电离层干扰下单双基地复合高频雷达网数据处理研究
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摘要
由于高频电磁波绕地传播特性,近年来,高频雷达在军事和民用领域都得到了广泛关注。但是由于其特殊的工作频段,使得高频地波雷达的探测精度低,点迹高度分散,且不可避免的受到电离层的强烈干扰,形成大量的虚假点迹,这些都给目标的探测和跟踪带来了巨大的困难。
对于双基地雷达系统,两雷达配合工作,对同一目标的探测存在信息冗余,有利于提高目标的定位精度;且同一电离层在两站形成的杂波干扰会在视角上有所分离,对电离层杂波有一定的抗干扰作用。所以本文针对单双基地复合高频雷达系统,研究了电离层干扰对该系统产生的虚假点迹的分布特点,并在此研究结论的基础上讨论了点迹关联、航迹形成等数据处理问题。本文分为两大部分:第一部分研究了双基地高频雷达这一特定系统的工作特性,即文章的第二、第三章;第二部分研究了电离层对双基地高频雷达产生的干扰的特点,并在此结论基础上研究了数据关联问题,即文章的第四、第五章。主要内容概括如下:
1.仿真研究了单双基地复合高频雷达系统的探测范围,并与传统的微波雷达和单基地雷达做了比较分析。
2.对单双基地复合高频雷达系统的定位性能进行了分析,包括单测量子集的定位性能和多测量子集数据压缩方法及定位性能。
3.仿真研究了电离层杂波对单双基地高频雷达系统产生干扰的特点和规律。
4.提出了一种针对特殊背景下的数据关联算法,并通过仿真证明了该算法的有效性。
In recent years, because of the special characteristics of high-frequency electromagnetic wave, high-frequency radar has been widely used in both military and civil applications. However, the HF radar has low-detection probability and low-measurement precision. Also the ionosphere contamination makes many fake targets in the radar detection range. All of these severely degraded the detection of the performance of HF radar.
Bistatic radar can increase the target locating precision with the redundancy compression. Also the two radars can detect the ionosphere in two different angles. So the bistatic radar system has advantage of defending the ionosphere contamination. In this paper, we studied the distribution of fake targets caused by ionosphere contamination, and then we did some research on the algorithm of data association.
The content of the paper can be summarized as follows:
1. Simulation is carried to study the detecting range of bistatic HF radar system, and compares it with traditional radar system and the monostatic model.
2. This paper analyses the locating capability of bistatic radar system, including one measure group and the redundancy compression by using more measure groups.
3. The characteristics of ionosphere contamination to the bistatic HF radar system is discussed and summarized by simulation.
4. An algorithm of data association on a given background is presented in this paper. The simulation results proved the efficiency of the proposed method.
This paper is organized as follows: In Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, we studied characteristics of bistatic radar system; In Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, we studied the characteristics of fake targets from ionosphere contamination to the bistatic model and the algorithm of data association.
对于双基地雷达系统,两雷达配合工作,对同一目标的探测存在信息冗余,有利于提高目标的定位精度;且同一电离层在两站形成的杂波干扰会在视角上有所分离,对电离层杂波有一定的抗干扰作用。所以本文针对单双基地复合高频雷达系统,研究了电离层干扰对该系统产生的虚假点迹的分布特点,并在此研究结论的基础上讨论了点迹关联、航迹形成等数据处理问题。本文分为两大部分:第一部分研究了双基地高频雷达这一特定系统的工作特性,即文章的第二、第三章;第二部分研究了电离层对双基地高频雷达产生的干扰的特点,并在此结论基础上研究了数据关联问题,即文章的第四、第五章。主要内容概括如下:
1.仿真研究了单双基地复合高频雷达系统的探测范围,并与传统的微波雷达和单基地雷达做了比较分析。
2.对单双基地复合高频雷达系统的定位性能进行了分析,包括单测量子集的定位性能和多测量子集数据压缩方法及定位性能。
3.仿真研究了电离层杂波对单双基地高频雷达系统产生干扰的特点和规律。
4.提出了一种针对特殊背景下的数据关联算法,并通过仿真证明了该算法的有效性。
In recent years, because of the special characteristics of high-frequency electromagnetic wave, high-frequency radar has been widely used in both military and civil applications. However, the HF radar has low-detection probability and low-measurement precision. Also the ionosphere contamination makes many fake targets in the radar detection range. All of these severely degraded the detection of the performance of HF radar.
