透射式光学粉尘浓度监测技术研究及应用
|
摘要
目前，大气中烟尘等颗粒物的污染问题越来越受到人们的重视，因此烟尘浓度的监测技术发展非常迅速。其中透射式光学测量方法以其测量周期短，不干扰测量场，易于实现在线实时测量等优点被日益广泛应用。但是该方法在测量过程中容易受到外界环境的干扰，导致测量结果不准确。
我们在分析了透射式光学粉尘浓度在线测量法的原理及基本光路的基础上，利用无烟煤和气煤粉尘进行实验，总结推导了消光系数与粉尘的浓度、粒径及粉尘物质的密度的关系。从而得到了可以直接指导实际粉尘浓度检测过程中确定消光系数的经验公式。分析了在测量过程中可能给测量结果带来误差的各种因素。将双光路差分法应用到透射式粉尘浓度测量，通过推导得出了传统差分方法不能有效消除光源波动、温度变化等因素带来的误差。在此基础上提出了一种新的差分思路并推导这种思路的可行性。改进了透射式光学粉尘浓度在线测量系统的光路和电路设计，确定了测量的步骤。通过实验对比单光路、传统的双光路差分法以及新的双光路差分方法在消除误差影响方面的能力，验证了改进的透射式光学粉尘浓度检测系统的可靠性。
把这种透射式双光路粉尘浓度在线监测系统应用于静电除尘系统，以测得的粉尘浓度信号作为参考，实现了电除尘器的实时动态调节，提高了其自动化水平，具有重要的技术与经济价值。
Nowadays, people have increasingly paid much attention to the pollution problem such as soot in the atmosphere, so the monitoring technology of the density of soot is
developing rapidly. The transmission-model optical measurement has a wide application because this method has a short measurement period, does not interfere the measuring field, and is easy to realize online real-tune monitor. But this method is apt to be interfered with the external environment in the course of measuring, and finally leads to the inaccurate result.
On the basis of analyzing the principle and the basic system of the transmission-model optical online monitor emphatically, we have made an experiment with the dust of anthracite and gas coal to derive the relation between light extinct coefficient and dust density, particle size and density of the material. Consequently, an experiential formula has been got which can guide confirming of light extinct coefficient in the actual measurement. Various kinds of factors that may bring errors to the result of measuring have also been analyzed. Applying two-beam-optics to the transmission-model optical measurement of dust density, we have confirmed that the traditional difference method can not clean up the influence of light source fluctuating, temperature change etc. So a new thought of two-beam-optics difference method has been put forward, and it's feasibility has been verified. We also have mended the design of the system and confirmed the measuring process. Through making the experiment to compare among capaci
ty of error canceling of single-beam-optics, traditional two-beam-optics difference and the new two-beam-optics difference method, the dependability of improved transmission-model optical measuring system has been verified.
By applying this kind of transmission-model two-beam-optical on-line monitoring system of dust density to the high-voltage electrostatic dust-collecting system, the
system based on the signal of dust density has realized the real-time control of the electrostatic precipitator which automatic level has been improved, and has technical and great economic significance.
我们在分析了透射式光学粉尘浓度在线测量法的原理及基本光路的基础上，利用无烟煤和气煤粉尘进行实验，总结推导了消光系数与粉尘的浓度、粒径及粉尘物质的密度的关系。从而得到了可以直接指导实际粉尘浓度检测过程中确定消光系数的经验公式。分析了在测量过程中可能给测量结果带来误差的各种因素。将双光路差分法应用到透射式粉尘浓度测量，通过推导得出了传统差分方法不能有效消除光源波动、温度变化等因素带来的误差。在此基础上提出了一种新的差分思路并推导这种思路的可行性。改进了透射式光学粉尘浓度在线测量系统的光路和电路设计，确定了测量的步骤。通过实验对比单光路、传统的双光路差分法以及新的双光路差分方法在消除误差影响方面的能力，验证了改进的透射式光学粉尘浓度检测系统的可靠性。
把这种透射式双光路粉尘浓度在线监测系统应用于静电除尘系统，以测得的粉尘浓度信号作为参考，实现了电除尘器的实时动态调节，提高了其自动化水平，具有重要的技术与经济价值。
Nowadays, people have increasingly paid much attention to the pollution problem such as soot in the atmosphere, so the monitoring technology of the density of soot is
developing rapidly. The transmission-model optical measurement has a wide application because this method has a short measurement period, does not interfere the measuring field, and is easy to realize online real-tune monitor. But this method is apt to be interfered with the external environment in the course of measuring, and finally leads to the inaccurate result.
