ZT-FDTD法分析航天器再入等离子鞘套对通信信号的影响
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摘要
高压会在表面形成包覆着飞行器的等离子体鞘套。等离子体鞘套会对通过其中的无线信号产生吸收和反射等作用过程,严重影响航天器与外界通信。
根据等离子体鞘套结构及其电磁特性,本文选用Z变换时域有限差分方法(ZT-FDTD)进行信道建模,来研究通信信号通过等离子体鞘套时的吸收、反射和透射等情况。首先,以麦克斯韦基本方程组为基础,结合等离子体鞘套模型边界条件,得到了适合于在等离子体鞘套中传播的公式,并且使所得公式具有普适性。
其次,给出了ZT-FDTD算法的详细推导过程,建立了算法模型并在VC中编程实现。计算了等离子体层的反射和透射系数,并将计算结果与解析方法计算结果利用MATLAB作图进行对比分析。在此基础上,又进一步将ZT-FDTD方法推广到三维空间中,并在三维空间中分析了电磁信号透过等离子体层的传播。
随后,根据对常用航天器等离子鞘套的分析,修正了等离子体鞘套电子双指数分布模型,利用ZT-FDTD方法根据修正后的双指数分布模型进行信道建模,编程实现并分析了不同载波频率的信号通过等离子体鞘套的情况。
最后,编程实现了含有噪声和等离子体鞘套的通信系统,并仿真计算了再入等离子体鞘套对通信信号的吸收、反射和透射以及对通信系统误码率的影响。研究工作主要有三方面:
1、将ZT-FDTD法从一维空间推广到三维空间中,编程实现了在上下行链路两种情况下计算区域内入射波的加入;
2、利用ZT-FDTD法进行通信信道模型建模,并用来分析等离子鞘套对通信信号的影响;
3、修正了等离子体鞘套双指数分布模型,将其引入到计算空间中并利用一维辅助数组实现了等离子体鞘套在总场区域和散射场区域间的分割。
When space vehicles (such as satellite, missile, space shuttle and the reentry module of the spacecraft. etc) reentry atmosphere at hypersonic speed, a plasma sheath enveloping the spacecraft begins to come into being. The sheath is composed of plasma, and the plasma is a medium which will exert influence on communication of vehicles, such as absorption and reflection etc.
According to the structure of the plasma sheath and the electromagnetic characteristics, Finite Difference Time Domain using Z-Transform method (ZT-FDTD) will be adopted to study the absorption, reflection and transmission of communication signals.
At first, the formula derivation combined with the boundary condition of the plasma sheath model, based on the Maxwell equations, is executed to obtain the equations which are suitable for propagating in plasma sheath, and the equations have the property of universality.
Secondly, the ZT-FDTD algorithm and the programming in VC are described in detail to calculate the coefficient of reflection and transmission, a comparative analysis between the calculation results and the results of analytical method is given in MATLAB. On this basis, ZT-FDTD is extended to the three-dimensional space to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic wave through the plasma slab.
And then, the double exponential model of plasma sheath’electron is improved, which is based on the analysis of the common space vehicles, and that the signals with different frequency propagate through plasma sheath modeled by ZT-FDTD method are programmed.
Finally, the communication system with the noise and the plasma sheath is realized to calculate the absorption, reflection and transmission of the signals through plasma sheath and the influence of the plasma sheath on the bit error rate of the communication system.
The research work mainly embodies in the three aspects as follows:
1. ZT-FDTD is extended to the three-dimensional space to realize simulating the uplink and downlink of the communication system with the incident wave added in the calculation region.
2. The communication channel is modeled using the ZT-FDTD method to analyze the influence of the plasma sheath on the communication signals.
3. Improve the electron double exponential model of the plasma sheath, add the model to the calculation region and realize the segmentation between the Total Field and the Scattered Field by using one-dimensional auxiliary array.
根据等离子体鞘套结构及其电磁特性,本文选用Z变换时域有限差分方法(ZT-FDTD)进行信道建模,来研究通信信号通过等离子体鞘套时的吸收、反射和透射等情况。首先,以麦克斯韦基本方程组为基础,结合等离子体鞘套模型边界条件,得到了适合于在等离子体鞘套中传播的公式,并且使所得公式具有普适性。
其次,给出了ZT-FDTD算法的详细推导过程,建立了算法模型并在VC中编程实现。计算了等离子体层的反射和透射系数,并将计算结果与解析方法计算结果利用MATLAB作图进行对比分析。在此基础上,又进一步将ZT-FDTD方法推广到三维空间中,并在三维空间中分析了电磁信号透过等离子体层的传播。
随后,根据对常用航天器等离子鞘套的分析,修正了等离子体鞘套电子双指数分布模型,利用ZT-FDTD方法根据修正后的双指数分布模型进行信道建模,编程实现并分析了不同载波频率的信号通过等离子体鞘套的情况。
最后,编程实现了含有噪声和等离子体鞘套的通信系统,并仿真计算了再入等离子体鞘套对通信信号的吸收、反射和透射以及对通信系统误码率的影响。研究工作主要有三方面:
1、将ZT-FDTD法从一维空间推广到三维空间中,编程实现了在上下行链路两种情况下计算区域内入射波的加入;
2、利用ZT-FDTD法进行通信信道模型建模,并用来分析等离子鞘套对通信信号的影响;
3、修正了等离子体鞘套双指数分布模型,将其引入到计算空间中并利用一维辅助数组实现了等离子体鞘套在总场区域和散射场区域间的分割。
When space vehicles (such as satellite, missile, space shuttle and the reentry module of the spacecraft. etc) reentry atmosphere at hypersonic speed, a plasma sheath enveloping the spacecraft begins to come into being. The sheath is composed of plasma, and the plasma is a medium which will exert influence on communication of vehicles, such as absorption and reflection etc.
According to the structure of the plasma sheath and the electromagnetic characteristics, Finite Difference Time Domain using Z-Transform method (ZT-FDTD) will be adopted to study the absorption, reflection and transmission of communication signals.
At first, the formula derivation combined with the boundary condition of the plasma sheath model, based on the Maxwell equations, is executed to obtain the equations which are suitable for propagating in plasma sheath, and the equations have the property of universality.
Secondly, the ZT-FDTD algorithm and the programming in VC are described in detail to calculate the coefficient of reflection and transmission, a comparative analysis between the calculation results and the results of analytical method is given in MATLAB. On this basis, ZT-FDTD is extended to the three-dimensional space to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic wave through the plasma slab.
And then, the double exponential model of plasma sheath’electron is improved, which is based on the analysis of the common space vehicles, and that the signals with different frequency propagate through plasma sheath modeled by ZT-FDTD method are programmed.
Finally, the communication system with the noise and the plasma sheath is realized to calculate the absorption, reflection and transmission of the signals through plasma sheath and the influence of the plasma sheath on the bit error rate of the communication system.
The research work mainly embodies in the three aspects as follows:
1. ZT-FDTD is extended to the three-dimensional space to realize simulating the uplink and downlink of the communication system with the incident wave added in the calculation region.
2. The communication channel is modeled using the ZT-FDTD method to analyze the influence of the plasma sheath on the communication signals.
3. Improve the electron double exponential model of the plasma sheath, add the model to the calculation region and realize the segmentation between the Total Field and the Scattered Field by using one-dimensional auxiliary array.
引文
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