T/R-R高频地波雷达探测范围分析及目标配对算法研究
|
摘要
T/R-R雷达系统是单基地雷达与双基地雷达相结合的一种复合雷达系统,由一部发射机和两部分置的接收机构成,其中一部接收机与发射机同址。高频地波雷达(HFSWR)可以对海面和空中目标超视距探测,具有反隐身、反超低空突袭、抗反辐射导弹的能力。双基地地雷达具有较强的抗电子干扰、抗打击、隐蔽性好等特点。因此,T/R-R高频地波雷达系统将具有单基地和双基地高频地波雷达的优点,不仅能提高目标发现、跟踪能力,而且系统部署灵活,同时进一步扩大了探测范围,因此引起人们广泛重视。本文主要对T/R-R地高频地波雷达探测范围、目标定位及目标配对算法进行了研究。
本文首先分析了高频地波雷达方程,分析影响高频地波雷达性能的环境因素,包括海杂波、大气噪声、电离层杂波以及通信、雷电等干扰。根据高频地波雷达白天与黑夜工作环境不同,分别提出了白天和黑夜高频地波雷达探测范围确定方法并根据实际工程需要通过计算机仿真计算了T/R-R高频地波雷达探测范围。
其次,根据T/R-R高频地波雷达测得目标的四个参数(即距离和、目标至发射站距离、发射基地和接收基地的目标视角)对目标定位。分别研究了目标平面定位和球面定位。根据平面定位方程,分析了平面定位精度。首次提出了高频地波雷达球面定位算法并分析了球面定位精度。比较了T/R-R高频地波雷达平面定位较之于球面定位定位误差。分析并仿真了线性最小二乘算法、加权最小二乘算法、非线性最小二乘算法等定位算法。由于传统球面定位定位误差协方差矩阵为奇异矩阵,提出一种球表面定位误差协方差矩阵,并以此作为衡量球面定位误差大小标准。针对线性最小二乘算法在方位角为直角时定位精度很差的情况,提出一种改进的线性最小二乘算法,有效提高了上述区域的定位精度。
最后,针对由于诸多原因而导致T/R站与R站对同一目标的不同定位,提出了全局最小残差和算法。仿真结果表明,这种方法能够对目标配对优于传统最近临域法。关于目标配对算法,亟待进一步研究。
The T/R-R radar system is a compound system of monostatic radar and bistatic radar, including a transmitter and two receivers, one of which is co-located with the transmitter. High frequency surface wave radar which can detect targets over the horizon bears the abilities in anti-stealth, anti-low altitude attack, anti-radiate missile. Bistatic radar has strong advantages in anti-electronic jamming, anti-attack and well concealment. The T/R-R HFSWR combines the merits of HFSWR and bistatic radar, which improves the ability of target finding and enlarges the detection range. This thesis mainly study and discuss detection range, target positioning and target matching of T/R-R HFSWR
Firstly, the HFSWR equation is analysed and the factors affecting the target detection are discussed, which consist of sea clutter, ionosphere clutter, environment noise, radio interference, meteor-trail clutter. Owning to the different working condition of day and night, different methods are represented to calculate the detection range of HFSWR. Computer simulation of T/R-R HFSWR detection range is made according to the engineering background.
Secondly, according to the four parameters obtained by T/R-R HFSWR, namely the range sum between the transmitter, target and receiver, the range between the transmitter and target, two receiver azimuth, target position can be estimated. Sphere positioning algorithm is first presented in the thesis and its accuracy is simulated. Sphere positioning is compared with plane positioning. Linear least-squares algorithm, weighted least-square algorithm and nonlinear least-square algorithm are applied to the target positioning and simulation results are made. As traditional positioning error covariance matrix is singular, a new positioning error covariance calculation is presented as critera of target positioning error. Because of low positioning accuracy when the amizth is right angle in the linear least square algorithm, an improved linear least square algorithm is presented to improve target positioning effectively.
