基于IGCT的新型智能固态断路器仿真与设计
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摘要
随着现代化工业的深入发展,用户对配电系统的要求不断提高,尤其是一些新型电力敏感负荷对电能暂态质量的可靠性、可控性提出了更高的要求。而现有配电网中大量使用的机械式断路器因受其自身物理结构的制约,其操动机构动作时不仅伴随着噪声和弧光,而且开断时间长,难以满足一些电力用户对电流开断的速动性要求。因此,基于电力电子开关器件的固态断路器(SSB)因其卓越的电流关断性能使其自问世以来便引起广泛的关注。
本文结合山西省电力公司相关项目的研究,提出一种10kV电压等级基于IGCT的新型智能固态断路器的实现方案。该系统开关主体部分由IGCT开关模块、门极驱动模块、保护模块及强力风冷装置等组成,智能控制系统部分由数据处理子系统和人机交互子系统组成,论文主要完成了以下几方面的工作:
(1)在分析IGCT开关特性的基础上,利用电力电子仿真软件PSIM建立IGCT功能仿真模型结构,详细讨论了模型中关键参数的计算,并对其有效性进行了验证。
(2)根据固态断路器的应用分析,提出了新型固态断路器的整体设计方案,详细分析了主体开关的拓扑结构及其控制策略,并对设计方案进行了仿真研究和验证,结果表明其开断参数达到了设计要求,可为配电网络的正常运行提供可靠保障。
(3)完成了辅助控制系统的硬件和软件设计。分别对数据处理子系统与人机交互子系统中硬件关键模块和软件程序的设计进行了论述,并对其中的重要算法进行了理论分析。
With the in-depth development of modern industry, higher performance standards for electric power distribution system are continually presented by users, in particular for some novel electric power sensitive load which has the very sensitive dependence on the quality of reliability and controllability of transient power. In the existing distribution network, mechanical circuit breakers are used at a large-scale. However, mechanical circuit breakers can't meet the demand of rapid switch of current because of its operation accompanied with noise, electric arc and the longer response time for switch. On the other hand solid-state circuit breakers (SSB) based on power electronic switching devices are given widespread concern since the advent of them due to their outstanding performance of the switch current.
In this paper, a novel design scheme on intelligent solid-state circuit breaker at 10kV level is presented based on IGCT projects of Shanxi Power Company. The main part of the circuit breaker is made up of the IGCT switch modules, gate drive module, protection module and powerful air-cooled device. The intelligent control system consists of digital processing subsystem and HCI subsystem. The main work in this paper is as follows:
(1) IGCT functional simulation model was established by power electronics simulate software PSIM based on the analysis of IGCT switching characteristics, and key parameters were discussed in detail in the model whose validity is verified.
(2) An overall design of a novel SSB was given out by analysis the application of SSB, coupled with the analysis of main switch topology structure and control strategy. The simulation results showed that the breaking parameters of SSB met the design requirements, and it can provide reliable protection for the normal operation of distribution network.
(3) The hardware and software design of intelligent control system was completed. We discussed separately key hardware module and software programs in data processing subsystems and interactive subsystem, and analyzed theoretically critical algorithms.
本文结合山西省电力公司相关项目的研究,提出一种10kV电压等级基于IGCT的新型智能固态断路器的实现方案。该系统开关主体部分由IGCT开关模块、门极驱动模块、保护模块及强力风冷装置等组成,智能控制系统部分由数据处理子系统和人机交互子系统组成,论文主要完成了以下几方面的工作:
(1)在分析IGCT开关特性的基础上,利用电力电子仿真软件PSIM建立IGCT功能仿真模型结构,详细讨论了模型中关键参数的计算,并对其有效性进行了验证。
(2)根据固态断路器的应用分析,提出了新型固态断路器的整体设计方案,详细分析了主体开关的拓扑结构及其控制策略,并对设计方案进行了仿真研究和验证,结果表明其开断参数达到了设计要求,可为配电网络的正常运行提供可靠保障。
(3)完成了辅助控制系统的硬件和软件设计。分别对数据处理子系统与人机交互子系统中硬件关键模块和软件程序的设计进行了论述,并对其中的重要算法进行了理论分析。
With the in-depth development of modern industry, higher performance standards for electric power distribution system are continually presented by users, in particular for some novel electric power sensitive load which has the very sensitive dependence on the quality of reliability and controllability of transient power. In the existing distribution network, mechanical circuit breakers are used at a large-scale. However, mechanical circuit breakers can't meet the demand of rapid switch of current because of its operation accompanied with noise, electric arc and the longer response time for switch. On the other hand solid-state circuit breakers (SSB) based on power electronic switching devices are given widespread concern since the advent of them due to their outstanding performance of the switch current.