On the basis of analyzing the principle and the basic system of the transmission-model optical online monitor emphatically, we have made an experiment with the dust of anthracite and gas coal to derive the relation between light extinct coefficient and dust density, particle size and density of the material. Consequently, an experiential formula has been got which can guide confirming of light extinct coefficient in the actual measurement. Various kinds of factors that may bring errors to the result of measuring have also been analyzed. Applying two-beam-optics to the transmission-model optical measurement of dust density, we have confirmed that the traditional difference method can not clean up the influence of light source fluctuating, temperature change etc. So a new thought of two-beam-optics difference method has been put forward, and it's feasibility has been verified. We also have mended the design of the system and confirmed the measuring process. Through making the experiment to compare among capaci
ty of error canceling of single-beam-optics, traditional two-beam-optics difference and the new two-beam-optics difference method, the dependability of improved transmission-model optical measuring system has been verified.
By applying this kind of transmission-model two-beam-optical on-line monitoring system of dust density to the high-voltage electrostatic dust-collecting system, the
system based on the signal of dust density has realized the real-time control of the electrostatic precipitator which automatic level has been improved, and has technical and great economic significance.
引文
1、《大气固定源的采样和分析》编委会编译，大气固定源的采样和分析 1993
2、吴忠标主编，大气污染控制工程，化学工业出版社，2001
3、克里门科[俄]，粉尘浓度的连续监测，新时代出版社，1984．
4、国家环境保护总局科技标准司，中国环境保护标准汇编～大气环境分册，中国环境科学出版社，2001
5、王茂新 王瑞仙 李国华 译，大气污染浓度预测技术手册，气象出版社，1992
6、马广大等，大气污染控制工程，中国环境科学出版社，1985
7、Kenneth Wark, Air Pollution its Origin and Control, A Dun-Donnedley Publisher, 1976
8、P.G.W. Hawksley, Measurement of Solids in Flue Gases, Adbard & Son Ltd, Dorking, 1977
9、于正然 刘光栓 单嫣娜 常德华，烟尘烟气测试实用技术，中国环境科学出版社，1990．13～43
10、唐臻宇 耿海翔 杨光群，粉尘浓度测量方法的研究及测量仪器的研制，四川大学学报(工程科学版)，2000．7
11、郭静 阮宜纶 主编，大气污染控制工程，化学工业出版社 1995
12、吴邦灿 费龙 编著，现代环境监测技术，中国环境科学出版社，1999
13、Yan Y, Byrne B, Coulthard J, Radiation Attenuation of Pulverised Fuel in Pneumatic Conveying Systems, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 1993.
14、Averdieck, W, Improving Efficiency of Powder Milk Spray Dryer by On-line Measurement of Particle Emissions and Powder Mass Flow Trends,
Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on On-line Flow Measurement of Particulate Solids, July 1998.
15、孙景群 编著，激光探测大气污染，科学出版社，1992
16、吕心起，JYZ1型烟气浊度在线检测仪，电除尘及气体净化，1996．5
17、刘子超 赵云惠，液雾及颗粒的激光测量原理，宇航出版社，1988
18、奚旦立 孙裕生 刘秀英，环境监测(修订版)，高等教育出版社 1999
19、周天则，环境分析监测的近况和进展，环境科学丛刊，1985
20、程俊人，大气污染物分析，北京科学出版社，1978
21、T. lzumi N. Takeda, Repetitive Scanning Derivative Spectrometer as a Monitor of Environmental Air Pollution, Applied Optics, 1983
22、Yan Y, Mass Flow Measurement of Bulk Solids in Pneumatic Pipelines, Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 1687-1706, December 1996.
23、Yan Y, On-line Velocity Measurement of Particulate Solids Using Electrostatic Sensors, Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on On-line Flow Measurement of Particulate Solids, 1998.
24、崔九思等主编 《大气污染检测法》，化学工业出版社
25、钱浚霞 郑坚立 编，光电检测技术，机械工业出版社
26、Johnson P A and Moreby T, Survey of Requirements for a Gas/Solids Calibration Facility, November 1996.
27、Byrne B, Woodhead S R, Coulthard J, Velocity Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids Using Electrodynamic Sensors, Measurement Science and Technology, 1995.