Bistatic radar can increase the target locating precision with the redundancy compression. Also the two radars can detect the ionosphere in two different angles. So the bistatic radar system has advantage of defending the ionosphere contamination. In this paper, we studied the distribution of fake targets caused by ionosphere contamination, and then we did some research on the algorithm of data association.
The content of the paper can be summarized as follows:
1. Simulation is carried to study the detecting range of bistatic HF radar system, and compares it with traditional radar system and the monostatic model.
2. This paper analyses the locating capability of bistatic radar system, including one measure group and the redundancy compression by using more measure groups.
3. The characteristics of ionosphere contamination to the bistatic HF radar system is discussed and summarized by simulation.
4. An algorithm of data association on a given background is presented in this paper. The simulation results proved the efficiency of the proposed method.
This paper is organized as follows: In Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, we studied characteristics of bistatic radar system; In Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, we studied the characteristics of fake targets from ionosphere contamination to the bistatic model and the algorithm of data association.
引文
1李良群．信息融合系统中的目标跟踪及数据关联技术研究．西安电子科技大学博士学位论文．2007．1
2康耀红．数据融合理论与应用．西安电子科技大学出版社．1997
3刘同明，夏祖勋，解洪成．数据融合技术及其应用．国防工业出版社．1998
4何友，王国宏等．传感器信息融合及应用．电子工业出版社．2000．7
5 A.Farina, F.A.Studer, Radar Data Processing. Vol.III.Researches Studies Press. England. May 1985
6 S.S.Blackman. Multiple-target Tracking with Radar Application. Boston. MA: Artech House. 1986
7 Y.Bar-Shalom, T.E.Fortmann. Tracking and Data Association. Academic Press. 1988
8 Y.Bar-Shalom and X.LI. MultitargetJVIulti sensor tracking: Principles and Techniques. Storrs. CT: YBS Publishing. 1995
9 Y.Bar-Shalom, X.R.Li. Estimation and Tracking: Principles. Techniques an Software. Boston. MA: Axtech House. 1993
10 Y.Bar-Shalom, X.R.Li, and T.Kirubarajan. Estimation with Applications to Tracking and Navigation. Hoboken. NJ: Wiley. 2001
11 Y.Bar-Shalom.Multitarget-Multisensor Tracking: Advanced Applications. Boston. MA: Artech House. 1990
12 Rafaat. Time Domain Analysis of Ocean Clutter in High Frequency Radar. Oceans. 1990
13 Yosko J, Kalata P. Optimal and sub-optimal of a-p targets [C]// Proceedings of American Control Conference. Chicago: ACC, 1992:857-861.
14 Saha R K. Effect of common process noise on two-sensor track fusion [J].AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 1996,19(4):829-835.
15 Saha R K. Track-to-track fusion with dissimilar sensors [J]. IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic System, 1996,32(3):1021-1029.
16 Saha R K, Chang K C, Kokar M. Multisensor track-to-track fusion for airborne surveillanve systems [R]. Burlington: Nova Research Corporation, 1996.
