CPLD/FPGA在交流电机调速中的应用研究
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摘要
随着经济的高速发展,能源问题越来越受到世界各国的重视,对能源的有效利用在全世界已非常迫切,特别是与人们的日常生活密切相关的电能。电动机作为用电量最多的设备,其节能已受到世界各国的普遍关注。电机节能的方式有很多种,变频调速控制是目前应用最为广泛的一种电机节能方式。本文介绍了交流电动机变频调速技术,着重阐述了正弦波脉宽调制、电压空间矢量调制方式。。
目前,电机控制芯片主要有两种选择:一种是全定制专用集成芯片(ASIC),一种是单片机(MCU)或数字信号处理器(DSP)。本文利用CPLD控制交流异步电机。CPLD的数字资源丰富、工作频率高、可在系统编程等特点使得开发灵活、开发周期相对短。设计复杂CPLD/FPGA的硬件描述语言最主要的是VHDL和Verilog HDL,本文分别对其进行了阐述并比较其各自的优缺点。VHDL语言作为一种新型的硬件描述语言,主要用于数字电路与系统的描述、模拟和自动设计,是当今电子设计自动化(EDA)的核心技术。VHDL语言在数字系统设计中具有硬件描述能力强,设计方法灵活等优点,从而大大降低了数字系统设计的难度,提高了工作效率。
本次课题使用SVPWM技术设计交流调速控制系统,选用Altera的EPM7128 CPLD芯片,选择VHDL语言对交流控制系统进行编程,使用软件MAX+plusⅡ对程序进行编译仿真。其中包括系统主电源的设计及元件参数确定、CPLD数字系统工作原理以及CPLD控制交流电机转速的实现。同时,设计了系统外围控制电路:启动/停止控制、转速的改变方式以及转向控制。
Following the rapid development of economic, more and more importance is attached to the energy sources problem by countries all over the world. Taking high effective advantage for energy sources is becoming more exigent, especially the power source which has a close relationship to our routine life. As the most consumer of power source, motor's energy saving is paid more attentiong to. There are many kinds of manners to perform energy saving for motor, variable frequency adiusting speed contol is the widest applied method at present in this field. This paper introduces techniques of variable-frequency AC drivers, SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) and SVPWM (Space Vector PWM) are introduced in detail.
At the present time, there are two choices for motor control IC: One is MCU(Micro-Chip Unit); the other is DSP (Digital Signal Prosessor). As an alternative for these two common methods, CPLD have adwantages of the high frequency, large scale and the freture of ISP (in system programming), which make it easier and fester to design control systems. At present, VHDL and Verilog HDL are main hardware description language to design complex CPLD/FPGA. This paper describes them separately and compares their respective advantages and disadvantages. VHDL, as a new type of hardware description language, is used to describe, simulate and automatically desige digital system. Nowadays, it becomes a key technology in electronic design automatic (EDA). VHDL is strong in hafdware description and flexible in design method. It could reduce the design difficulty of diagital system and improve efficiency.
This topic uses the SVPWM technical to design AC speed regulation control system, slects EPM7128 CPLD chip of Atera company. Applies CPLD to design AC speed regulation control system and uses software MAX+plusⅡto carry on the translation program to the simulation. It includes the design of system main power and the determination of element parameter, the principle of CPLD digital systems, the achievement of AC motor rotational speed based CPLD. In addition, has designed the system periphery control circuit which includes start/stop control and speed regulation shift ways and steer control.
