实验的仿真计算和实验分析,验证了这一思路的有效性。
     2.对有缺陷的导电结构,建立了电涡流检测正向模型,应用MAXWELL-3D涡流场求解器,进行了三维电磁场仿真计算。研究和分析了探头磁感应强度的变化分布规律和探头内场量变化与缺陷的关系,给出了探头线圈内部不同位置的磁感应强度幅值、相角参数在缺陷扫描过程中的仿真响应曲线及变化规律。通过对仿真结果的分析,证实了当导电结构中存在缺陷时,磁感应强度幅值、相位会根据缺陷的情况相应增加,且探头底部对缺陷的响应最为明显,这为如何在探头内置场量测量传感器提供了依据。
     3.应用LabWIEW图形化编程语言实现了涡流检测系统串行通信,建立了用于存储检测命令的数据库。设计了有效的通信协议,不同类型的命令数据采用同一种格式的数据帧进行发送,通过判断帧特定字节的方法进行命令和数据的区分并进行对应的操作,用图形化编程语言实现了便携式缺陷探测系统和计算机信号处理系统的通信。
Eddy current testing (ECT) is one of the most used methods of Nondestructive testing. Eddy current testing measurements are frequently applied to the nondestructive testing of different types of conducting materials. It cost low, and can be very quickly carried out. This paper study on some problems in eddy current testing, and the main works are listed as follows:
     1. Presented an analytical model which describes the impedance change when an air-cored coil sensor is placed next to a conducting plate. Analysis of the model reveals that the phase of the impedance signature is lift-off independent. It is helpful to distinguish the change of lift-off from the thickness change of the plate. Analysis of the lift-off effect of phase spectra for eddy current probe is a new way which can be used in practical application. This finding is verified by numerical simulations and experiments.
     2. Used the Maxwell 3d simulated the model of the conducting materials which have different flaws, researched the distribution of the magnetic field in the probe and the conducting plate. Based on the result of simulation, a method was proposed that how to located the sensor in the probe, so that we can distinguish defect from the plate well. For this purpose, which parameter of the magnetic field is also analyzed.
     3. Devised a communication protocol used in the eddy current testing system. Use the same format of data package to send out different kinds of command data, by identifying the special byte, it could distinguish the different command data, a database also was designed, all this was realized using the graphical language, and gets a good performance in practical application.
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