Finally, if multiple targets are detected in T/R-R system, effective matching method is needed to determine whether target detection results in T/R and T-R system belong to the same target or not. A target matching method is proposed and simulation result shows that this method can match targets effectively.
本文首先分析了高频地波雷达方程,分析影响高频地波雷达性能的环境因素,包括海杂波、大气噪声、电离层杂波以及通信、雷电等干扰。根据高频地波雷达白天与黑夜工作环境不同,分别提出了白天和黑夜高频地波雷达探测范围确定方法并根据实际工程需要通过计算机仿真计算了T/R-R高频地波雷达探测范围。
其次,根据T/R-R高频地波雷达测得目标的四个参数(即距离和、目标至发射站距离、发射基地和接收基地的目标视角)对目标定位。分别研究了目标平面定位和球面定位。根据平面定位方程,分析了平面定位精度。首次提出了高频地波雷达球面定位算法并分析了球面定位精度。比较了T/R-R高频地波雷达平面定位较之于球面定位定位误差。分析并仿真了线性最小二乘算法、加权最小二乘算法、非线性最小二乘算法等定位算法。由于传统球面定位定位误差协方差矩阵为奇异矩阵,提出一种球表面定位误差协方差矩阵,并以此作为衡量球面定位误差大小标准。针对线性最小二乘算法在方位角为直角时定位精度很差的情况,提出一种改进的线性最小二乘算法,有效提高了上述区域的定位精度。
最后,针对由于诸多原因而导致T/R站与R站对同一目标的不同定位,提出了全局最小残差和算法。仿真结果表明,这种方法能够对目标配对优于传统最近临域法。关于目标配对算法,亟待进一步研究。
The T/R-R radar system is a compound system of monostatic radar and bistatic radar, including a transmitter and two receivers, one of which is co-located with the transmitter. High frequency surface wave radar which can detect targets over the horizon bears the abilities in anti-stealth, anti-low altitude attack, anti-radiate missile. Bistatic radar has strong advantages in anti-electronic jamming, anti-attack and well concealment. The T/R-R HFSWR combines the merits of HFSWR and bistatic radar, which improves the ability of target finding and enlarges the detection range. This thesis mainly study and discuss detection range, target positioning and target matching of T/R-R HFSWR
Firstly, the HFSWR equation is analysed and the factors affecting the target detection are discussed, which consist of sea clutter, ionosphere clutter, environment noise, radio interference, meteor-trail clutter. Owning to the different working condition of day and night, different methods are represented to calculate the detection range of HFSWR. Computer simulation of T/R-R HFSWR detection range is made according to the engineering background.
Secondly, according to the four parameters obtained by T/R-R HFSWR, namely the range sum between the transmitter, target and receiver, the range between the transmitter and target, two receiver azimuth, target position can be estimated. Sphere positioning algorithm is first presented in the thesis and its accuracy is simulated. Sphere positioning is compared with plane positioning. Linear least-squares algorithm, weighted least-square algorithm and nonlinear least-square algorithm are applied to the target positioning and simulation results are made. As traditional positioning error covariance matrix is singular, a new positioning error covariance calculation is presented as critera of target positioning error. Because of low positioning accuracy when the amizth is right angle in the linear least square algorithm, an improved linear least square algorithm is presented to improve target positioning effectively.
Finally, if multiple targets are detected in T/R-R system, effective matching method is needed to determine whether target detection results in T/R and T-R system belong to the same target or not. A target matching method is proposed and simulation result shows that this method can match targets effectively.
