双整流器并联输出双绕组永磁同步风力发电机的研究
|
摘要
永磁同步发电机在小型风力发电中已经有很广泛的应用,对于永磁同步发电机各个方面的研究,均是希望在各项条件相同的情况下,尽可能的提高输出功率。因此本文提出双整流器并联输出结构的永磁同步发电机,通过双绕组的配置,使系统具有功率密度高、效率高、制造成本低等优点。课题主要就电机运行机理、设计方法、参数优化、系统仿真及实验研究进行展开。
首先,在分析双绕组永磁同步发电机结构原理的基础上,推导绕组的自感和互感表达式、电流方程和电压方程、气隙谐波磁势与绕组谐波电流的关系,建立了双绕组永磁同步发电机的数学模型。通过叠加定理,研究三相与六相双绕组气隙合成磁势对电机涡流损耗的影响,探讨六相双绕组发电机方案优越性。
其次,对该结构发电机的设计方法进行深入研究,根据该种发电机性能指标、输入参数及设计过程要求,研究整流负载发电机与交流负载发电机在参数设计上的差异。提出该种电机基本参数的具体设计方法,并对电机的结构尺寸、极槽配合、绕组参数及永磁体参数等进行设计优化。
然后,通过有限元仿真计算,研究双绕组发电机的磁场分布、电磁特性及电机性能。将仿真计算与解析计算结果进行比较分析,研究系统在双整流器条件下,发电机的转子结构和绕组相位对系统性能的影响。
最后,制作一台样机,并对其进行实验测试研究,分析发电机的实际运行特性,通过与仿真结果比较相电流各谐波幅值与基波的比值来检验其是否达到性能指标要求。
Permanent magnet synchronous generator in small wind power generation has a very wide range of applications, objectives for all aspects of the study on permanent magnet synchronous generators were to improve output power as much as possible with the same circumstances. Therefore, this paper proposes a permanent magnet synchronous generator with dual rectifier parallel output, through the double-winding configuration, the system has high power density, high efficiency, and low cost. The content of this paper is mainly about the following aspects:
First, the structure and principle of permanent magnet synchronous generator with double-winding is analyzed and a mathematical model is established. Including the identification of the expression of the winding self and mutual inductances, the current equation and voltage equations, the relationship between the air gap harmonic magnetic potential and harmonic current windings;
Second, the design method of this structure of generator is studied, including the method to determine the main dimensions and parameters, and the method to determine the size of the permanent magnet, winding turns and other specific design parameters is proposed;
And then to analyze the finite element simulation including magnetic field, electrical output characteristics. The simulation and analytical calculation results are compared to analyze the system under the dual rectifier, the generator rotor winding phase structure and the impact on system performance;
Finally, a prototype has been made, and its experimental has been taken, the actual operating characteristics of the generator have been analyzed, to see whether it meets the performance requirements.
首先,在分析双绕组永磁同步发电机结构原理的基础上,推导绕组的自感和互感表达式、电流方程和电压方程、气隙谐波磁势与绕组谐波电流的关系,建立了双绕组永磁同步发电机的数学模型。通过叠加定理,研究三相与六相双绕组气隙合成磁势对电机涡流损耗的影响,探讨六相双绕组发电机方案优越性。
其次,对该结构发电机的设计方法进行深入研究,根据该种发电机性能指标、输入参数及设计过程要求,研究整流负载发电机与交流负载发电机在参数设计上的差异。提出该种电机基本参数的具体设计方法,并对电机的结构尺寸、极槽配合、绕组参数及永磁体参数等进行设计优化。
然后,通过有限元仿真计算,研究双绕组发电机的磁场分布、电磁特性及电机性能。将仿真计算与解析计算结果进行比较分析,研究系统在双整流器条件下,发电机的转子结构和绕组相位对系统性能的影响。
最后,制作一台样机,并对其进行实验测试研究,分析发电机的实际运行特性,通过与仿真结果比较相电流各谐波幅值与基波的比值来检验其是否达到性能指标要求。
Permanent magnet synchronous generator in small wind power generation has a very wide range of applications, objectives for all aspects of the study on permanent magnet synchronous generators were to improve output power as much as possible with the same circumstances. Therefore, this paper proposes a permanent magnet synchronous generator with dual rectifier parallel output, through the double-winding configuration, the system has high power density, high efficiency, and low cost. The content of this paper is mainly about the following aspects:
First, the structure and principle of permanent magnet synchronous generator with double-winding is analyzed and a mathematical model is established. Including the identification of the expression of the winding self and mutual inductances, the current equation and voltage equations, the relationship between the air gap harmonic magnetic potential and harmonic current windings;
Second, the design method of this structure of generator is studied, including the method to determine the main dimensions and parameters, and the method to determine the size of the permanent magnet, winding turns and other specific design parameters is proposed;
And then to analyze the finite element simulation including magnetic field, electrical output characteristics. The simulation and analytical calculation results are compared to analyze the system under the dual rectifier, the generator rotor winding phase structure and the impact on system performance;
Finally, a prototype has been made, and its experimental has been taken, the actual operating characteristics of the generator have been analyzed, to see whether it meets the performance requirements.