17 Wei Chongyu, Xu Shanjia and Wang Dongjin, "Target Location Based onRange-Difference Information from a Multistatic Radar System", Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, International Conference, 18-20 Aug. 1998 Page(s):456-459
18 Wang Beide, "The Nature of Bistatic and Multistatic Radar" , Radar International Conference, Proceedings 15-18 Oct. 2001 Page(s):882 - 884
19 Nickens Okello, "Track Registration for Multistatic Radars with Multipath", Information, Decision and Control, 12-14 Feb. 2007 Page(s):118 - 123
20 Terje Johnsen, "Tracking and Data Fusion in Bi- and Multistatic Radar. A Simulation study of geometry dependent uncertainties, filter selection and their influence", Radar Conference, IEEE International, 9-12 May 2005 Page(s):441 - 446
21 Thomas A. Seliga and Francis J. Coyne, "Multistatic Radar as a Means of Dealing with the Detection of Multipath False Targets by Airport Surface Detection Equipment Radars", Radar Conference, Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE5-8 May 2003 Page(s):329 - 33
22 Yang Wenlin and Wei Chongyu, "Target Location and Speed Estimation by Multistatic Radar System Using Maximum Likelihood Approach", Signal Processing Proceedings,2000. 5th International Conference onVolume 3, 21-25 Aug. 2000 Page(s):1964- 1967 vol.3
23 Mark Mclntyre, Jimmy Wang and Lesley Kelly, "The Effect of Position Uncertainty in Multistatic Acoustic Localization", Information, Decision and Control, Proceedings. 8-10 Feb. 1999 Page(s):347 - 352
24 B. La Cour, "Bayesian Multistatic Tracking: Results on Simulated Data from the Multistatic Tracking Working Group", Information Fusion, 9th International Conference, July 2006 Page(s):1 - 7
25赵宗贵编译．数据融合方法概论．信息产业部第二十八研究所．1998
26杨靖宇．战场数据融合技术．，1匕京：兵器上业出版社．1994
27蔡庆宇，薛毅，张伯彦．相控阵雷达数据处理及其仿真技术．北京：国防上业出版社．1997
28王金荣，张宁．高频地波超视距雷达．雷达与对抗．1994年第3期1
29董英凝，张宁，许荣庆．高频地波雷达工作环境对系统性能影响的分析．电波科学学报．2007．4：3
30刘春阳，王义雅．高频地波超视距雷达评述．现代防御技术．2002．12：4
31闫国玉，郭万海．高频地波雷达传播特性及其探测距离分析．舰船科学技术．2005．10
32程敬．双基地高频地波超视距雷达关键问题分析．哈尔滨工业大学．2005．7：12—13，24
33孙仲康．单多基地有源无源定位技术．国防工业出版社．1996．6：71—88
34李光汉．球面几何及其应用．中学数学教学．2005．年第4期：2—3
35杨世国．球面几何简介．中学数学教学．2005．年第3期
36宁百齐，李钧．电离层不规则结构的多普勒谱特性．空间科学学报．1996．1
37袁志刚．电离层扰动的高频探测与诊断．中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所．2003．6
38房利民，王天亮．电离层与无线电波的传播．中学物理教学参考．1994年第10期
39黄亮，文必洋，吴立明，姚敏．高频地波雷达电离层干扰抑制研究．电波科学学报．2007．8
40王霄，史建魁，肖佐，张满莲，武顺智．中国低纬(海南)电离层漂移特性．电波科学学报．2005．8