引文
1 (美)斯科尼科.M.I.雷达手册.谢卓译.北京国防工业出版社. 1978:995~996
2 Nichloas, J. Wills. Bistatic Radar. Technology Service Corporation. Silver Spring. MI. 1995:348~390
3 S.J. Anderson. Stereoscopic and Bistatic Skywave Radars, Assessment of Capabilities and Limitations. Proceedings of Radarcon90. Adelaide. Australia. April, 1990: 305~313
4 S.J. Anderson. Directional Wave Spectrum Measurement with Multistatic HF Surface Wave Radar. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geophysics and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS 2000: 2946~2948
5 S.J. Anderson, P.J. Edwards. Investigation with SECAR- a Bistatic HF Surface Wave Radar. IEEE 2003, Radarcon2003: 717~722
6杨振起,张永顺,骆永军.双(多)基地雷达系统.国防工业出版社. 1998: 1~110
7 HFSWR: the Way forward for Anti-Missile Defence. Maritime Defence. 1996, 21(3):69~70
8 Manuel Martin-Neira, Constantin Mavrocordatos, Enrico Colzi. Study of a Constellation of Bistatic Radar Altimeters for Mesoscale Ocean Applications. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 1998, 11(36-6): 1898~1904
9 L. Ted. Lane, T. Neal, Alexander. The Bistatic Coherent Measurement System (BICOMS). IEEE Trans. 1999:154~160
10吴顺君,孙晓闻,张林让.天地双/多基地雷达及其发展.雷达科学与技术. 2003(6):25~28
11 Research News: Over-The-Horizon (OTH) Maritime Sensor. GEC Journal of Research, 1996, 13(1):54~55
12 Levent Sevgi, Anthony Ponsford, Hing C.Chan. An Integrated Maritime Surveillance System Based on Hgih-Frequency Surface-Wave Radars, Part 1:Theoretical Background and Numerical Simulations. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 2001, 43(4): 28-43
13 Anthony M.Ponsford, Levent Sevgi, Hing C.Chan. An Integrated Maritime Surveillance System Based on High-Frequency Surface-Wave Radars, Part 2: Operational Status and System Performance. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 2001, 43(5): 52-63
14刘春阳,王义雅.高频地波超视距雷达评述.现代防御技术. 2002, 30(6): 39-40.
15 Yongtan Liu, Rongqig Xu and Ning Zhang. Progress in HFSWR Research at Harbin Institute of Technology. Proceedings of the International Conference on Radar.Adelaide, Australia. 2003: 522-528.
16吴世才,杨子杰,文必杨,石振华,田建生,高火涛,吴雄斌.高频地波雷达的东海试验.武汉大学学报(理学版). 2001, 47(1): 111-117
17徐芸.双(多)基地雷达的发展及其应用.探测与定位. 2004(1):93~97
18 Milson, J.D. HF Groundwave Radar Equations. IEE Conference publication 441. 1997, 285-285
19 Liu Yongtan. Target Detection and Tracking with a High Frequency Ground Wave Over-the-horizon Radar. 1996 CIE Conf Radar Pro. 1996, 29-33
20 R.S. Gill. Ground Wave Propagation Program GRWAVE. Marconi Research Centre, 1985.
21 Donald E.Barrick. Theory of HF and VHF propagation across the rough sea 1: The effective surface impedance for a slightly rough highly conducting medium at grazing incidence. Radio Science. 1971, 6(5): 517-526
22 Donald E.Barrick. Theory of HF and VHF propagation across the rough sea 2: Application to HF and VHF propagation above the sea. Radio Science. 6(5): 527-533
23董英凝,张宁,许荣庆.高频地波雷达工作环境对系统性能影响的分析.电波科学报. 2007年4月, 22(2): 325-330.
24王金荣,张宁.高频地波超视距雷达.雷达与对抗. 1994, 3: 1-6.
25焦培南,张忠志.雷达环境与电波传播特性.北京:电子工业出版社. 2007: 32-33,108-109.
26 B.J. Lopa and D.E. Barrick. Extraction of Sea State from HF Radar Sea Echo: Mathematical Theory and Modeling. Radio Science. 1986, 21(1): 81-100.
27 Donald E. Barrick. Theory of HF and VHF Propagation across the Rough Sea and Application to HF and VHF Propagation above the Sea. Radio Science, 1971, 6(5): 527-533.
