区域电网事故控制及处理研究
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摘要
电力系统朝大电网、超高压、大机组、远距离输电的方向发展,但是电力建设落后经济发展水平的局面还存在。电力系统运行在接近电网极限输送能力状态的几率大大增加,从而较大程度上存在着发生电压稳定事故的威胁。传统的故障为电力系统由于简单故障引起失去功角稳定或电压稳定从而直接导致大面积停电事故;回顾最近几年国内外出现的恶性系统事故,原因各异,连锁故障导致大面积停电的现象多次出现,如何定性地将事故分类并提出事故预防措施及相应的事故处理策略具有重要的研究意义。
成功举办2010年上海世博会,安全保障至关重要,而电力安全是整个世博园区安全保障体系中最重要的基础环节。如果世博会期间发生停电事故,将会造成整个世博园区混乱,对上海乃至中国的国际形象将产生极大的负面影响,其后果不堪设想。
为了提高供电的可靠性,当配电网出现故障时,必须快速确定故障区段。本文总结归类电网事故起因,提出事故区域划分方法,分析了电力系统故障定位的两种典型算法,比较分析通用矩阵算法和区域辨识算法应用在故障定位时的优缺点,并提出改进算法,分别采用通用矩阵算法和改进算法对某地区实际电网进行模型分析和验证。后续工作从遗传算法的角度研究电网故障定位的问题,证明了其有效性。
电网预防灾变性事故处理方法是研究系统的一个重要难题,本文从多角度研究事故处理方法,并对其优缺点进行了评价,以配电网为例,介绍其典型的故障恢复控制策略;以最小生成树算法为工具,对实际电网的事故恢复做了详细的计算和分析,有助于实际电网的应用推广。参考事故处理的规程,分别详细归纳了基于三道防线和基于调度操作的事故处理方法。
最后,从配电网络的特点和配电网重构的意义出发,提出了网络重构的重要作用,探讨了配电网优化重构的模型,简述了研究配电网重构的几种算法,相应的重构模型可以结合相应的算法来进行计算。
With the development trend of large power grid systems, extra high voltage, large generator units, and long-distance transmission, however, the situation of power construction lagging behind economic development still exists. The chance of that electric power system works close to the limits of transmission capacity greatly increases, thus to a large extent threat the voltage stability incident. Traditional faults are caused by loss of angle stability or voltage stability due to simple failures, thus results in large-scale power outages. Recalling the vicious system incidents occurred at home and abroad, which have different reasons, the phenomenon of large-scale blackout by chain failures has occurred several times. How to classify the accidents qualitatively, and make prevention measures, corresponding incident handling strategy is of great importance.
Security is essential to successfully host 2010 Shanghai World Expo,while the electrical safety is the most important basic link to the security system. Once blackout occurred during 2010 Shanghai World Expo, confusion will result in the World Expo area, which will have a tremendous negative impact to China’s international image, and the consequences would be unthinkable.
In order to improve the reliability of electricity supply, when there is a failure in the distribution network, it is important to identify fault section quickly. In this paper, the causes of the power incident are classified, the incident region methods are submitted, two typical algorithms of fault location of power system are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of general matrix algorithm and the region identification algorithm used in fault location are comparatively analyzed, and improved algorithm is proposed, general matrix algorithm and improved algorithm are respectively adopted in a certain area of the actual power grid, used for analysis and verification model. Effectiveness of study on genetic algorithm for fault location is proven.
It’s of great importance to study the approach of prevent catastrophic accidents. From multi-perspective, the approach of handling the accidents and their advantages and disadvantages has been evaluated. Taking the distribution network for instance, a typical recovery of its control strategy has been introduced. On the basis of Minimum-cost Spanning Tree (MCST), a detailed calculation and analysis have been done concerning with the actual incident restoration, which assists the popularization of the practical application. Taking a reference to the incident handling procedures, operations based on 3-defense lines and dispatching schedule are summarized in details.
Finally, from the perspective of the distribution network characteristics and the significance of Distribution System Reconfiguration, an important role in network reconfiguration t is raised, the optimization model of the distribution network is explored, several algorithms for distribution network reconfiguration are studied, the calculation can be combined to corresponding algorithm of reconstruction .