目前,电机控制芯片主要有两种选择:一种是全定制专用集成芯片(ASIC),一种是单片机(MCU)或数字信号处理器(DSP)。本文利用CPLD控制交流异步电机。CPLD的数字资源丰富、工作频率高、可在系统编程等特点使得开发灵活、开发周期相对短。设计复杂CPLD/FPGA的硬件描述语言最主要的是VHDL和Verilog HDL,本文分别对其进行了阐述并比较其各自的优缺点。VHDL语言作为一种新型的硬件描述语言,主要用于数字电路与系统的描述、模拟和自动设计,是当今电子设计自动化(EDA)的核心技术。VHDL语言在数字系统设计中具有硬件描述能力强,设计方法灵活等优点,从而大大降低了数字系统设计的难度,提高了工作效率。
本次课题使用SVPWM技术设计交流调速控制系统,选用Altera的EPM7128 CPLD芯片,选择VHDL语言对交流控制系统进行编程,使用软件MAX+plusⅡ对程序进行编译仿真。其中包括系统主电源的设计及元件参数确定、CPLD数字系统工作原理以及CPLD控制交流电机转速的实现。同时,设计了系统外围控制电路:启动/停止控制、转速的改变方式以及转向控制。
Following the rapid development of economic, more and more importance is attached to the energy sources problem by countries all over the world. Taking high effective advantage for energy sources is becoming more exigent, especially the power source which has a close relationship to our routine life. As the most consumer of power source, motor's energy saving is paid more attentiong to. There are many kinds of manners to perform energy saving for motor, variable frequency adiusting speed contol is the widest applied method at present in this field. This paper introduces techniques of variable-frequency AC drivers, SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) and SVPWM (Space Vector PWM) are introduced in detail.
At the present time, there are two choices for motor control IC: One is MCU(Micro-Chip Unit); the other is DSP (Digital Signal Prosessor). As an alternative for these two common methods, CPLD have adwantages of the high frequency, large scale and the freture of ISP (in system programming), which make it easier and fester to design control systems. At present, VHDL and Verilog HDL are main hardware description language to design complex CPLD/FPGA. This paper describes them separately and compares their respective advantages and disadvantages. VHDL, as a new type of hardware description language, is used to describe, simulate and automatically desige digital system. Nowadays, it becomes a key technology in electronic design automatic (EDA). VHDL is strong in hafdware description and flexible in design method. It could reduce the design difficulty of diagital system and improve efficiency.
This topic uses the SVPWM technical to design AC speed regulation control system, slects EPM7128 CPLD chip of Atera company. Applies CPLD to design AC speed regulation control system and uses software MAX+plusⅡto carry on the translation program to the simulation. It includes the design of system main power and the determination of element parameter, the principle of CPLD digital systems, the achievement of AC motor rotational speed based CPLD. In addition, has designed the system periphery control circuit which includes start/stop control and speed regulation shift ways and steer control.
引文
[1]张少军,杜金城交流调速原理及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[2]廖日坤.CPLD/PPGA嵌入式应用开发技术白金手册[J].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[3]金西.VHDL与复杂数字系统设计[M].西安:西安员了科技大学出版社,2003.
[4]求实科技.CPLD/FPGA应用开发技术与工程实践[M].北京:人民邮电出版社发行,2005.
[5]张正明,卓正安.电路与电子技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[6]张凯,林伟.VuDL实例剖析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[7]程宪平.机电传动与控制[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997.
[8]陈荣,陈华.VHDL芯片设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[9]汉泽西.EDA技术及其应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[10]陈国呈.PWM变频调速及软开关电力变换技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[11]K.Matsui and M.Konishi A Method of PWM Power Regenerative Control by using Thyristor Rectifier Bridge of Voltage source Inverter and switching Transistor[J].IEEE-LAS.ANN.MTG REC,1990.
[12]陈国呈.PWMM变频调速技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[13]Feermter M,Aquino P,Dawson D M,et al.Sensorless rotor velocity control for induction motors[J].IEEE Tranas.on Indus.Appl-icat,2002,9(4):645-653
[14]褚振勇,翁木云.FPGA设计及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[15]黄立培.变频器应用技术及电动机调速[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.
[16]林义荣.CPU/SOC及外围电路应用设计-基于FPGA/CPLD[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[17]高书莉,罗朝霞.可编程逻辑设计技术及应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[18]廖裕评.数字电路设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[19]黄正瑾.CPLD系统设计技术入门与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[20]张燕宾.常用变频器功能手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[21]Kould M,Shotaro T,Tatsuya Y,et al.A speed sonsorless vector control of induction motor operating at high efficiency taking core loss into account[J].IEEE Trans.on Indus.Applicat.,2001,37(2):548-557
[22]王水平.PWM控制与驱动器使用指南及应用-单端控制与驱动部分[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[23]樊立平,王忠庆.电力电子技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社:北京大学出版社,2006.
