人眼光学数字化模型及其光学参数干涉测试方法的研究
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摘要
从光学角度而言,眼球是一个典型的成像仪器,人眼光学数字化模型及其光学参数干涉测试方法的研究,一直都是光学、眼科学和视光学领域的热门课题。围绕这个研究主题,主要研究了我国人眼平均模型和个性化模型的建立及应用,并研究人眼角膜地形(面型)和眼内间距的光学干涉测量技术。
应用光学设计软件Zemax,研究了人眼内部关键模型,主要包括:建立了角膜双二次曲面面型的光学模型;进行了晶状体梯度渐变折射率分布的光学模型建立,并通过C语言调入Zemax中实现;建立了基于Conrady色散方程拟合的眼内各介质色散模型,并在Zemax中构建了相应的折射率分布数据库。应用统计分析软件SPSS 13.0,对我国人眼参数的大量实测采集数据,进行了正态性检验与95%的置信区间确定等分析。
以实测参数的统计处理结果和模拟的眼内关键模型为基础,研究了我国人眼平均模型和个性化模型的建立。在Zemax中通过多重结构功能建立了2个瞳孔直径(3mm和6mm)的人眼光学系统结构,以同时重现2个瞳孔时的实测人眼像差为目标,逆向构建了我国人眼平均模型,其像差重现精度(RMS误差)分别为0.0712μm(小瞳孔3mm)和0.1675μm(大瞳孔6mm)。在个性化人眼模型的研究中,对不同形式的晶状体面型和折射率分布表示分别进行了对比与讨论,提高了实测人眼像差的重现精度,RMS误差分别为0.0089μm(小瞳孔3mm)和0.0098μm(大瞳孔6mm)。
在我国人眼模型的基础上,进行了以下三个方面的应用分析:建立可用于角膜屈光手术中的角膜切削模型;通过人工晶体的非球面面型、渐变折射率分布对人眼成像质量的改善,及其边缘形状可能使患者产生眩光等方面的分析,为人工晶体的设计提供了指导作用;通过采用Zernike多项式来描述角膜前表面,进行了超视力人眼模型的建立及其成像质量的分析。结果表明,在眼视光学中,基于人眼模型的分析具有全面性、系统性的特点,进一步证实了人眼模型的研究具有重要意义。
从理论和实验上分析了对振动不敏感的横向和径向剪切干涉法,通过引入不同的移相方法进行了移相剪切干涉技术的研究,选用人眼角膜地形的环路径向剪切干涉测量方案,并设计了实验系统,获得了初步的实验结果。对部分相干原理在眼内间距测量中的应用进行了初步探讨。理论分析了部分相干测量原理和眼内测距时存在的色散问题,搭建了部分相干测量的简易实验系统,对不同分界面的光学玻璃薄片进行了实验测量及误差分析,得到了较好的结果。
The human eye is a typical imaging instrument. The study of the eye optical model and optical measuring of ocular parameters by interferometry is always a popular topic in optics, optometry and ophthalmology.
With the optical design software Zemax (Zemax Development Corp. San Diego, Calif.), the key optical models of eye model, including the corneal optical model with bi-conic surface, the lens gradient-index (GRIN) distribution model and chromatic dispersion models of ocular media are built. The lens GRIN model programmed in C language is loaded in Zemax. The chromatic dispersion models of ocular media represented by Conrady equations are built as a refractive index database to be called in Zemax. The measured data of ocular parameters are analyzed on normality test and the 95% confidence interval with statistical analysis software SPSS 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago).
A generic eye model and a personalized eye model based on Chinese population are built. The initial eye model is from the key optical models of eye model and statistical results of the measured data. In order to reproduce the measured eye aberrations at two pupil diameters (3mm & 6mm), the two optical systems with different pupil diameters are built simultaneously by the multi-configuration function in Zemax. The generic eye model is obtained with the reproduce precision (RMS errors) are 0.0712μm (pupil diameter=3mm) and 0.1675μm (pupil diameter=6mm) respectively. On the research of personalized eye model, the fidelity is improved by using complex surface type to express lens. And the RMS errors are 0.0089μm (pupil diameter=3mm) and 0.0098μm (pupil diameter=6mm) respectively.
Based on the generic eye model, the applications of eye model are presented on corneal ablation model, the design of Intraocular Lens (IOL) and the supernormal vision model. The results show that the analyses based on eye models are comprehensive.
The corneal topography and the intraocular distances measurements by interferometry are studied. The shearing interferometry is vibration insensitive. The lateral shearing interferometry and radial shearing interferometry with different phase-shifting methods are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. And the experimental system of cyclic radial shearing interferometry for corneal topography measurement is designed. The intraocular distances measurement based on Partial Coherence Interferometry (PCI) is discussed. The measurement principles of PCI and dispersion effects in PCI are analyzed. A simple experimental system based on PCI measurement is designed. And the measurement of glass slices with different thickness is presented.