28 E.W. Gill. The Scattering of High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation from the Ocean Surface: An Analysis Based on a Bistatic Ground Wave Radar Configuration. Doctoral Dissertation of Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Canada. 130-137.
29 E.W.Gill, J.Walsh. High-frequency bistatic cross sections of the ocean surface. Radio Science. 2001, 36(6): 1459-1475
30 Eric Gill, Weimin Huang, John Walsh. On the Development of a Second-Order Bistatic Radar Cross Section of the Ocean Surface: A High-Frequency Result for a Finite Scattering Path. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 2006, 31(4): 740-750
31冀振元,孟宪德,周和秘.高频地波舰载超视距雷达海杂波特性研究.高技术通讯. 20012, 2:40-44.
32梁百先,李钧,马淑英.我国的电离层研究.地球物理学报. 1994, 41(增刊): 51-73
33 S.S.Kirby, L.V.Berkner and D.M.Stuart. Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission, Proceedings of IRE. 1934,22(4):310-314.
34 Defence R&D Cananda. Characterization of Ionospheric Clutter in HF Surface-Wave Radar. 2003.
35赵龙,张宁.高频地波雷达中电离层杂波的自适应抑制.现代雷达. 2005, 27(1): 36-37
36熊新农,柯亨玉,万显荣.基于特征分解的高频地波雷达电离层杂波抑制. 2007, 22(6): 937-940
37陈聪,高火涛,张小妹.高频地波雷达天线阵抗电离层干扰.电波科学学报. 2007, 22(4): 665-669
38黄亮,文必洋,吴立明.姚敏.高频地波雷达电离层干扰抑制研究.电波科学学报. 2007, 22(4): 626-630
39 H. T. Gao, X. Zheng, J Li. Adaptive anti-interference technique using subarrays in HF surface wave radar. IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Naving. 2004, 151(2): 100-104.
40 X. Wan, X. Xiong. F. Cheng. H. Ke. Experimental investigation of directional characteristics for ionospheric clutter in HF surface wave radar. IET Radar Sonar Naving. 2007, 1(2): 124-130
41 Hank Leong. The Potential of bistatic HF surface wave radar system for the surveillance of water-entry area along the coastline. 2006 IEEE Radar Confer. 35-38
42王建涛,张国毅,谭忠吉.高频地波雷达短波电台干扰频谱特性研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2005, 37(7): 1003-1006
43 H.Leong and A.M.Ponsfor. The advantage of dual frequency operation in ship tracking by HFSWR. Proc of SEA RADAR 2004. 2004, 18-22
44侯彪,焦李成.高频地波雷达抗短波通信干扰的研究.宇航学报. 2003, 24(5) : 529-532
45苏洪涛,保铮,张守宏.地波超视距雷达高频通信干扰抑制.西安电子科技大学学报(自然版). 2003, 30(4): 442-445
46苏洪涛,保铮,张守宏.自适应地波超视距雷达高频通信干扰抑制.电波科学学报. 2003, 18(3): 270-285
47毛兴鹏,戴伏生,于长军.高频地波雷达电台干扰的抑制.系统工程与电子技术. 2005, 27(2): 225-228
48 Wan Xianrong, Wen Biyang, Ke Hengyu. Adaptive Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation for HF Surface Wave Radar. 2004 IEEE Radar Conf. 627-630
49 Zhou Hao, Wen Biyang, Wu Shicai. Radio frequency interference suppression in HFradar. Electronic Letters, 2003, 39(12): 925-927
50黄亮,文必洋,邓巍.高频地波雷达抑制瞬态干扰研究.电波科学学报. 2004, 19(2): 166-170
51强勇,侯彪,焦李成,保铮.天波超视距雷达抑制流星余迹干扰方法的研究.电波科学学报. 2003, 18(1):
52邢孟道,保铮,强勇.天波超视距雷达瞬态干扰抑制.电子学报. 2002, 30(6): 823-826
53 G. A. Fabrizio, Y.I.Abramovich, S. J.Anderson, D. A. Gray, M. D. Turley. Adaptive cancellation of nonstationary interference in HF antenna arrays. IEE Proc.-Radar, Sonar Navig, 1998, 145(1): 19-24.