引文
[1]刘锐,刘毅.小型风力发电技术探讨[J].机电信息,2009(36):174-175.
[2]金子轶.独立运行小型风力发电系统的研究[D].大连:大连交通大学,2008:1-2.
[3]王金平,周晓燕,唐任远.离网型低速高效永磁风力发电机的研制[J].中小型电机,2003(4):1-3.
[4]孙红超.离网型永磁同步风力发电机的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009:1-1.
[5]柏建龙.中小型直驱式永磁风力发电机设计及特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006:5-10.
[6]宋金梅,王波,肖海勃.中外常用风力发电技术及风电机概述[J].电气技术,2009(8):79-82.
[7]颜建虎,林鹤云,冯奕.磁通切换型横向磁通永磁风力发电机[J].中国电机工程学报,2010(21):67-72.
[8]丰家辉.新型2kW小型永磁风力发电机设计[D]:广西大学,2008:8-10.
[9]刘细平,林鹤云.风力发电机技术综述[C].中国江苏南京,2006:409-412.
[10]李声晋,马瑞卿,卢刚等. 4kW开关磁阻发电机[J].西北工业大学学报,1999,17(2):327-320.
[11]郑家伟,鲍延杰,董萍等.开关磁阻电机在风力发电中的应用[J].电气技术,2009(8):28-35.
[12] M. Chinchilla, S. Arnaltes, J. C. Burgos. Control of permanent-magnet generators applied to variable-speed wind-energy systems connected to the grid[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2006,21(1):130-135.
[13]廖勇,庄凯,姚骏等.直驱式永磁同步风力发电机双模功率控制策略的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009(33):76-82.
[14]赵仁德,王永军,张加胜.直驱式永磁同步风力发电系统最大功率追踪控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2009(27):106-111.
[15] Liu Ting, Huang Shoudao, Gao Jian. A method for reducing cogging torque by magnet shifting in permanent magnet machines[C] : 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS),2010:1073-1076.
[16] Z. Q. Zhu. A simple method for measuring cogging torque in permanent magnetmachines[C]:IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES '09,2009:1-4.
[17] Guo Zhenhong, Chang Liuchen, Xue Yaosuo. Cogging torque of permanent magnet electric machiens: An overview[C]:Canadian Conference on CCECE '09,2009:1172-1177.
[18] D. Wang, X. Wang, D. Qiaoet al. Reducing Cogging Torque in Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Motors by Non-uniformly Distributed Teeth Method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,PP(99):1.
[19] Yang Yubo, Wang Xiuhe, Zhang Ronget al. Research of cogging torque reduction by different slot width pairing permanent magnet motors[C] : Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on ICEMS 2005,2005:367-370.
[20] M. R. Shah, A. M. El-Refaie. End Effects in Multiphase Fractional Slot Concentrated-Winding Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2010,25(4):1001-1009.
[21] A. M. EL-Refaie. Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Windings Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machines: Opportunities and Challenges[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(1):107-121.
[22] T. Lubin, S. Mezani, A. Rezzoug. 2-D Exact Analytical Model for Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Motors With Semi-Closed Slots[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(2):479-492.
[23] A. M. El-Refaie, T. M. Jahns, P. J. McCleeret al. Experimental verification of optimal flux weakening in surface PM Machines using concentrated windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2006,42(2):443-453.
[24] A. M. El-Refaie, T. M. Jahns, D. W. Novotny. Analysis of surface permanent magnet machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2006,21(1):34-43.
[25] A. M. El-Refaie, M. R. Shah, Qu Ronghaiet al. Effect of Number of Phases on Losses in Conducting Sleeves of Surface PM Machine Rotors Equipped With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(5):1522-1532.
