大型水轮发电机的低成本设计研究
摘要
电机,顾名思义,其分为两方面,即“电磁”和“机械”的两方面,如何从“电磁”和“机械”两方面统筹考虑,取得一个最佳的结合,是电机设计者的重要考虑点。
水轮发电机是水电站的关键设备,大型水轮发电机成本巨大,优化空间大,本文通过作者的实践经验,结合电磁设计和机械结构两方面对大型水轮发电机的低成本设计作了系统的分析和研究,文中列举了大量的分析数据、设计实例。首先对水力发电与水轮发电机的设计概况作了综述,论述了大型水轮发电机设计当中面临的实际问题,特别是成本与性能的平衡问题。
接着分析了大型水轮发电机的成本结构,提出了低成本的设计思路。并通过分析水轮发电机电磁设计特点,讨论了如何经济的选择适当的电磁参数,以符合大型水轮发电机通用设计规范,并总结了如何快速确定电机的主要尺寸的方法。
然后,针对水轮发电机的重要部件,如定子、转子、以及主轴、轴承、机架等主要结构件的设计进行了阐述,提出了有效降低成本的具体做法。最后,还对影响发电机成本的其他因素,如材料、通风冷却、标准、运输、制造工艺、环境、试验等进行了讨论。
本文所探讨的关于大型水轮发电机的低成本设计方法简明而不失全面,容易理解且实践性很强。特别对于大型水轮发电机在总体设计阶段,采用本文提出的方法,可以有效、快速、总体掌握设计要点以较低的成本实现设计。
全文通过具体的设计实例,总结了大型水轮发电机的低成本设计方法,以图能抛砖引玉,为有效控制大型水轮发电机的成本,平衡性能和成本的关系提供借鉴。
Just as its name implies, the electro-machine is composed of electromagnetism and mechanism. For the hydro-generator designer, the most important point is how to get the best conjunction by taking into account the electromagnetism and mechanism. The hydro-generator is the key equipment of hydro-power plant, its cost is very high and has large optimization room. Based on the author’s practical experience, this paper analyzed and investigated systemically the lower cost design methods of hydro-generator in the aspect of electromagnetism and mechanism, this paper also lists a lot of datum and design examples.
First, this paper summarized the status of large hydro-generator design, introduced the fact issues about large hydro-generator design, especially how to balance the cost and performance.
Secondly, this paper discussed how to choice economically the proper parameter by analyzing the character of the hydro-generator design, so as to ensure the whole design in line with the common norms on large hydro-generator, and summarized the ways how to decide the main dimensions.
Then, the design concepts of important structure parts, such as stator, rotor, main shaft, bearing, bracket, etc. have been discussed, and presented the practical design method to lower the cost of these structures.
Finally, the other factors which may influence the cost of large hydro-generator have been discussed, such as the material, ventilation, norm, transportation, industry, environment, test, etc.
All these design methods are concise but completed, it is easy to understand and practicable, and especially applicable for the basic design of large hydro-generator, it is helpful for designer to grasp the key point rapidly and effectively in design stage.
This paper summarized the methods how to design the large hydro-generator with lower cost by examples, the purpose of this paper is to be used for reference to control effectively the cost of large hydro-generator and balance the performance and cost.
水轮发电机是水电站的关键设备,大型水轮发电机成本巨大,优化空间大,本文通过作者的实践经验,结合电磁设计和机械结构两方面对大型水轮发电机的低成本设计作了系统的分析和研究,文中列举了大量的分析数据、设计实例。首先对水力发电与水轮发电机的设计概况作了综述,论述了大型水轮发电机设计当中面临的实际问题,特别是成本与性能的平衡问题。
接着分析了大型水轮发电机的成本结构,提出了低成本的设计思路。并通过分析水轮发电机电磁设计特点,讨论了如何经济的选择适当的电磁参数,以符合大型水轮发电机通用设计规范,并总结了如何快速确定电机的主要尺寸的方法。
然后,针对水轮发电机的重要部件,如定子、转子、以及主轴、轴承、机架等主要结构件的设计进行了阐述,提出了有效降低成本的具体做法。最后,还对影响发电机成本的其他因素,如材料、通风冷却、标准、运输、制造工艺、环境、试验等进行了讨论。
本文所探讨的关于大型水轮发电机的低成本设计方法简明而不失全面,容易理解且实践性很强。特别对于大型水轮发电机在总体设计阶段,采用本文提出的方法,可以有效、快速、总体掌握设计要点以较低的成本实现设计。
全文通过具体的设计实例,总结了大型水轮发电机的低成本设计方法,以图能抛砖引玉,为有效控制大型水轮发电机的成本,平衡性能和成本的关系提供借鉴。
Just as its name implies, the electro-machine is composed of electromagnetism and mechanism. For the hydro-generator designer, the most important point is how to get the best conjunction by taking into account the electromagnetism and mechanism. The hydro-generator is the key equipment of hydro-power plant, its cost is very high and has large optimization room. Based on the author’s practical experience, this paper analyzed and investigated systemically the lower cost design methods of hydro-generator in the aspect of electromagnetism and mechanism, this paper also lists a lot of datum and design examples.
