热泵式溶液调湿空气处理装置的研究
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摘要
热泵驱动的溶液调湿空气处理装置具有不受气候条件和地域限制、应用方式灵活等优点,是目前最有可能大规模推广应用的一种溶液调湿型空气处理装置。在以往的研究工作中,尚缺乏对热泵式溶液调湿装置的结构流程设计、性能优化、送风参数控制调节方式、最佳运行策略等问题的系统研究,极大地制约了溶液调湿技术的应用推广。本文针对性地开展了以下主要研究工作:
首先,以实验验证的热泵式溶液调湿装置模拟仿真平台为基础,对不同结构形式的溶液调湿装置的空气处理过程及机组性能进行了分析,提出热泵式溶液调湿装置的优化原则为:最佳的结构流程须使各级单元模块的换热量与其换热面积相匹配;级内循环溶液的流量应与所处理的空气流量相匹配,同时尽可能增加级间循环溶液热回收板换的换热面积,并在保证级间溶液正常循环的条件下,尽量减小级间循环溶液的流量。
其次,就溶液与空气之间的焓差驱动力Δh和相对湿度差驱动力Δ?对送风参数的影响进行了分析,发现焓差驱动力不变时送风参数沿等焓线变化,而相对湿度差驱动力不变时送风参数沿等相对湿度线变化。由此得到送风参数的控制策略为:通过控制热泵制冷系统输出的冷量来调节溶液的焓值,进而控制送风焓值至设定值,然后通过控制再生单元的补水量来调节溶液的浓度,进而控制送风相对湿度至设定值。
而后,提出了新风入口参数在焓湿图上的区域划分方法,通过不同区域的新风参数在不同运行模式下的能耗对比,得到热泵式溶液调湿新风机组全年的最佳运行策略,指出装置的性能与新风焓值之间存在直接关系,而且在高温潮湿的气候条件下具有更高的效率。
最后,在上述理论及方法的指导下,介绍了热泵式溶液调湿空气处理装置的应用方式、机组性能和节能效果等实践情况。热泵式溶液调湿新风机组已经在国内50多个公建项目中应用,总面积超过162万m~2,实测运行能耗比常规空调系统节约30%以上。热泵式溶液调湿空气处理机组已经在国内20多个工艺性恒温恒湿空调项目中应用,应用面积近10万m~2,实测节能效果可达40%～70%。
Liquid desiccant air handing device driven by heat pump, which can be used without restiction of climatic conditions and geographical regions, is the most likely to promote in large-scale application. The lack of research on structure design, performance optimization, adjustment method of supply air prameters and the best operation strategy during the previous research, results in a greatly restricting of the expansion and application on liquid desiccant technology. This paper carried out the following studies:
Firstly, based on the simulation platform program which was verificated by the experimental data, the air handling process parmaters and performance of different liquid desiccant device is analyzed The optimization principle of liquid desiccant air handing device driven by heat pump is proposed. The best structure of the liquid desiccant device must be the structure which can make the heat exchange of each unit matches its heat and mass transfer area. And, the solution flowrate of local cycle must match the flowrate of processed air. Meanwhile, the heat transfer area of the heat recovery plant exchanger should be maximizd as far as possible. The solution flowrate of main cycle must be minimized under the conditions of ensuring the normal condition of the main cycle.
Secondly, the enthalpy difference driving forceΔh and the relative humidity difference driving forceΔ? between the desiccant solution and air have been analyzed. It is found that the supply air parameter changed along the constant enthalpy line when the enthalpy difference driving force was constant, and the supply air parameter changed along the constant relative humidity line when the relative humidity difference driving force was not changed. Then, the control strategy of supply air is concluded: the enthalpy of solution is adjusted by controlling the cooling capacity of the heat pump, thus the supply air enthalpy can be adjusted to the set value, and then by controlling the amount of water added to the regeneration unit to adjust the solution concentration, the relative humidity of supply air can be adjusted to the set value.
Thirdly, the zone-divding method of outdoor air intet parameters in the psychrometric chart is proposed. Accroding to the energy consumption comparation of the outdoor air in different zones under different operation method, the best operation strategy of liquid desiccant air handling device driven by heat pump during whole year is concluded. The relationship between the performance of the air handling deviece and the enthalpy of the outdoor air is pointed out. And, the efficiency of the air handling device is much higher in hot and humid climate conditions.
Finally, based on the above studies, the application method, device performance and energy saving data in practical application is introduced. The liquid desiccant outdoor air handling device driven by heat pump has been used in more than 50 applications in the domestic public construction projects, with a total area of over 1.62 millon m~2, and the measured operating cost data shows that more than 30% energy consumption can be saved compared to the conventional air-conditioning system. The liquid desiccant air handling units driven by heat pump has been used in more than 20 projects in process of constant temperature and humidity air conditioning system, application area of nearly 100,000 m~2, the measured energy savings up to 40%~70%.