In this paper, a novel design scheme on intelligent solid-state circuit breaker at 10kV level is presented based on IGCT projects of Shanxi Power Company. The main part of the circuit breaker is made up of the IGCT switch modules, gate drive module, protection module and powerful air-cooled device. The intelligent control system consists of digital processing subsystem and HCI subsystem. The main work in this paper is as follows:
(1) IGCT functional simulation model was established by power electronics simulate software PSIM based on the analysis of IGCT switching characteristics, and key parameters were discussed in detail in the model whose validity is verified.
(2) An overall design of a novel SSB was given out by analysis the application of SSB, coupled with the analysis of main switch topology structure and control strategy. The simulation results showed that the breaking parameters of SSB met the design requirements, and it can provide reliable protection for the normal operation of distribution network.
(3) The hardware and software design of intelligent control system was completed. We discussed separately key hardware module and software programs in data processing subsystems and interactive subsystem, and analyzed theoretically critical algorithms.
引文
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[12]余世科.新型电力电子器件IGCT及其应用[J].世界电子元器件2003(9):43-45.
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[14]中国电工技术学会编.电工高新技术丛书第5分册[M1.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[15]A.M.S.Atmadji.Hybrids witching:a review of current literature[J].Proceedings of EMPD98,1998(2):683-688.
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[19]T.Ueda.Solid-State Current Limiter for Power Distribution System[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,18(10):4-12.
[20]J.Czucha,T.Lipski,J.Zyborski.Hybrid Current Limiting Interrupting Device for 3-phase AC Application[J].IEE Trends in Distribution Switchgear,1998,495(10):161-166.
[21]R.K.Smith,P.G Slade,M.Sarkozi.Solid State Distribution Current Limiter and Circuit Breaker;Application Requirements and Control strategies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(3):1155-1164.
[22]N.Woodley,M.Sarkozi,F.Lopez.Solid State 13-kV Distribution Class Circuit Breaker:Planning,Development and Demonstration[J].Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Trends in Distribution Switchgear,1994,7(9):163-167.
[23]M.Steurer,K.Frohlich,W.Holaus,et al.A novel hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker for medium voltage:principle and test results[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003(18):1145-1151.
[24]C.Meyer,S.Schroder,R.W.DeDoncker.Solid-State circuit breakers and current limiters for medium-voltage systems having distributed power systems[J].IEEE Transactions Power Electron,2004,19(9):1333-1340.
[25]陈刚,江道灼,吴兆麟.固态短路限流器的研究与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(10):89-94.
[26]费万民,张艳莉,吕征宇,基于IGCT的新型固态桥式短路故障限流器[J].电力系统自动化,2006(7):60-64.
[27]丁祖军,郑建勇,梅军,等.基于DSP的IGBT固态断路器设计与优化[J].电力自动化设备,2004,28(18):59-62.
[28]梅军,郑建勇,胡敏强,等.基于IGBT软关断的混合式限流断路器结构与分析[J].电力系统自动化,2004(18):59-62.
[29]顾东亮,郑建勇,丁祖军,等.基于自然换流和软关断的混合式断路器研制[J].低压电器,2005(12):5-8.
[30]顾东亮,郑建勇,丁祖军,等.新型混合式断路器结构及动作特性研究[J].电气开关,2006(4):13-16.
[31]陈刚,江道灼,吕征宇.一种新型固态短路限流器拓扑及其控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2004(3):32-36.
[32]朱长纯,吴春瑜,王颖,等.集成门极换流晶闸管驱动电路的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2005(8):844-846.