成功举办2010年上海世博会,安全保障至关重要,而电力安全是整个世博园区安全保障体系中最重要的基础环节。如果世博会期间发生停电事故,将会造成整个世博园区混乱,对上海乃至中国的国际形象将产生极大的负面影响,其后果不堪设想。
为了提高供电的可靠性,当配电网出现故障时,必须快速确定故障区段。本文总结归类电网事故起因,提出事故区域划分方法,分析了电力系统故障定位的两种典型算法,比较分析通用矩阵算法和区域辨识算法应用在故障定位时的优缺点,并提出改进算法,分别采用通用矩阵算法和改进算法对某地区实际电网进行模型分析和验证。后续工作从遗传算法的角度研究电网故障定位的问题,证明了其有效性。
电网预防灾变性事故处理方法是研究系统的一个重要难题,本文从多角度研究事故处理方法,并对其优缺点进行了评价,以配电网为例,介绍其典型的故障恢复控制策略;以最小生成树算法为工具,对实际电网的事故恢复做了详细的计算和分析,有助于实际电网的应用推广。参考事故处理的规程,分别详细归纳了基于三道防线和基于调度操作的事故处理方法。
最后,从配电网络的特点和配电网重构的意义出发,提出了网络重构的重要作用,探讨了配电网优化重构的模型,简述了研究配电网重构的几种算法,相应的重构模型可以结合相应的算法来进行计算。
With the development trend of large power grid systems, extra high voltage, large generator units, and long-distance transmission, however, the situation of power construction lagging behind economic development still exists. The chance of that electric power system works close to the limits of transmission capacity greatly increases, thus to a large extent threat the voltage stability incident. Traditional faults are caused by loss of angle stability or voltage stability due to simple failures, thus results in large-scale power outages. Recalling the vicious system incidents occurred at home and abroad, which have different reasons, the phenomenon of large-scale blackout by chain failures has occurred several times. How to classify the accidents qualitatively, and make prevention measures, corresponding incident handling strategy is of great importance.
Security is essential to successfully host 2010 Shanghai World Expo,while the electrical safety is the most important basic link to the security system. Once blackout occurred during 2010 Shanghai World Expo, confusion will result in the World Expo area, which will have a tremendous negative impact to China’s international image, and the consequences would be unthinkable.
In order to improve the reliability of electricity supply, when there is a failure in the distribution network, it is important to identify fault section quickly. In this paper, the causes of the power incident are classified, the incident region methods are submitted, two typical algorithms of fault location of power system are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of general matrix algorithm and the region identification algorithm used in fault location are comparatively analyzed, and improved algorithm is proposed, general matrix algorithm and improved algorithm are respectively adopted in a certain area of the actual power grid, used for analysis and verification model. Effectiveness of study on genetic algorithm for fault location is proven.
It’s of great importance to study the approach of prevent catastrophic accidents. From multi-perspective, the approach of handling the accidents and their advantages and disadvantages has been evaluated. Taking the distribution network for instance, a typical recovery of its control strategy has been introduced. On the basis of Minimum-cost Spanning Tree (MCST), a detailed calculation and analysis have been done concerning with the actual incident restoration, which assists the popularization of the practical application. Taking a reference to the incident handling procedures, operations based on 3-defense lines and dispatching schedule are summarized in details.
Finally, from the perspective of the distribution network characteristics and the significance of Distribution System Reconfiguration, an important role in network reconfiguration t is raised, the optimization model of the distribution network is explored, several algorithms for distribution network reconfiguration are studied, the calculation can be combined to corresponding algorithm of reconstruction .
引文
[1]张文亮,周孝信,白晓民,汤涌。城市电网应对突发事件保障供电安全的对策研究[J]。中国电机工程学报,2008,22(1)。
[2]易俊,周孝信。基于连锁故障搜索模型的降低电网发生连锁故障风险的方法[J]。电网技术,2007,31(6)。
[3]李洪锦,沈龙。事故应急处理预案在电网事故处理中的作用[J]。云南电力技术,2004,5。
[4]周羽生,周有庆,戴正志。基于FTU的配电网故障区域判断算法[J].电力自动化设备,2000,20(4):25-27
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[8]刘怀东,王菲,高晓辉等。基于概率不安全指标的电力系统紧急控制[J]。电力系统及其自动化学报,2006,18(6)。
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[18] S.Civalar, J.J.Grainger, H.Yin, S.S.H.Lee.“Distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction”[J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1998,3(3)
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[24]陈薇冰。一般电网事故原因分析及对策[J]。科技前沿,2000,8。
[25]李路,周渝慧。博弈论在处理大电网事故中的应用[J]。东北电力技术, 2005,12(4),52-53。
[26]陈为化,江全元,曹一家。考虑继电保护隐性故障的电力系统连锁故障风险评估[J]。电网技术,2006,30(13)。
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[29]陈竟成,徐德超。配电网故障恢复[J],电力系统自动化,2000,24(4)。
[30] K.W.Chan, Q.Zhou, T.S.Chung,et al. Transient Stability Margin Assessment For Large Power System Using Time Domain Simulation Based Hybrid Extended Equal Area Criterion Method[J]. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Power System Control,2000.
[31]徐青山。电力系统故障诊断及故障恢复[M]。中国电力出版社,2007
[32] K.Nithiyananthan, V.Ramachandran et al. A Distributed Model For Multi-area Power Systems On-line Dynamic Security Analysis[J]. Proceedings of IEEE Tencon’02,
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[34] Albert R,Albert I,Nakarado G L.Structural vulnerability of the North American powergrid[J].Physical Review E,2004,69(1)
[35] Fang Yang, A.P.Sakis, K.Stefopoulos, Contingency Simulation Using Single Phase Quadratized Power Flow[J], 9th International Conference on Probablistic Methods Applied to Power Systems KTH, Stockholm,Sweden,2006.
