高压SF_6断路器电弧动态数学模型及喷口结构优化设计
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摘要
本世纪初的几十年是我国电力事业迅猛发展的时期。由于发电、用电地域之差，决定了我国输变电行业将面临巨大的挑战和艰巨的任务。高压SF_6断路器既是电力系统中的重要电气装置，又是高压电器中典型的器件之一，其产品的研究涉及电、磁、热、机等多学科内容，以其为核心而进行相关理论的研究对提高开关行业的理论水平具有重要现实意义。
本文在阅读了大量国内外参考文献资料的基础上，归纳总结了国内外高压SF_6断路器的众多专家学者的研究成果，从高压SF_6断路器的应用现状和当前研究的热点、难点问题出发，结合国内高压SF_6断路器的发展需求，进行了部分关键技术问题的研究。
高压SF_6断路器三维电场仿真以及数值求解方法的研究。对于高压SF_6断路器以及其它的开关电器来说，绝缘性能分析是最基本也是最为重要的环节，而基于电场的数值计算是绝缘设计的重要途径。对于含有多重介质、复杂结构的高压SF_6断路器，通过构造合理的数学模型，研究高精度、高求解效率的电场数值求解方法是解决问题的关键。本文针对高压SF_6断路器的实际产品结构，采用传统模拟电荷法进行断路器3D电场数值分析。并在此基础上，针对传统模拟电荷法在具体应用过程中人为干预的问题，首次将遗传算法引入模拟电荷法的布点设计中，提出了智能优化模拟电荷法的新方法，并对具体实例进行电场数值求解，验证其可行性和有效性。同时，实现了有限元和模拟电荷法耦合求解无限远场域问题，提出了实现无界场域电场的高精度数值求解的一种新思路。
动态电弧模型的建立以及开断过程电弧动态特性的研究。电弧动态模型的准确建立对于研究分析高压SF_6断路器的介质恢复特性和开断性能是必不可少的关键问题。在讨论高压SF_6断路器电弧模型发展历程的基础上，为克服传统电弧模型中电弧与气流相互作用体现不足以及电弧动态特性反映不足的问题，本文首次提出了等效单元体法的二维动态电弧模型及其与气流场耦合的物理数学模型。对电流零前、过零期间以及零后的电弧动态变化进行数值求解，实现了高压SF_6断路器开断过程电弧动态变化的仿真模拟。
高精度有粘、可压缩、有源、跨音速气流场求解的研究。针对高压SF_6断路器气流场求解的复杂性和特殊性，在对常用气流场数值求解方法应用特点分析的基础上，本文采用改进的有限体积TVD格式进行断路器气流场数值求解，提高了解的收敛性、准确性和激波的捕捉能力。在断路器开断过程动态电弧特性仿真的基础上，深入解析了电弧与高速气流的相互作用机理，研究了电弧堵塞情况下喷口气流参数的变化，电弧与激波的
沈阳工业大学博士学位论文
摘要
相互作用等。为进一步研究断路器如何合理利用电弧自身能量有效吹弧，提高断路器介
质恢复特性等的研究提供了充分的理论基础。
喷口结构电场/气流场逆问题求解研究。本文在对不同喷口结构断路器短路开断下
介质恢复特性计算的基础上，首次进行了基于电场/气流场的高压S氏断路器喷口结构优
化设计。以喷口型面为优化设计变量，以断路器介质恢复特性为优化设计目标，采用改
进的Powell方法作为喷口优化设计方法。并将所求得的优化喷口型面结构在空载开断
下进行了介质恢复特性的校核，证明了本文所提出的基于电场/气流场祸合场逆问题求
解的正确性和有效性。
本文在计算全程采用了计算机图形可视化支持，形成了集高压S凡断路器电弧动态
模型、电场/气流场祸合求解的计算分析软件包。
The first decades of this century, there is an increasing development for the electrical power system. And the power system will face the great challenges. High voltage SF6 circuit breaker has been considered as the important electrical equipment. The investigation of its key technology covers several subjects, such as electromagnetic, heat and mechanical fields. Focus on it to have theoretical study will have realistic significance for increasing the design level of switch industry.
Based on large number of the domestic and overseas references, this thesis concludes the research contributions of many experts and scholars, the current hot problems, combining the developing demand for high voltage SF6 circuit breaker, some key technical problems have been studied.