[33]吴文辉,王勋,陶海英.集成门极换流晶闸管在电力系统中的应用[J].江西电力,2005(4):5-9.
[34]王颖,李双美,白纪彬.新型功率半导体器件IGCT的核心技术[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),2002(2):115-120.
[35]吴兆麟,沈琦,谌平平.具有短路限流保护的固态开关[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),1999(4): 351-354.
[36]赵争鸣,白华,袁立强.基于IGCT的高压三电平变频器若干关键技术问题思考[J].变频器世界,2007(7):30-34.
[37]Li Hai-shan,Li Yao-hua.Simulation and Experiment for High Voltage High Power IGCT Device [J].Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines Systems,2005(2):1130-1133.
[38]C.Meyer,S.Schroder,R.W.Doncker.Design of Solid-state Circuit Breakers for Medium-voltage Systems[J].Blazing Trails in Energy Delivery and Services,2003(2):798-803.
[39]L.Palav,A.M.Gole.On Using the Solid State Breaker in Distribution Systems[J].Proceedings of the 1998 11th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,1998(2):693-696.
[40]B.Delfino,F.Fornari,C.Gemme.Power quality improvement in transmission and distribution net works via synchronous switching[J].Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,2001(1):367-372.
[41]林功平.配电自动化与10kV智能化开关[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(11):70-72.
[42]袁立强,赵争鸣,白华,等.用于大功率变流器的IGCT功能型模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6):65-69.
[43]]刘福斌,唐 勇,陈珩.IGBT动态电力电子开关的研制[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2000,12(3):21-25.
[44]Ganssle Jack G.The Art of Programming Embedded Systems[M].San Diego,US:Academic press,1992.
[45]Gareau Jean L.Embedded Systems Programming[J].Embedded x86 Programming:Protected Mode,1998,3(5):11-14.
[46]郑小刚,谢军.IGCT门极驱动电路的原理分析[J].能源技术与管理,2005(5):64-66.
[47]杨大江,姚振华,朱长纯,等.IGCT器件的计算机模拟[J].电力电子技术,2001(2):54-56.
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[2]黄绍平,浣喜明,彭晓.固态断路器的应用与仿真研究[J].高压电器,2004(2):126-128.
[3]E.D.WoIIcy.Gate Turn-off in p-n-p-n Devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,1966(13):590-597.
[4]M.Kurata.A New CAD-model of A Gate Turn-off Thyristor[J].IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf.Record,1974(2):125-133.
[5]A.Nakagawa,H.Ohash.A study on GTO Turn-off Failure Mechanism-A time- and Temperatur e-Dependent I-D Model Analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,1984,31(3):273-279.
[6]A.Nakagawa,D.H.Nvon.A Time- and Temperature-Dependent 2-D Simulation of the GTO Thyristor Tum-off Process[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,1984,31(9):1156-1163.
[7]H.Fukui,T.Yaginuma.Two-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Turn-off Process in a GTO Under Inductive Load[J].IEEETransactions on Election Devices,1985,32(9):1830-1834.
[8]周志敏.集成门极换流晶闸管IGCT[J].同外电子元器件,2002(7):68-69.
[9]刘国友.IGCT-GTO技术的最新进展[J].半导体技术,2000(3):9-13.
[10]刘文华,胡雨辰,刘炳,等.IGCT和IEGT-适用于STATCOM的新型大功率开关器件[J].电力系统自动化,2000,12(10):66-70.
[11]华伟.现代电力电子器件及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[12]余世科.新型电力电子器件IGCT及其应用[J].世界电子元器件2003(9):43-45.
[13]王久和.新型功率开关器件IGCT及其应用[J].华北科技学院学报,2000(3):9-11.
[14]中国电工技术学会编.电工高新技术丛书第5分册[M1.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[15]A.M.S.Atmadji.Hybrids witching:a review of current literature[J].Proceedings of EMPD98,1998(2):683-688.
[16]T.Genii.400VC lass High-Speed Current Limiting Circuit Breaker for Electric Power System [J].IEEET Transactions on Power Delivery,1994,19(3):1428-1435.
[17]C.W.Brice.Review of Technologies for Current-Limiting Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1996,132(5).