First, this paper summarized the status of large hydro-generator design, introduced the fact issues about large hydro-generator design, especially how to balance the cost and performance.
Secondly, this paper discussed how to choice economically the proper parameter by analyzing the character of the hydro-generator design, so as to ensure the whole design in line with the common norms on large hydro-generator, and summarized the ways how to decide the main dimensions.
Then, the design concepts of important structure parts, such as stator, rotor, main shaft, bearing, bracket, etc. have been discussed, and presented the practical design method to lower the cost of these structures.
Finally, the other factors which may influence the cost of large hydro-generator have been discussed, such as the material, ventilation, norm, transportation, industry, environment, test, etc.
All these design methods are concise but completed, it is easy to understand and practicable, and especially applicable for the basic design of large hydro-generator, it is helpful for designer to grasp the key point rapidly and effectively in design stage.
This paper summarized the methods how to design the large hydro-generator with lower cost by examples, the purpose of this paper is to be used for reference to control effectively the cost of large hydro-generator and balance the performance and cost.
引文
[1]陈锡芳,水轮发电机结构运行监测与维修,北京:中国水利出版社,2008
[2]白延年,水轮发电机设计与计算,北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[3]陈世坤,电机设计,北京:机械工业出版社,1984
[4]陈世元,黄士鹏,交流电机的绕组理论,北京:中国电力出版社,2007
[5]陈铁华,赵万清,郭岩,水轮发电机原理及运行,北京:中国水利出版社,2009
[6]付岚贵,金兰英,大型水轮发电机定子线棒绝缘厚度减薄研究,绝缘材料通讯,2000-3:31~35
[7]杨仕友,多段圆弧极靴水轮发电机极弧优化、参数计算和动态性能研究(博士论文),沈阳工业大学,1995-5
[8]胡之光,电机电磁场的分析与计算,第1版,北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[9]汤蕴缪,罗应立,梁艳萍,电机学,北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[10]汤蕴缪,史乃,沈文豹,电机理论与运行,北京:水利出版社,1983
[11]许实章,电机学,北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[12]许实章,交流电机绕组理论,北京:机械工业出版社,1985
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB/T7894-2001,水轮发电机基本技术条件,北京:中国标准出版社,2001-07-12
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB156-2003,标准电压,北京:中国标准出版社,2003-09-15
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督局,GB755-2000,旋转电机定额和性能,北京:中国标准出版社,2000-01-03
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB/T8564-2003,水轮发电机组安装技术规范,北京:中国标准出版社,2004-03-01
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会,GB/T1029-2005,三相同步电机试验方法,北京:中国标准出版社,2005-08-26
[18] A.梅尔霍夫,大型水轮发电机设计的现代工具软件与实践,国际水力发电,2004(3):36~39
[19]哈尔滨电工学院电机教研室,三相不对称绕组分数槽绕组,大电机技术,1977,(2):26~46