[26] P. B. Reddy, T. M. Jahns, T. P. Bohn. Modeling and analysis of proximitylosses in high-speed surface permanent magnet machines with concentrated windings[C]:IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,2010:996-1003.
[27] P. B. Reddy, T. M. Jahns. Modeling of stator teeth-tip iron losses in fractional-slot concentrated winding surface PM machines[C]:IEEE,2009 ECCE 2009:1903-1910.
[28] G. Ugalde, Z. Q. Zhu, J. Pozaet al. Analysis of rotor eddy current loss in fractional slot permanent magnet machine with solid rotor back-iron[C]:XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines,2010:1-6.
[29] M. R. Shah, A. M. EL-Refaie. Eddy-Current Loss Minimization in Conducting Sleeves of Surface PM Machine Rotors With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Armature Windings by Optimal Axial Segmentation and Copper Cladding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2009,45(2):720-728.
[30] D. Krahenbuhl, C. Zwyssig, K. Bitterliet al. Evaluation of ultra-compact rectifiers for low power, high-speed, permanent-magnet generators[C]:35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics,2009:448-455.
[31]刘万平,赵祥,任修明等.不同整流系统对直驱永磁风力发电机的性能影响及选型评估[J].电机与控制应用,2009(12):17-21.
[32] W. L. Soong, N. Ertugrul. Inverterless high-power interior permanent-magnet automotive alternator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,40(4):1083-1091.
[33] R. Tonkoski, L. A. C. Lopes, F. Dos Reis. A single-switch three-phase boost rectifier to reduce the generator losses in wind energy conversion systems[C]: 2009 IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference,2009:1-8.
[34] H. Haraguchi, S. Morimoto, M. Sanada. Suitable design of a PMSG for a small-scale wind power generator[C]:International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2009:1-6.
[35] V. Zivotic-Kukolj, W. L. Soong, N. Ertugrul. Iron Loss Reduction in an Interior PM Automotive Alternator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2006,42(6):1478-1486.
[36]叶光辉.多相感应电机的设计研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2007:18-21.
[37]李保来,兰建军.带整流负载的同步发电机设计特点[J].防爆电机,2005(4):4-8.
[38]谭建成.三相无刷直流电动机分数槽集中绕组槽极数组合规律研究(连载之一)[J].微电机,2007(12):72-77.
[39]白崟儒.无源型最大风能自动跟踪风力发电系统的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010:55-57.
[40]潘玉玲.分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机电枢反应对永磁体影响分析[D].天津:天津大学,2010:18-30.
[41]刘伟.分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机参数化设计研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008:18-20.
[42]王海峰.专用稀土永磁同步发电机及其DC-DC稳压系统的研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2001:42-44.
[2]金子轶.独立运行小型风力发电系统的研究[D].大连:大连交通大学,2008:1-2.
[3]王金平,周晓燕,唐任远.离网型低速高效永磁风力发电机的研制[J].中小型电机,2003(4):1-3.
[4]孙红超.离网型永磁同步风力发电机的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009:1-1.
[5]柏建龙.中小型直驱式永磁风力发电机设计及特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006:5-10.
[6]宋金梅,王波,肖海勃.中外常用风力发电技术及风电机概述[J].电气技术,2009(8):79-82.
[7]颜建虎,林鹤云,冯奕.磁通切换型横向磁通永磁风力发电机[J].中国电机工程学报,2010(21):67-72.
[8]丰家辉.新型2kW小型永磁风力发电机设计[D]:广西大学,2008:8-10.
[9]刘细平,林鹤云.风力发电机技术综述[C].中国江苏南京,2006:409-412.
[10]李声晋,马瑞卿,卢刚等. 4kW开关磁阻发电机[J].西北工业大学学报,1999,17(2):327-320.
[11]郑家伟,鲍延杰,董萍等.开关磁阻电机在风力发电中的应用[J].电气技术,2009(8):28-35.
[12] M. Chinchilla, S. Arnaltes, J. C. Burgos. Control of permanent-magnet generators applied to variable-speed wind-energy systems connected to the grid[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2006,21(1):130-135.
[13]廖勇,庄凯,姚骏等.直驱式永磁同步风力发电机双模功率控制策略的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009(33):76-82.
[14]赵仁德,王永军,张加胜.直驱式永磁同步风力发电系统最大功率追踪控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2009(27):106-111.
[15] Liu Ting, Huang Shoudao, Gao Jian. A method for reducing cogging torque by magnet shifting in permanent magnet machines[C] : 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS),2010:1073-1076.