41黄亮，文必洋，吴立明，姚敏．高频地波雷达电离层干扰抑制研究．电波科学学报．2007．8：2
42宁百齐．李钧电离层不规则结构的多普勒谱特性．空间科学学报．1996．1：1—2
43王霄，史建魁，肖佐，张满莲，武顺智．中国低纬(海南)电离层漂移特性．电波科学学报．2005．8：5
44赵龙，张宁．高频地波雷达中电离层杂波的自适应抑制．现在雷达．2005．1：1
45杨振起．双(多)基地雷达系统．国防工业出版社．2001．2：：75—77
46陈道清，曾宪珪．点位方差及误差椭圆的有关问题．1989．12：4—6
47崔宁周，谢维信，余雄南．多传感器多目标分布跟踪中数据关联的快速算法．电子学报．1 996．6
48杨士英，罗景青．利用误差椭圆消除虚假定位的算法研究．电子对抗技术．2004．9．第19卷f5)：5—6刘源．基于模糊信息处理的数据融合方法研究．西安电子科技大学博士学位论文．1999
49乔向东．信息融合系统中的目标跟踪技术研究．西安电子科技大学博士学位论文．2003
50何友．多目标多传感器分布信息融合算法研究．清华大学博士学位论文．1996
51韦毅．红外无源定位技术研究．西安电子科技大学硕士论文．1999
52王明辉．多传感器数据融合中几个关键技术的研究．西北工业大学博士论文．2000
53何兵．多传感器数据融合领域若干问题的研究．北京航空航天大学博士论文2001
54王国宏．分布式检测、跟踪及异类传感器数据关联与引导研究．北京航空航天大学博士论文．2002
55杨宏文．多传感器目标跟踪理论与技术研究．国防科学技术大学博士论文．2000
56刘宗香．被动传感器组网系统目标探测与跟踪方法．西安电子科技大学博士论文．2005
57辛云宏．红外搜索与跟踪系统的点目标定位及跟踪算法研究．西安电子科技大学博士论文．2005
58周宏仁，敬忠良，王培德．机动口标跟踪．北京国防上业出版社．1991
59敬忠良神经网络跟踪理论及应用．北京：国防上业出版社．1996
60权太范．信息融合：神经网络-模糊推理理论与应用．北京：国防上业出版社．2002
2康耀红．数据融合理论与应用．西安电子科技大学出版社．1997
3刘同明，夏祖勋，解洪成．数据融合技术及其应用．国防工业出版社．1998
4何友，王国宏等．传感器信息融合及应用．电子工业出版社．2000．7
5 A.Farina, F.A.Studer, Radar Data Processing. Vol.III.Researches Studies Press. England. May 1985
6 S.S.Blackman. Multiple-target Tracking with Radar Application. Boston. MA: Artech House. 1986
7 Y.Bar-Shalom, T.E.Fortmann. Tracking and Data Association. Academic Press. 1988
8 Y.Bar-Shalom and X.LI. MultitargetJVIulti sensor tracking: Principles and Techniques. Storrs. CT: YBS Publishing. 1995
9 Y.Bar-Shalom, X.R.Li. Estimation and Tracking: Principles. Techniques an Software. Boston. MA: Axtech House. 1993
10 Y.Bar-Shalom, X.R.Li, and T.Kirubarajan. Estimation with Applications to Tracking and Navigation. Hoboken. NJ: Wiley. 2001
11 Y.Bar-Shalom.Multitarget-Multisensor Tracking: Advanced Applications. Boston. MA: Artech House. 1990
12 Rafaat. Time Domain Analysis of Ocean Clutter in High Frequency Radar. Oceans. 1990
13 Yosko J, Kalata P. Optimal and sub-optimal of a-p targets [C]// Proceedings of American Control Conference. Chicago: ACC, 1992:857-861.
14 Saha R K. Effect of common process noise on two-sensor track fusion [J].AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 1996,19(4):829-835.
15 Saha R K. Track-to-track fusion with dissimilar sensors [J]. IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic System, 1996,32(3):1021-1029.
16 Saha R K, Chang K C, Kokar M. Multisensor track-to-track fusion for airborne surveillanve systems [R]. Burlington: Nova Research Corporation, 1996.