[20] A.Merkouf,采用先进技术完成的大型水轮发电机设计,国外大电机,2005(4):1~3
[21]刘工直,李志和,Axel Fuerst,斜元件在三峡水轮发电机设计中的应用,中国三峡建设,2002(3):11~14
[22]刘聿拯,张曙明,袁益超,发电机通风计算解法研究,大电机技术,2005(2):5~9
[23]张日强,宋文谦,大型交流电机定子线棒换位技术综述,大电机技术,2000(1):22~23
[24]铎林,邓斌,三峡水轮发电机设计特点,东方电机,2004(3):71~77
[25]张连彬,杨玺印,三峡左岸ALSTOM集团水轮发电机设计制造结构和安装特点简介,大电机技术,2004(6):35~38
[26]刘公直,冷晓梅,小浪底水轮发电机设计总结,大电机技术,2001(5):1~14
[27]丁舜年,大型水轮发电机的发热与冷却,北京:科学出版社,1992
[28]梅祖彦,抽水蓄能发电技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[29]沙锡林,贯流式水电站,北京:中国水利出版社,1999
[30]田树棠,贯流式水轮发电机组及其选择方法,北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[31]赵士和,我国抽水蓄能电站的现状和展望,2004年全国抽水蓄能学术年会论文集,南京:中国水力发电机工程学会,2004
[32]黄源芳,水电机组修复与现代化改造,武汉:长江出版社,2008
[33]陈世元,电机学,北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[2]白延年,水轮发电机设计与计算,北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[3]陈世坤,电机设计,北京:机械工业出版社,1984
[4]陈世元,黄士鹏,交流电机的绕组理论,北京:中国电力出版社,2007
[5]陈铁华,赵万清,郭岩,水轮发电机原理及运行,北京:中国水利出版社,2009
[6]付岚贵,金兰英,大型水轮发电机定子线棒绝缘厚度减薄研究,绝缘材料通讯,2000-3:31~35
[7]杨仕友,多段圆弧极靴水轮发电机极弧优化、参数计算和动态性能研究(博士论文),沈阳工业大学,1995-5
[8]胡之光,电机电磁场的分析与计算,第1版,北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[9]汤蕴缪,罗应立,梁艳萍,电机学,北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[10]汤蕴缪,史乃,沈文豹,电机理论与运行,北京:水利出版社,1983
[11]许实章,电机学,北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[12]许实章,交流电机绕组理论,北京:机械工业出版社,1985
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB/T7894-2001,水轮发电机基本技术条件,北京:中国标准出版社,2001-07-12
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB156-2003,标准电压,北京:中国标准出版社,2003-09-15
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督局,GB755-2000,旋转电机定额和性能,北京:中国标准出版社,2000-01-03
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB/T8564-2003,水轮发电机组安装技术规范,北京:中国标准出版社,2004-03-01
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会,GB/T1029-2005,三相同步电机试验方法,北京:中国标准出版社,2005-08-26
[18] A.梅尔霍夫,大型水轮发电机设计的现代工具软件与实践,国际水力发电,2004(3):36~39
[19]哈尔滨电工学院电机教研室,三相不对称绕组分数槽绕组,大电机技术,1977,(2):26~46
[20] A.Merkouf,采用先进技术完成的大型水轮发电机设计,国外大电机,2005(4):1~3
[21]刘工直,李志和,Axel Fuerst,斜元件在三峡水轮发电机设计中的应用,中国三峡建设,2002(3):11~14
[22]刘聿拯,张曙明,袁益超,发电机通风计算解法研究,大电机技术,2005(2):5~9
[23]张日强,宋文谦,大型交流电机定子线棒换位技术综述,大电机技术,2000(1):22~23
[24]铎林,邓斌,三峡水轮发电机设计特点,东方电机,2004(3):71~77
[25]张连彬,杨玺印,三峡左岸ALSTOM集团水轮发电机设计制造结构和安装特点简介,大电机技术,2004(6):35~38
[26]刘公直,冷晓梅,小浪底水轮发电机设计总结,大电机技术,2001(5):1~14
[27]丁舜年,大型水轮发电机的发热与冷却,北京:科学出版社,1992
[28]梅祖彦,抽水蓄能发电技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[29]沙锡林,贯流式水电站,北京:中国水利出版社,1999
[30]田树棠,贯流式水轮发电机组及其选择方法,北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[31]赵士和,我国抽水蓄能电站的现状和展望,2004年全国抽水蓄能学术年会论文集,南京:中国水力发电机工程学会,2004
[32]黄源芳,水电机组修复与现代化改造,武汉:长江出版社,2008
[33]陈世元,电机学,北京:中国电力出版社,2004