[24]舒志兵.交流伺服运动控制系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[25]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[25]汪木兰 数控原理与系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[26]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[27]李大中.电机控制[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002.
[28]李华德,白晶,李志民.交流调速控制控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[29]吴忠智,吴加林,变频器应用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[30]薛定宇,系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[31]张永相,机电控制理论及应用[M],重庆:重庆大学出版社,2002.
[32]李军民;黎亚元,陈廷成.基于DSP的无速度传感器直接转矩控制研究[J].电机与控制学报,2005(05),432-435.
[33]王士元.C语言实用程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[34]江思敏.TMS320LF240X DSP硬件开发教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[35]王晓明.电动机的DSP控制[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[36]邓启文 用SVPWM调制模式实现定V/F变频调速[J].中小型电机,2003.2.
[37]贺益康.交流电机的计算机仿真[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[38]何雪明,吴晓光,常兴.数控技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006
[39]王卫东.模拟电子电路基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[40]贾正春.电力电子学[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[41]张燕宾.实用变频调速技术培训教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[2]廖日坤.CPLD/PPGA嵌入式应用开发技术白金手册[J].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[3]金西.VHDL与复杂数字系统设计[M].西安:西安员了科技大学出版社,2003.
[4]求实科技.CPLD/FPGA应用开发技术与工程实践[M].北京:人民邮电出版社发行,2005.
[5]张正明,卓正安.电路与电子技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[6]张凯,林伟.VuDL实例剖析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[7]程宪平.机电传动与控制[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997.
[8]陈荣,陈华.VHDL芯片设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[9]汉泽西.EDA技术及其应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[10]陈国呈.PWM变频调速及软开关电力变换技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[11]K.Matsui and M.Konishi A Method of PWM Power Regenerative Control by using Thyristor Rectifier Bridge of Voltage source Inverter and switching Transistor[J].IEEE-LAS.ANN.MTG REC,1990.
[12]陈国呈.PWMM变频调速技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[13]Feermter M,Aquino P,Dawson D M,et al.Sensorless rotor velocity control for induction motors[J].IEEE Tranas.on Indus.Appl-icat,2002,9(4):645-653
[14]褚振勇,翁木云.FPGA设计及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[15]黄立培.变频器应用技术及电动机调速[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.
[16]林义荣.CPU/SOC及外围电路应用设计-基于FPGA/CPLD[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[17]高书莉,罗朝霞.可编程逻辑设计技术及应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[18]廖裕评.数字电路设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[19]黄正瑾.CPLD系统设计技术入门与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[20]张燕宾.常用变频器功能手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[21]Kould M,Shotaro T,Tatsuya Y,et al.A speed sonsorless vector control of induction motor operating at high efficiency taking core loss into account[J].IEEE Trans.on Indus.Applicat.,2001,37(2):548-557
[22]王水平.PWM控制与驱动器使用指南及应用-单端控制与驱动部分[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[23]樊立平,王忠庆.电力电子技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社:北京大学出版社,2006.
[24]舒志兵.交流伺服运动控制系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[25]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[25]汪木兰 数控原理与系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[26]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[27]李大中.电机控制[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002.
[28]李华德,白晶,李志民.交流调速控制控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[29]吴忠智,吴加林,变频器应用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[30]薛定宇,系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[31]张永相,机电控制理论及应用[M],重庆:重庆大学出版社,2002.
[32]李军民;黎亚元,陈廷成.基于DSP的无速度传感器直接转矩控制研究[J].电机与控制学报,2005(05),432-435.
[33]王士元.C语言实用程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[34]江思敏.TMS320LF240X DSP硬件开发教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[35]王晓明.电动机的DSP控制[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[36]邓启文 用SVPWM调制模式实现定V/F变频调速[J].中小型电机,2003.2.
[37]贺益康.交流电机的计算机仿真[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[38]何雪明,吴晓光,常兴.数控技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006
[39]王卫东.模拟电子电路基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[40]贾正春.电力电子学[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[41]张燕宾.实用变频调速技术培训教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.