28、梁清华 李亮之 刘春玲，硅光电池温度补偿法的研究，焊管，2003
29、百日午 王浦，硅光电池辐射测温的误差分析，仪表技术，2002
30、M．汲恩 E．沃耳夫 著，光学原理，科学出版社，1981．
31、I. Linnerud, P. Kaspersen, T. Jger, Gas Monitoring in the Process Industry Using Diode Laser Spectroscopy, Appl Phys, 1998
32、H.I. Schiff, G.I. Mackay, J. Bechara, The Use of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for Atmospheric Measurements, In Chemical Analysis Series, 1994
33、P. Werle, High Sensitivity Gas Analysis by Mid and Near Infrared Diode Lasers, 1998
34、H.B.H. Cooper, A.T. Rossano, Source Testing for Air Pollution Control, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York 1971
35、余季延，电除尘器计算机智能控制系统设计，电力环境保护，1999
36、林莘，现代高压电器技术，机械工业出版社，2002
37、张殿印 张学义，除尘技术手册，冶金工业出版社，2002
38、王晓娟 李宏 黄元忠，催化剂颗粒激光在线检测分析系统的研制，石油化工自动化，1999．3．28
39、王自亮，消光系数的确定方法，煤炭学报，2000
2、吴忠标主编，大气污染控制工程，化学工业出版社，2001
3、克里门科[俄]，粉尘浓度的连续监测，新时代出版社，1984．
4、国家环境保护总局科技标准司，中国环境保护标准汇编～大气环境分册，中国环境科学出版社，2001
5、王茂新 王瑞仙 李国华 译，大气污染浓度预测技术手册，气象出版社，1992
6、马广大等，大气污染控制工程，中国环境科学出版社，1985
7、Kenneth Wark, Air Pollution its Origin and Control, A Dun-Donnedley Publisher, 1976
8、P.G.W. Hawksley, Measurement of Solids in Flue Gases, Adbard & Son Ltd, Dorking, 1977
9、于正然 刘光栓 单嫣娜 常德华，烟尘烟气测试实用技术，中国环境科学出版社，1990．13～43
10、唐臻宇 耿海翔 杨光群，粉尘浓度测量方法的研究及测量仪器的研制，四川大学学报(工程科学版)，2000．7
11、郭静 阮宜纶 主编，大气污染控制工程，化学工业出版社 1995
12、吴邦灿 费龙 编著，现代环境监测技术，中国环境科学出版社，1999
13、Yan Y, Byrne B, Coulthard J, Radiation Attenuation of Pulverised Fuel in Pneumatic Conveying Systems, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 1993.
14、Averdieck, W, Improving Efficiency of Powder Milk Spray Dryer by On-line Measurement of Particle Emissions and Powder Mass Flow Trends,
Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on On-line Flow Measurement of Particulate Solids, July 1998.
15、孙景群 编著，激光探测大气污染，科学出版社，1992
16、吕心起，JYZ1型烟气浊度在线检测仪，电除尘及气体净化，1996．5
17、刘子超 赵云惠，液雾及颗粒的激光测量原理，宇航出版社，1988
18、奚旦立 孙裕生 刘秀英，环境监测(修订版)，高等教育出版社 1999
19、周天则，环境分析监测的近况和进展，环境科学丛刊，1985
20、程俊人，大气污染物分析，北京科学出版社，1978
21、T. lzumi N. Takeda, Repetitive Scanning Derivative Spectrometer as a Monitor of Environmental Air Pollution, Applied Optics, 1983
22、Yan Y, Mass Flow Measurement of Bulk Solids in Pneumatic Pipelines, Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 1687-1706, December 1996.
23、Yan Y, On-line Velocity Measurement of Particulate Solids Using Electrostatic Sensors, Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on On-line Flow Measurement of Particulate Solids, 1998.
24、崔九思等主编 《大气污染检测法》，化学工业出版社
25、钱浚霞 郑坚立 编，光电检测技术，机械工业出版社
26、Johnson P A and Moreby T, Survey of Requirements for a Gas/Solids Calibration Facility, November 1996.
27、Byrne B, Woodhead S R, Coulthard J, Velocity Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids Using Electrodynamic Sensors, Measurement Science and Technology, 1995.
28、梁清华 李亮之 刘春玲，硅光电池温度补偿法的研究，焊管，2003
29、百日午 王浦，硅光电池辐射测温的误差分析，仪表技术，2002
30、M．汲恩 E．沃耳夫 著，光学原理，科学出版社，1981．
31、I. Linnerud, P. Kaspersen, T. Jger, Gas Monitoring in the Process Industry Using Diode Laser Spectroscopy, Appl Phys, 1998
32、H.I. Schiff, G.I. Mackay, J. Bechara, The Use of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for Atmospheric Measurements, In Chemical Analysis Series, 1994
33、P. Werle, High Sensitivity Gas Analysis by Mid and Near Infrared Diode Lasers, 1998
34、H.B.H. Cooper, A.T. Rossano, Source Testing for Air Pollution Control, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York 1971
35、余季延，电除尘器计算机智能控制系统设计，电力环境保护，1999
36、林莘，现代高压电器技术，机械工业出版社，2002
37、张殿印 张学义，除尘技术手册，冶金工业出版社，2002
38、王晓娟 李宏 黄元忠，催化剂颗粒激光在线检测分析系统的研制，石油化工自动化，1999．3．28
39、王自亮，消光系数的确定方法，煤炭学报，2000