3D electric field simulation of high voltage SF6 circuit breaker and numerical computation method. Firstly, the numerical computation techniques have been discussed in this thesis. Insulation performance analysis is the basic and key process for high voltage SF6 circuit breaker and other GIS, so numerical computation of electrics field plays very important role. For high voltage SF6 circuit breaker with multi-dielectric media and complex structure, it's the key for solving the problem by establishing suitable mathematical model, applying the numerical computation methods with high precision and efficiency, In this thesis, based on the analysis of characteristics of common numerical computation methods and aiming at the real structure of the SF6 circuit breaker products, conventional charge simulation method has been applied to analyze the 3D electric field. Taking the nozzle, parallel capacitor and shading cover into consideration in the calculation. Based on it, for solving disadvantage of contrived interfe
re of the conventional charge simulation method, it's the first time to propose the optimization charge simulation method in this thesis, and numerical computation for the demonstrated example have been achieved to verify the feasibility and validity. Furthermore, a novel combined finite element method and charge simulation method has been proposed in this thesis for realizing the electric field computation of open boundary problem.
Modeling of dynamic electric arc and analyzing on the electric arc dynamic characteristics during the interrupting process. It's key problem for establishing the precise electric arc dynamic model and studying the dielectric recovery characteristics and interrupting performance. This thesis proposed the 2D dynamic arc model by using the equivalent element method and physical and mathematical model coupling with gas flow field. Numerical computation of the dynamic variation of the arc have been completed in the process of before current zero, after current zero and approaching zero to simulate the arc dynamic variation during the interruption process for the high voltage SF6 circuit breaker.
Investigation on the gas flow field with viscous, active, stride-sonic, compressible for high voltage SFs circuit breaker. An improved finite volume technique and total variation diminish scheme has been presented for solving the numerical problem with complex flow gas and space time processing synchronously, based on analysis of some numerical method for increasing the convergence, precise and strong capture capacity of shock wave. And based on the simulation of dynamic arc characteristics during the interrupting process, the interactive mechanism of the arc and high velocity gas flow has been deeply analyzed, the variation of the gas flow parameters under the condition of arc clogging and interaction of arc and shock wave have been studied. A theoretical basis has been provided for improving the dielectric recovery
characteristics of high voltage circuit breaker.
Optimization of the nozzle based on the computation of inverse problem of electric
field/gas flow field. Based on the calculation of dielectric recovery characteristics of different kinds of nozzle, the optimization scheme of nozzle has been proposed i
本文在阅读了大量国内外参考文献资料的基础上，归纳总结了国内外高压SF_6断路器的众多专家学者的研究成果，从高压SF_6断路器的应用现状和当前研究的热点、难点问题出发，结合国内高压SF_6断路器的发展需求，进行了部分关键技术问题的研究。
高压SF_6断路器三维电场仿真以及数值求解方法的研究。对于高压SF_6断路器以及其它的开关电器来说，绝缘性能分析是最基本也是最为重要的环节，而基于电场的数值计算是绝缘设计的重要途径。对于含有多重介质、复杂结构的高压SF_6断路器，通过构造合理的数学模型，研究高精度、高求解效率的电场数值求解方法是解决问题的关键。本文针对高压SF_6断路器的实际产品结构，采用传统模拟电荷法进行断路器3D电场数值分析。并在此基础上，针对传统模拟电荷法在具体应用过程中人为干预的问题，首次将遗传算法引入模拟电荷法的布点设计中，提出了智能优化模拟电荷法的新方法，并对具体实例进行电场数值求解，验证其可行性和有效性。同时，实现了有限元和模拟电荷法耦合求解无限远场域问题，提出了实现无界场域电场的高精度数值求解的一种新思路。
动态电弧模型的建立以及开断过程电弧动态特性的研究。电弧动态模型的准确建立对于研究分析高压SF_6断路器的介质恢复特性和开断性能是必不可少的关键问题。在讨论高压SF_6断路器电弧模型发展历程的基础上，为克服传统电弧模型中电弧与气流相互作用体现不足以及电弧动态特性反映不足的问题，本文首次提出了等效单元体法的二维动态电弧模型及其与气流场耦合的物理数学模型。对电流零前、过零期间以及零后的电弧动态变化进行数值求解，实现了高压SF_6断路器开断过程电弧动态变化的仿真模拟。
高精度有粘、可压缩、有源、跨音速气流场求解的研究。针对高压SF_6断路器气流场求解的复杂性和特殊性，在对常用气流场数值求解方法应用特点分析的基础上，本文采用改进的有限体积TVD格式进行断路器气流场数值求解，提高了解的收敛性、准确性和激波的捕捉能力。在断路器开断过程动态电弧特性仿真的基础上，深入解析了电弧与高速气流的相互作用机理，研究了电弧堵塞情况下喷口气流参数的变化，电弧与激波的
沈阳工业大学博士学位论文
摘要
相互作用等。为进一步研究断路器如何合理利用电弧自身能量有效吹弧，提高断路器介
质恢复特性等的研究提供了充分的理论基础。
喷口结构电场/气流场逆问题求解研究。本文在对不同喷口结构断路器短路开断下
介质恢复特性计算的基础上，首次进行了基于电场/气流场的高压S氏断路器喷口结构优