首先,以实验验证的热泵式溶液调湿装置模拟仿真平台为基础,对不同结构形式的溶液调湿装置的空气处理过程及机组性能进行了分析,提出热泵式溶液调湿装置的优化原则为:最佳的结构流程须使各级单元模块的换热量与其换热面积相匹配;级内循环溶液的流量应与所处理的空气流量相匹配,同时尽可能增加级间循环溶液热回收板换的换热面积,并在保证级间溶液正常循环的条件下,尽量减小级间循环溶液的流量。
其次,就溶液与空气之间的焓差驱动力Δh和相对湿度差驱动力Δ?对送风参数的影响进行了分析,发现焓差驱动力不变时送风参数沿等焓线变化,而相对湿度差驱动力不变时送风参数沿等相对湿度线变化。由此得到送风参数的控制策略为:通过控制热泵制冷系统输出的冷量来调节溶液的焓值,进而控制送风焓值至设定值,然后通过控制再生单元的补水量来调节溶液的浓度,进而控制送风相对湿度至设定值。
而后,提出了新风入口参数在焓湿图上的区域划分方法,通过不同区域的新风参数在不同运行模式下的能耗对比,得到热泵式溶液调湿新风机组全年的最佳运行策略,指出装置的性能与新风焓值之间存在直接关系,而且在高温潮湿的气候条件下具有更高的效率。
最后,在上述理论及方法的指导下,介绍了热泵式溶液调湿空气处理装置的应用方式、机组性能和节能效果等实践情况。热泵式溶液调湿新风机组已经在国内50多个公建项目中应用,总面积超过162万m~2,实测运行能耗比常规空调系统节约30%以上。热泵式溶液调湿空气处理机组已经在国内20多个工艺性恒温恒湿空调项目中应用,应用面积近10万m~2,实测节能效果可达40%～70%。
Liquid desiccant air handing device driven by heat pump, which can be used without restiction of climatic conditions and geographical regions, is the most likely to promote in large-scale application. The lack of research on structure design, performance optimization, adjustment method of supply air prameters and the best operation strategy during the previous research, results in a greatly restricting of the expansion and application on liquid desiccant technology. This paper carried out the following studies:
Firstly, based on the simulation platform program which was verificated by the experimental data, the air handling process parmaters and performance of different liquid desiccant device is analyzed The optimization principle of liquid desiccant air handing device driven by heat pump is proposed. The best structure of the liquid desiccant device must be the structure which can make the heat exchange of each unit matches its heat and mass transfer area. And, the solution flowrate of local cycle must match the flowrate of processed air. Meanwhile, the heat transfer area of the heat recovery plant exchanger should be maximizd as far as possible. The solution flowrate of main cycle must be minimized under the conditions of ensuring the normal condition of the main cycle.
Secondly, the enthalpy difference driving forceΔh and the relative humidity difference driving forceΔ? between the desiccant solution and air have been analyzed. It is found that the supply air parameter changed along the constant enthalpy line when the enthalpy difference driving force was constant, and the supply air parameter changed along the constant relative humidity line when the relative humidity difference driving force was not changed. Then, the control strategy of supply air is concluded: the enthalpy of solution is adjusted by controlling the cooling capacity of the heat pump, thus the supply air enthalpy can be adjusted to the set value, and then by controlling the amount of water added to the regeneration unit to adjust the solution concentration, the relative humidity of supply air can be adjusted to the set value.
Thirdly, the zone-divding method of outdoor air intet parameters in the psychrometric chart is proposed. Accroding to the energy consumption comparation of the outdoor air in different zones under different operation method, the best operation strategy of liquid desiccant air handling device driven by heat pump during whole year is concluded. The relationship between the performance of the air handling deviece and the enthalpy of the outdoor air is pointed out. And, the efficiency of the air handling device is much higher in hot and humid climate conditions.
Finally, based on the above studies, the application method, device performance and energy saving data in practical application is introduced. The liquid desiccant outdoor air handling device driven by heat pump has been used in more than 50 applications in the domestic public construction projects, with a total area of over 1.62 millon m~2, and the measured operating cost data shows that more than 30% energy consumption can be saved compared to the conventional air-conditioning system. The liquid desiccant air handling units driven by heat pump has been used in more than 20 projects in process of constant temperature and humidity air conditioning system, application area of nearly 100,000 m~2, the measured energy savings up to 40%~70%.
引文
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