[16] Z. Q. Zhu. A simple method for measuring cogging torque in permanent magnetmachines[C]:IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES '09,2009:1-4.
[17] Guo Zhenhong, Chang Liuchen, Xue Yaosuo. Cogging torque of permanent magnet electric machiens: An overview[C]:Canadian Conference on CCECE '09,2009:1172-1177.
[18] D. Wang, X. Wang, D. Qiaoet al. Reducing Cogging Torque in Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Motors by Non-uniformly Distributed Teeth Method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,PP(99):1.
[19] Yang Yubo, Wang Xiuhe, Zhang Ronget al. Research of cogging torque reduction by different slot width pairing permanent magnet motors[C] : Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on ICEMS 2005,2005:367-370.
[20] M. R. Shah, A. M. El-Refaie. End Effects in Multiphase Fractional Slot Concentrated-Winding Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2010,25(4):1001-1009.
[21] A. M. EL-Refaie. Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Windings Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machines: Opportunities and Challenges[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(1):107-121.
[22] T. Lubin, S. Mezani, A. Rezzoug. 2-D Exact Analytical Model for Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Motors With Semi-Closed Slots[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(2):479-492.
[23] A. M. El-Refaie, T. M. Jahns, P. J. McCleeret al. Experimental verification of optimal flux weakening in surface PM Machines using concentrated windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2006,42(2):443-453.
[24] A. M. El-Refaie, T. M. Jahns, D. W. Novotny. Analysis of surface permanent magnet machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2006,21(1):34-43.
[25] A. M. El-Refaie, M. R. Shah, Qu Ronghaiet al. Effect of Number of Phases on Losses in Conducting Sleeves of Surface PM Machine Rotors Equipped With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(5):1522-1532.
[26] P. B. Reddy, T. M. Jahns, T. P. Bohn. Modeling and analysis of proximitylosses in high-speed surface permanent magnet machines with concentrated windings[C]:IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,2010:996-1003.
[27] P. B. Reddy, T. M. Jahns. Modeling of stator teeth-tip iron losses in fractional-slot concentrated winding surface PM machines[C]:IEEE,2009 ECCE 2009:1903-1910.
[28] G. Ugalde, Z. Q. Zhu, J. Pozaet al. Analysis of rotor eddy current loss in fractional slot permanent magnet machine with solid rotor back-iron[C]:XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines,2010:1-6.
[29] M. R. Shah, A. M. EL-Refaie. Eddy-Current Loss Minimization in Conducting Sleeves of Surface PM Machine Rotors With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Armature Windings by Optimal Axial Segmentation and Copper Cladding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2009,45(2):720-728.
[30] D. Krahenbuhl, C. Zwyssig, K. Bitterliet al. Evaluation of ultra-compact rectifiers for low power, high-speed, permanent-magnet generators[C]:35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics,2009:448-455.
[31]刘万平,赵祥,任修明等.不同整流系统对直驱永磁风力发电机的性能影响及选型评估[J].电机与控制应用,2009(12):17-21.
[32] W. L. Soong, N. Ertugrul. Inverterless high-power interior permanent-magnet automotive alternator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,40(4):1083-1091.
[33] R. Tonkoski, L. A. C. Lopes, F. Dos Reis. A single-switch three-phase boost rectifier to reduce the generator losses in wind energy conversion systems[C]: 2009 IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference,2009:1-8.
[34] H. Haraguchi, S. Morimoto, M. Sanada. Suitable design of a PMSG for a small-scale wind power generator[C]:International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2009:1-6.
[35] V. Zivotic-Kukolj, W. L. Soong, N. Ertugrul. Iron Loss Reduction in an Interior PM Automotive Alternator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2006,42(6):1478-1486.
[36]叶光辉.多相感应电机的设计研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2007:18-21.
[37]李保来,兰建军.带整流负载的同步发电机设计特点[J].防爆电机,2005(4):4-8.
[38]谭建成.三相无刷直流电动机分数槽集中绕组槽极数组合规律研究(连载之一)[J].微电机,2007(12):72-77.
[39]白崟儒.无源型最大风能自动跟踪风力发电系统的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010:55-57.
[40]潘玉玲.分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机电枢反应对永磁体影响分析[D].天津:天津大学,2010:18-30.
[41]刘伟.分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机参数化设计研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008:18-20.
[42]王海峰.专用稀土永磁同步发电机及其DC-DC稳压系统的研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2001:42-44.