化设计。以喷口型面为优化设计变量，以断路器介质恢复特性为优化设计目标，采用改
进的Powell方法作为喷口优化设计方法。并将所求得的优化喷口型面结构在空载开断
下进行了介质恢复特性的校核，证明了本文所提出的基于电场/气流场祸合场逆问题求
解的正确性和有效性。
本文在计算全程采用了计算机图形可视化支持，形成了集高压S凡断路器电弧动态
模型、电场/气流场祸合求解的计算分析软件包。
The first decades of this century, there is an increasing development for the electrical power system. And the power system will face the great challenges. High voltage SF6 circuit breaker has been considered as the important electrical equipment. The investigation of its key technology covers several subjects, such as electromagnetic, heat and mechanical fields. Focus on it to have theoretical study will have realistic significance for increasing the design level of switch industry.
Based on large number of the domestic and overseas references, this thesis concludes the research contributions of many experts and scholars, the current hot problems, combining the developing demand for high voltage SF6 circuit breaker, some key technical problems have been studied.
3D electric field simulation of high voltage SF6 circuit breaker and numerical computation method. Firstly, the numerical computation techniques have been discussed in this thesis. Insulation performance analysis is the basic and key process for high voltage SF6 circuit breaker and other GIS, so numerical computation of electrics field plays very important role. For high voltage SF6 circuit breaker with multi-dielectric media and complex structure, it's the key for solving the problem by establishing suitable mathematical model, applying the numerical computation methods with high precision and efficiency, In this thesis, based on the analysis of characteristics of common numerical computation methods and aiming at the real structure of the SF6 circuit breaker products, conventional charge simulation method has been applied to analyze the 3D electric field. Taking the nozzle, parallel capacitor and shading cover into consideration in the calculation. Based on it, for solving disadvantage of contrived interfe
re of the conventional charge simulation method, it's the first time to propose the optimization charge simulation method in this thesis, and numerical computation for the demonstrated example have been achieved to verify the feasibility and validity. Furthermore, a novel combined finite element method and charge simulation method has been proposed in this thesis for realizing the electric field computation of open boundary problem.
Modeling of dynamic electric arc and analyzing on the electric arc dynamic characteristics during the interrupting process. It's key problem for establishing the precise electric arc dynamic model and studying the dielectric recovery characteristics and interrupting performance. This thesis proposed the 2D dynamic arc model by using the equivalent element method and physical and mathematical model coupling with gas flow field. Numerical computation of the dynamic variation of the arc have been completed in the process of before current zero, after current zero and approaching zero to simulate the arc dynamic variation during the interruption process for the high voltage SF6 circuit breaker.
Investigation on the gas flow field with viscous, active, stride-sonic, compressible for high voltage SFs circuit breaker. An improved finite volume technique and total variation diminish scheme has been presented for solving the numerical problem with complex flow gas and space time processing synchronously, based on analysis of some numerical method for increasing the convergence, precise and strong capture capacity of shock wave. And based on the simulation of dynamic arc characteristics during the interrupting process, the interactive mechanism of the arc and high velocity gas flow has been deeply analyzed, the variation of the gas flow parameters under the condition of arc clogging and interaction of arc and shock wave have been studied. A theoretical basis has been provided for improving the dielectric recovery
characteristics of high voltage circuit breaker.
Optimization of the nozzle based on the computation of inverse problem of electric
field/gas flow field. Based on the calculation of dielectric recovery characteristics of different kinds of nozzle, the optimization scheme of nozzle has been proposed i
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