54李高鹏,李雷,许荣庆.基于海杂波保持的高频地波雷达干扰抑制方法研究.电波科学学报. 2005, 20(3): 358-362
55李高鹏,李雷,许荣庆.高频地波雷达干扰抑制方法研究.电子学报. 2005, 33(3): 514-516
56 Gao Huotao, Zheng Xia, Li Jie. A Method for Adaptive Anti-Interference Based on Subarrays in HF Ground Wave Radar. 2003 IEEE Radar Conf. 2003,259-262
57 X.Lu, R.L.Kirlin and J.Wang. Temporal Impulsive Noise Excision In The Range-Doppler Map of HF Radar. 2003 IEEE Radar Conf. 2003,835-838.
58 F.Yu, Y.Shen and Y.Liu. An Effective Method of Anti-Impulsive-Disturbance for Ship-Target Detection in HF Radar. 2001 CIE International Conference on Radar. 2001,372-375
59 Hank Leong, Anthony Ponsford. The Effect of Sea Clutter on the Performance of HF Surface Wave Radar in Ship Detection. 2008 IEEE Radar Conf. 2008.
60谢俊好,李波,仇永斌,张宁. T/R-R高频地波雷达舰船目标探测范围分析.电波科学学报. 2010,25(2):234-239.
61孙仲康.单多基地有源无源定位技术.国防工业出版社. 1996:71~109
62 Farina.A, Hanle.E. Position Accuracy in Netted Monostatic and Bistatic Radar. IEEE Trans. 1983, 19: 513-520.
63笛卡尔.几何第5卷:球面,双曲几何及球面空间.武汉出版社. 1985:535~648
64刘军,杨宏文,郁文贤.优化的多基地雷达线性最小二乘定位方法.电光与控制. 2005, 12(3): 15-18
65刘琪,孙仲康.双基地两坐标雷达定位优化算法.电子学报. 1999, 27(2): 120-123
66陈建春,丁鹭飞.多基地雷达最佳定位算法.西安电子科技大学学报. 1999, 26(4):397~400
67 HeYou, WangGuohong, XiuJianjuan. Redundant Data Compression and LocationAccuracy Analysis in TR-R Bistatic Radar System. Proceedings of ICSP 2000:1951~1955
68何友,王国宏,修建娟,阎红星.双/多基地雷达的组合估计及定位精度分析.电子学报. 2000, 28 (3):15~18.
69 Cheng Hongwei, Sun Zhongkang. A Nonlinear Optimised Location Algorithm for Bistatic Radar System. 1995 IEEE Radar Conf. 1995, 201-205
70栗塔山等.最优化计算原理与算法程序设计.国防科技大学出版社. 2001.
71 Y. Bar-Shalom. On the Track-to-Track Correlation Problem. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, Vol.26, No.2, 1981:571~572
72 C. B. Chang, L. C. Youens. Measurement Correlation for Multiple Sensor Tracking in a Dense Environment. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, Vol. 27, No. 6,1982:1250~1252
73 J. F. Wilson. A Fuzzy Logic Multisenseor Association Algorithm. SPIE, 1997, 3068(3):76~78
74 P. Wide. Fuzzy Logic Data Correlation Approach in Multisensor-Multitarget Tracking System. IEEE Trans. Signal processing, 1999, 76(2):195~209
75方青.雷达组网数据融合处理中的点迹融合技术.现代电子. 2002, 4: 6-12.