[36] M.Poshtan,P.Rastgoufard, B.Singh, Contingency Ranking For Voltage Stability Analysis of Large-Scale Power Systems.2005
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[2]易俊,周孝信。基于连锁故障搜索模型的降低电网发生连锁故障风险的方法[J]。电网技术,2007,31(6)。
[3]李洪锦,沈龙。事故应急处理预案在电网事故处理中的作用[J]。云南电力技术,2004,5。
[4]周羽生,周有庆,戴正志。基于FTU的配电网故障区域判断算法[J].电力自动化设备,2000,20(4):25-27
[5]余贻鑫,陈礼义。电力系统的安全性与稳定性[M]。北京:科学出版社,1988。.
[6]余贻鑫,王成山。电力系统稳定性理论与方法[M]。北京:科学出版社,1999。
[7]李兴源,李力。电力系统紧急控制综述[J]。电力系统自动化,2000,24(9)。
[8]刘怀东,王菲,高晓辉等。基于概率不安全指标的电力系统紧急控制[J]。电力系统及其自动化学报,2006,18(6)。
[9]孙伟,李林川,等。基于停电区域的电力系统故障诊断的一种新模型[J]。电网技术,2004,3。
[10]李乃永。电网故障信息处理系统应用研究[M]。山东大学。
[11]李乃永,梁军。基于粗糙集理论和故障信息网的电网故障诊断方法[J],继电器,2000(8)。
[12] Chen Nan,Zeng Xiangjun.“Software for power grid fault location with traveling-wave”[J]. International Conference on Power System Technology.2006.
[13]李海锋,张尧,钱国基,黄健。配电网故障恢复重构算法研究[J]。中国电机工程学报[J],2001,4。
[14] L.Cauchou,A.Bouffard.“An applied training tool for bulk power system restoration at Hydro-Quebec”[J], IEEE Trans. On Power Systems
[15] G.Trudel,S.Bernard, and G.Scott,“Hydro-Quebec’s Defence Plan Against Extreme Contigencies”[J], IEEE Trans. On Power Systems, 1999,3.
[16] Dariush Shirmonhammadi, H.wayne Hong.“Reconfiguration of electric distribution networks for resistive line losses reduction”[J], IEEE Trans. On Power Systems, 1989,4.
[17] Hoyong Kim, Yunseok Ko. Etal.“Artificial Neural-Network based feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction in distribution systems”[J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1993,8(3).
[18] S.Civalar, J.J.Grainger, H.Yin, S.S.H.Lee.“Distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction”[J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1998,3(3)
[19]陈根军,王磊,唐国庆。基于蚁群最优的配电网络重构算法[J]。电力系统及其自动化学报,2001,13(4)。
[20] Liu Chen-Ching, Jae Lee S, Venkata S.S. An expert system operational aid for restoration and loss reduction of distribution of distribution systems. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1990,5(1)
[21]康巍晶,刘伟,李海城。配电网恢复控制的研究[J]。继电器,2005,33(21)。
[22]徐青山。电力系统故障诊断及故障恢复[M]。北京:中国电力出版社,2007。
[23]苏文博,李鹏博,张高峰。继电保护事故处理技术与实例[M]。北京:中国电力出版社,2002。
[24]陈薇冰。一般电网事故原因分析及对策[J]。科技前沿,2000,8。
[25]李路,周渝慧。博弈论在处理大电网事故中的应用[J]。东北电力技术, 2005,12(4),52-53。
[26]陈为化,江全元,曹一家。考虑继电保护隐性故障的电力系统连锁故障风险评估[J]。电网技术,2006,30(13)。
[27]文福拴,韩振祥,田磊。基于遗传算法的电力系统故障诊断的解析模型与方法[J],电力系统及其自动化学报,1998,10(3)。
[28]赖宏毅,朱江,汤卫东,大电网事故后的恢复处理方法初探[J],华中电力,2000(5).
[29]陈竟成,徐德超。配电网故障恢复[J],电力系统自动化,2000,24(4)。
[30] K.W.Chan, Q.Zhou, T.S.Chung,et al. Transient Stability Margin Assessment For Large Power System Using Time Domain Simulation Based Hybrid Extended Equal Area Criterion Method[J]. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Power System Control,2000.
[31]徐青山。电力系统故障诊断及故障恢复[M]。中国电力出版社,2007
[32] K.Nithiyananthan, V.Ramachandran et al. A Distributed Model For Multi-area Power Systems On-line Dynamic Security Analysis[J]. Proceedings of IEEE Tencon’02,
[33]中国电力科学研究院,最新发电厂及电力系统重大事故应急预案与故障排除及安全规程落实达标考核工作全书[M],北京:电力工业出版社,2006。
[34] Albert R,Albert I,Nakarado G L.Structural vulnerability of the North American powergrid[J].Physical Review E,2004,69(1)
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