[18]T.Moore.Custom Power Optimizing Distribution Services[J].EPRI Journal,1996(5):7-15.
[19]T.Ueda.Solid-State Current Limiter for Power Distribution System[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,18(10):4-12.
[20]J.Czucha,T.Lipski,J.Zyborski.Hybrid Current Limiting Interrupting Device for 3-phase AC Application[J].IEE Trends in Distribution Switchgear,1998,495(10):161-166.
[21]R.K.Smith,P.G Slade,M.Sarkozi.Solid State Distribution Current Limiter and Circuit Breaker;Application Requirements and Control strategies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(3):1155-1164.
[22]N.Woodley,M.Sarkozi,F.Lopez.Solid State 13-kV Distribution Class Circuit Breaker:Planning,Development and Demonstration[J].Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Trends in Distribution Switchgear,1994,7(9):163-167.
[23]M.Steurer,K.Frohlich,W.Holaus,et al.A novel hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker for medium voltage:principle and test results[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003(18):1145-1151.
[24]C.Meyer,S.Schroder,R.W.DeDoncker.Solid-State circuit breakers and current limiters for medium-voltage systems having distributed power systems[J].IEEE Transactions Power Electron,2004,19(9):1333-1340.
[25]陈刚,江道灼,吴兆麟.固态短路限流器的研究与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(10):89-94.
[26]费万民,张艳莉,吕征宇,基于IGCT的新型固态桥式短路故障限流器[J].电力系统自动化,2006(7):60-64.
[27]丁祖军,郑建勇,梅军,等.基于DSP的IGBT固态断路器设计与优化[J].电力自动化设备,2004,28(18):59-62.
[28]梅军,郑建勇,胡敏强,等.基于IGBT软关断的混合式限流断路器结构与分析[J].电力系统自动化,2004(18):59-62.
[29]顾东亮,郑建勇,丁祖军,等.基于自然换流和软关断的混合式断路器研制[J].低压电器,2005(12):5-8.
[30]顾东亮,郑建勇,丁祖军,等.新型混合式断路器结构及动作特性研究[J].电气开关,2006(4):13-16.
[31]陈刚,江道灼,吕征宇.一种新型固态短路限流器拓扑及其控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2004(3):32-36.
[32]朱长纯,吴春瑜,王颖,等.集成门极换流晶闸管驱动电路的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2005(8):844-846.
[33]吴文辉,王勋,陶海英.集成门极换流晶闸管在电力系统中的应用[J].江西电力,2005(4):5-9.
[34]王颖,李双美,白纪彬.新型功率半导体器件IGCT的核心技术[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),2002(2):115-120.
[35]吴兆麟,沈琦,谌平平.具有短路限流保护的固态开关[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),1999(4): 351-354.
[36]赵争鸣,白华,袁立强.基于IGCT的高压三电平变频器若干关键技术问题思考[J].变频器世界,2007(7):30-34.
[37]Li Hai-shan,Li Yao-hua.Simulation and Experiment for High Voltage High Power IGCT Device [J].Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines Systems,2005(2):1130-1133.
[38]C.Meyer,S.Schroder,R.W.Doncker.Design of Solid-state Circuit Breakers for Medium-voltage Systems[J].Blazing Trails in Energy Delivery and Services,2003(2):798-803.
[39]L.Palav,A.M.Gole.On Using the Solid State Breaker in Distribution Systems[J].Proceedings of the 1998 11th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,1998(2):693-696.
[40]B.Delfino,F.Fornari,C.Gemme.Power quality improvement in transmission and distribution net works via synchronous switching[J].Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,2001(1):367-372.
[41]林功平.配电自动化与10kV智能化开关[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(11):70-72.
[42]袁立强,赵争鸣,白华,等.用于大功率变流器的IGCT功能型模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6):65-69.
[43]]刘福斌,唐 勇,陈珩.IGBT动态电力电子开关的研制[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2000,12(3):21-25.
[44]Ganssle Jack G.The Art of Programming Embedded Systems[M].San Diego,US:Academic press,1992.
[45]Gareau Jean L.Embedded Systems Programming[J].Embedded x86 Programming:Protected Mode,1998,3(5):11-14.
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