2 Nichloas, J. Wills. Bistatic Radar. Technology Service Corporation. Silver Spring. MI. 1995:348~390
3 S.J. Anderson. Stereoscopic and Bistatic Skywave Radars, Assessment of Capabilities and Limitations. Proceedings of Radarcon90. Adelaide. Australia. April, 1990: 305~313
4 S.J. Anderson. Directional Wave Spectrum Measurement with Multistatic HF Surface Wave Radar. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geophysics and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS 2000: 2946~2948
5 S.J. Anderson, P.J. Edwards. Investigation with SECAR- a Bistatic HF Surface Wave Radar. IEEE 2003, Radarcon2003: 717~722
6杨振起,张永顺,骆永军.双(多)基地雷达系统.国防工业出版社. 1998: 1~110
7 HFSWR: the Way forward for Anti-Missile Defence. Maritime Defence. 1996, 21(3):69~70
8 Manuel Martin-Neira, Constantin Mavrocordatos, Enrico Colzi. Study of a Constellation of Bistatic Radar Altimeters for Mesoscale Ocean Applications. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 1998, 11(36-6): 1898~1904
9 L. Ted. Lane, T. Neal, Alexander. The Bistatic Coherent Measurement System (BICOMS). IEEE Trans. 1999:154~160
10吴顺君,孙晓闻,张林让.天地双/多基地雷达及其发展.雷达科学与技术. 2003(6):25~28
11 Research News: Over-The-Horizon (OTH) Maritime Sensor. GEC Journal of Research, 1996, 13(1):54~55
12 Levent Sevgi, Anthony Ponsford, Hing C.Chan. An Integrated Maritime Surveillance System Based on Hgih-Frequency Surface-Wave Radars, Part 1:Theoretical Background and Numerical Simulations. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 2001, 43(4): 28-43
13 Anthony M.Ponsford, Levent Sevgi, Hing C.Chan. An Integrated Maritime Surveillance System Based on High-Frequency Surface-Wave Radars, Part 2: Operational Status and System Performance. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 2001, 43(5): 52-63
14刘春阳,王义雅.高频地波超视距雷达评述.现代防御技术. 2002, 30(6): 39-40.
15 Yongtan Liu, Rongqig Xu and Ning Zhang. Progress in HFSWR Research at Harbin Institute of Technology. Proceedings of the International Conference on Radar.Adelaide, Australia. 2003: 522-528.
16吴世才,杨子杰,文必杨,石振华,田建生,高火涛,吴雄斌.高频地波雷达的东海试验.武汉大学学报(理学版). 2001, 47(1): 111-117
17徐芸.双(多)基地雷达的发展及其应用.探测与定位. 2004(1):93~97
18 Milson, J.D. HF Groundwave Radar Equations. IEE Conference publication 441. 1997, 285-285
19 Liu Yongtan. Target Detection and Tracking with a High Frequency Ground Wave Over-the-horizon Radar. 1996 CIE Conf Radar Pro. 1996, 29-33
20 R.S. Gill. Ground Wave Propagation Program GRWAVE. Marconi Research Centre, 1985.
21 Donald E.Barrick. Theory of HF and VHF propagation across the rough sea 1: The effective surface impedance for a slightly rough highly conducting medium at grazing incidence. Radio Science. 1971, 6(5): 517-526
22 Donald E.Barrick. Theory of HF and VHF propagation across the rough sea 2: Application to HF and VHF propagation above the sea. Radio Science. 6(5): 527-533
23董英凝,张宁,许荣庆.高频地波雷达工作环境对系统性能影响的分析.电波科学报. 2007年4月, 22(2): 325-330.
24王金荣,张宁.高频地波超视距雷达.雷达与对抗. 1994, 3: 1-6.
25焦培南,张忠志.雷达环境与电波传播特性.北京:电子工业出版社. 2007: 32-33,108-109.
26 B.J. Lopa and D.E. Barrick. Extraction of Sea State from HF Radar Sea Echo: Mathematical Theory and Modeling. Radio Science. 1986, 21(1): 81-100.