17 Wei Chongyu, Xu Shanjia and Wang Dongjin, "Target Location Based onRange-Difference Information from a Multistatic Radar System", Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, International Conference, 18-20 Aug. 1998 Page(s):456-459
18 Wang Beide, "The Nature of Bistatic and Multistatic Radar" , Radar International Conference, Proceedings 15-18 Oct. 2001 Page(s):882 - 884
19 Nickens Okello, "Track Registration for Multistatic Radars with Multipath", Information, Decision and Control, 12-14 Feb. 2007 Page(s):118 - 123
20 Terje Johnsen, "Tracking and Data Fusion in Bi- and Multistatic Radar. A Simulation study of geometry dependent uncertainties, filter selection and their influence", Radar Conference, IEEE International, 9-12 May 2005 Page(s):441 - 446
21 Thomas A. Seliga and Francis J. Coyne, "Multistatic Radar as a Means of Dealing with the Detection of Multipath False Targets by Airport Surface Detection Equipment Radars", Radar Conference, Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE5-8 May 2003 Page(s):329 - 33
22 Yang Wenlin and Wei Chongyu, "Target Location and Speed Estimation by Multistatic Radar System Using Maximum Likelihood Approach", Signal Processing Proceedings,2000. 5th International Conference onVolume 3, 21-25 Aug. 2000 Page(s):1964- 1967 vol.3
23 Mark Mclntyre, Jimmy Wang and Lesley Kelly, "The Effect of Position Uncertainty in Multistatic Acoustic Localization", Information, Decision and Control, Proceedings. 8-10 Feb. 1999 Page(s):347 - 352
24 B. La Cour, "Bayesian Multistatic Tracking: Results on Simulated Data from the Multistatic Tracking Working Group", Information Fusion, 9th International Conference, July 2006 Page(s):1 - 7
25赵宗贵编译．数据融合方法概论．信息产业部第二十八研究所．1998
26杨靖宇．战场数据融合技术．，1匕京：兵器上业出版社．1994
27蔡庆宇，薛毅，张伯彦．相控阵雷达数据处理及其仿真技术．北京：国防上业出版社．1997
28王金荣，张宁．高频地波超视距雷达．雷达与对抗．1994年第3期1
29董英凝，张宁，许荣庆．高频地波雷达工作环境对系统性能影响的分析．电波科学学报．2007．4：3
30刘春阳，王义雅．高频地波超视距雷达评述．现代防御技术．2002．12：4
31闫国玉，郭万海．高频地波雷达传播特性及其探测距离分析．舰船科学技术．2005．10
32程敬．双基地高频地波超视距雷达关键问题分析．哈尔滨工业大学．2005．7：12—13，24
33孙仲康．单多基地有源无源定位技术．国防工业出版社．1996．6：71—88
34李光汉．球面几何及其应用．中学数学教学．2005．年第4期：2—3
35杨世国．球面几何简介．中学数学教学．2005．年第3期
36宁百齐，李钧．电离层不规则结构的多普勒谱特性．空间科学学报．1996．1
37袁志刚．电离层扰动的高频探测与诊断．中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所．2003．6
38房利民，王天亮．电离层与无线电波的传播．中学物理教学参考．1994年第10期
39黄亮，文必洋，吴立明，姚敏．高频地波雷达电离层干扰抑制研究．电波科学学报．2007．8
40王霄，史建魁，肖佐，张满莲，武顺智．中国低纬(海南)电离层漂移特性．电波科学学报．2005．8
41黄亮，文必洋，吴立明，姚敏．高频地波雷达电离层干扰抑制研究．电波科学学报．2007．8：2
42宁百齐．李钧电离层不规则结构的多普勒谱特性．空间科学学报．1996．1：1—2
43王霄，史建魁，肖佐，张满莲，武顺智．中国低纬(海南)电离层漂移特性．电波科学学报．2005．8：5
44赵龙，张宁．高频地波雷达中电离层杂波的自适应抑制．现在雷达．2005．1：1
45杨振起．双(多)基地雷达系统．国防工业出版社．2001．2：：75—77
46陈道清，曾宪珪．点位方差及误差椭圆的有关问题．1989．12：4—6
47崔宁周，谢维信，余雄南．多传感器多目标分布跟踪中数据关联的快速算法．电子学报．1 996．6
48杨士英，罗景青．利用误差椭圆消除虚假定位的算法研究．电子对抗技术．2004．9．第19卷f5)：5—6刘源．基于模糊信息处理的数据融合方法研究．西安电子科技大学博士学位论文．1999
49乔向东．信息融合系统中的目标跟踪技术研究．西安电子科技大学博士学位论文．2003
50何友．多目标多传感器分布信息融合算法研究．清华大学博士学位论文．1996
51韦毅．红外无源定位技术研究．西安电子科技大学硕士论文．1999
52王明辉．多传感器数据融合中几个关键技术的研究．西北工业大学博士论文．2000
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