应用光学设计软件Zemax,研究了人眼内部关键模型,主要包括:建立了角膜双二次曲面面型的光学模型;进行了晶状体梯度渐变折射率分布的光学模型建立,并通过C语言调入Zemax中实现;建立了基于Conrady色散方程拟合的眼内各介质色散模型,并在Zemax中构建了相应的折射率分布数据库。应用统计分析软件SPSS 13.0,对我国人眼参数的大量实测采集数据,进行了正态性检验与95%的置信区间确定等分析。
以实测参数的统计处理结果和模拟的眼内关键模型为基础,研究了我国人眼平均模型和个性化模型的建立。在Zemax中通过多重结构功能建立了2个瞳孔直径(3mm和6mm)的人眼光学系统结构,以同时重现2个瞳孔时的实测人眼像差为目标,逆向构建了我国人眼平均模型,其像差重现精度(RMS误差)分别为0.0712μm(小瞳孔3mm)和0.1675μm(大瞳孔6mm)。在个性化人眼模型的研究中,对不同形式的晶状体面型和折射率分布表示分别进行了对比与讨论,提高了实测人眼像差的重现精度,RMS误差分别为0.0089μm(小瞳孔3mm)和0.0098μm(大瞳孔6mm)。
在我国人眼模型的基础上,进行了以下三个方面的应用分析:建立可用于角膜屈光手术中的角膜切削模型;通过人工晶体的非球面面型、渐变折射率分布对人眼成像质量的改善,及其边缘形状可能使患者产生眩光等方面的分析,为人工晶体的设计提供了指导作用;通过采用Zernike多项式来描述角膜前表面,进行了超视力人眼模型的建立及其成像质量的分析。结果表明,在眼视光学中,基于人眼模型的分析具有全面性、系统性的特点,进一步证实了人眼模型的研究具有重要意义。
从理论和实验上分析了对振动不敏感的横向和径向剪切干涉法,通过引入不同的移相方法进行了移相剪切干涉技术的研究,选用人眼角膜地形的环路径向剪切干涉测量方案,并设计了实验系统,获得了初步的实验结果。对部分相干原理在眼内间距测量中的应用进行了初步探讨。理论分析了部分相干测量原理和眼内测距时存在的色散问题,搭建了部分相干测量的简易实验系统,对不同分界面的光学玻璃薄片进行了实验测量及误差分析,得到了较好的结果。
The human eye is a typical imaging instrument. The study of the eye optical model and optical measuring of ocular parameters by interferometry is always a popular topic in optics, optometry and ophthalmology.
With the optical design software Zemax (Zemax Development Corp. San Diego, Calif.), the key optical models of eye model, including the corneal optical model with bi-conic surface, the lens gradient-index (GRIN) distribution model and chromatic dispersion models of ocular media are built. The lens GRIN model programmed in C language is loaded in Zemax. The chromatic dispersion models of ocular media represented by Conrady equations are built as a refractive index database to be called in Zemax. The measured data of ocular parameters are analyzed on normality test and the 95% confidence interval with statistical analysis software SPSS 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago).
A generic eye model and a personalized eye model based on Chinese population are built. The initial eye model is from the key optical models of eye model and statistical results of the measured data. In order to reproduce the measured eye aberrations at two pupil diameters (3mm & 6mm), the two optical systems with different pupil diameters are built simultaneously by the multi-configuration function in Zemax. The generic eye model is obtained with the reproduce precision (RMS errors) are 0.0712μm (pupil diameter=3mm) and 0.1675μm (pupil diameter=6mm) respectively. On the research of personalized eye model, the fidelity is improved by using complex surface type to express lens. And the RMS errors are 0.0089μm (pupil diameter=3mm) and 0.0098μm (pupil diameter=6mm) respectively.
Based on the generic eye model, the applications of eye model are presented on corneal ablation model, the design of Intraocular Lens (IOL) and the supernormal vision model. The results show that the analyses based on eye models are comprehensive.
The corneal topography and the intraocular distances measurements by interferometry are studied. The shearing interferometry is vibration insensitive. The lateral shearing interferometry and radial shearing interferometry with different phase-shifting methods are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. And the experimental system of cyclic radial shearing interferometry for corneal topography measurement is designed. The intraocular distances measurement based on Partial Coherence Interferometry (PCI) is discussed. The measurement principles of PCI and dispersion effects in PCI are analyzed. A simple experimental system based on PCI measurement is designed. And the measurement of glass slices with different thickness is presented.
引文
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