27 Donald E. Barrick. Theory of HF and VHF Propagation across the Rough Sea and Application to HF and VHF Propagation above the Sea. Radio Science, 1971, 6(5): 527-533.
28 E.W. Gill. The Scattering of High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation from the Ocean Surface: An Analysis Based on a Bistatic Ground Wave Radar Configuration. Doctoral Dissertation of Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Canada. 130-137.
29 E.W.Gill, J.Walsh. High-frequency bistatic cross sections of the ocean surface. Radio Science. 2001, 36(6): 1459-1475
30 Eric Gill, Weimin Huang, John Walsh. On the Development of a Second-Order Bistatic Radar Cross Section of the Ocean Surface: A High-Frequency Result for a Finite Scattering Path. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 2006, 31(4): 740-750
31冀振元,孟宪德,周和秘.高频地波舰载超视距雷达海杂波特性研究.高技术通讯. 20012, 2:40-44.
32梁百先,李钧,马淑英.我国的电离层研究.地球物理学报. 1994, 41(增刊): 51-73
33 S.S.Kirby, L.V.Berkner and D.M.Stuart. Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission, Proceedings of IRE. 1934,22(4):310-314.
34 Defence R&D Cananda. Characterization of Ionospheric Clutter in HF Surface-Wave Radar. 2003.
35赵龙,张宁.高频地波雷达中电离层杂波的自适应抑制.现代雷达. 2005, 27(1): 36-37
36熊新农,柯亨玉,万显荣.基于特征分解的高频地波雷达电离层杂波抑制. 2007, 22(6): 937-940
37陈聪,高火涛,张小妹.高频地波雷达天线阵抗电离层干扰.电波科学学报. 2007, 22(4): 665-669
38黄亮,文必洋,吴立明.姚敏.高频地波雷达电离层干扰抑制研究.电波科学学报. 2007, 22(4): 626-630
39 H. T. Gao, X. Zheng, J Li. Adaptive anti-interference technique using subarrays in HF surface wave radar. IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Naving. 2004, 151(2): 100-104.
40 X. Wan, X. Xiong. F. Cheng. H. Ke. Experimental investigation of directional characteristics for ionospheric clutter in HF surface wave radar. IET Radar Sonar Naving. 2007, 1(2): 124-130
41 Hank Leong. The Potential of bistatic HF surface wave radar system for the surveillance of water-entry area along the coastline. 2006 IEEE Radar Confer. 35-38
42王建涛,张国毅,谭忠吉.高频地波雷达短波电台干扰频谱特性研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2005, 37(7): 1003-1006
43 H.Leong and A.M.Ponsfor. The advantage of dual frequency operation in ship tracking by HFSWR. Proc of SEA RADAR 2004. 2004, 18-22
44侯彪,焦李成.高频地波雷达抗短波通信干扰的研究.宇航学报. 2003, 24(5) : 529-532
45苏洪涛,保铮,张守宏.地波超视距雷达高频通信干扰抑制.西安电子科技大学学报(自然版). 2003, 30(4): 442-445
46苏洪涛,保铮,张守宏.自适应地波超视距雷达高频通信干扰抑制.电波科学学报. 2003, 18(3): 270-285
47毛兴鹏,戴伏生,于长军.高频地波雷达电台干扰的抑制.系统工程与电子技术. 2005, 27(2): 225-228
48 Wan Xianrong, Wen Biyang, Ke Hengyu. Adaptive Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation for HF Surface Wave Radar. 2004 IEEE Radar Conf. 627-630
49 Zhou Hao, Wen Biyang, Wu Shicai. Radio frequency interference suppression in HFradar. Electronic Letters, 2003, 39(12): 925-927
50黄亮,文必洋,邓巍.高频地波雷达抑制瞬态干扰研究.电波科学学报. 2004, 19(2): 166-170
51强勇,侯彪,焦李成,保铮.天波超视距雷达抑制流星余迹干扰方法的研究.电波科学学报. 2003, 18(1):
52邢孟道,保铮,强勇.天波超视距雷达瞬态干扰抑制.电子学报. 2002, 30(6): 823-826
53 G. A. Fabrizio, Y.I.Abramovich, S. J.Anderson, D. A. Gray, M. D. Turley. Adaptive cancellation of nonstationary interference in HF antenna arrays. IEE Proc.-Radar, Sonar Navig, 1998, 145(1): 19-24.
54李高鹏,李雷,许荣庆.基于海杂波保持的高频地波雷达干扰抑制方法研究.电波科学学报. 2005, 20(3): 358-362
55李高鹏,李雷,许荣庆.高频地波雷达干扰抑制方法研究.电子学报. 2005, 33(3): 514-516
56 Gao Huotao, Zheng Xia, Li Jie. A Method for Adaptive Anti-Interference Based on Subarrays in HF Ground Wave Radar. 2003 IEEE Radar Conf. 2003,259-262
57 X.Lu, R.L.Kirlin and J.Wang. Temporal Impulsive Noise Excision In The Range-Doppler Map of HF Radar. 2003 IEEE Radar Conf. 2003,835-838.
58 F.Yu, Y.Shen and Y.Liu. An Effective Method of Anti-Impulsive-Disturbance for Ship-Target Detection in HF Radar. 2001 CIE International Conference on Radar. 2001,372-375
59 Hank Leong, Anthony Ponsford. The Effect of Sea Clutter on the Performance of HF Surface Wave Radar in Ship Detection. 2008 IEEE Radar Conf. 2008.
60谢俊好,李波,仇永斌,张宁. T/R-R高频地波雷达舰船目标探测范围分析.电波科学学报. 2010,25(2):234-239.
61孙仲康.单多基地有源无源定位技术.国防工业出版社. 1996:71~109
62 Farina.A, Hanle.E. Position Accuracy in Netted Monostatic and Bistatic Radar. IEEE Trans. 1983, 19: 513-520.
63笛卡尔.几何第5卷:球面,双曲几何及球面空间.武汉出版社. 1985:535~648
64刘军,杨宏文,郁文贤.优化的多基地雷达线性最小二乘定位方法.电光与控制. 2005, 12(3): 15-18
65刘琪,孙仲康.双基地两坐标雷达定位优化算法.电子学报. 1999, 27(2): 120-123
66陈建春,丁鹭飞.多基地雷达最佳定位算法.西安电子科技大学学报. 1999, 26(4):397~400
67 HeYou, WangGuohong, XiuJianjuan. Redundant Data Compression and LocationAccuracy Analysis in TR-R Bistatic Radar System. Proceedings of ICSP 2000:1951~1955
68何友,王国宏,修建娟,阎红星.双/多基地雷达的组合估计及定位精度分析.电子学报. 2000, 28 (3):15~18.
69 Cheng Hongwei, Sun Zhongkang. A Nonlinear Optimised Location Algorithm for Bistatic Radar System. 1995 IEEE Radar Conf. 1995, 201-205
70栗塔山等.最优化计算原理与算法程序设计.国防科技大学出版社. 2001.
71 Y. Bar-Shalom. On the Track-to-Track Correlation Problem. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, Vol.26, No.2, 1981:571~572
72 C. B. Chang, L. C. Youens. Measurement Correlation for Multiple Sensor Tracking in a Dense Environment. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, Vol. 27, No. 6,1982:1250~1252
73 J. F. Wilson. A Fuzzy Logic Multisenseor Association Algorithm. SPIE, 1997, 3068(3):76~78
74 P. Wide. Fuzzy Logic Data Correlation Approach in Multisensor-Multitarget Tracking System. IEEE Trans. Signal processing, 1999, 76(2):195~209
75方青.雷达组网数据融合处理中的点迹融合技术.现代电子. 2002, 4: 6-12.