不等厚金属非金属复合构件的相控阵超声脱粘检测技术研究
摘要
不等厚金属非金属复合构件以其优越的性能而广泛应用于航空航天领域,在使用过程中由于粘接界面脱粘而造成的事故往往是灾难性的,因此亟需对界面粘接质量进行准确的检测,以保证产品质量和使用安全。本文针对不等厚金属非金属复合构件的特点,提出了采用相控阵超声检测方式对该构件界面进行脱粘检测的方法。
根据超声相控阵声束控制理论,建立了相位延时的数学模型,分析了不等厚构件的相控阵超声脱粘检测技术的可行性和优越性。通过研究超声阵列探头声场的指向性、时间延时精度和系统独立通道数对超声检测分辨率的影响,结合检测精度的要求,确定了相控阵探头和检测系统的具体参数,并利用该参数对多层介质的相控聚焦折射声场进行了仿真研究。分别采用普通聚焦探头和相控阵探头对不等厚试块进行了脱粘检测实验,采用软件延时技术对相控阵检测实验数据按聚焦规律进行合成,得到相控阵检测方式的C扫描灰度图和二值化图,并计算了脱粘区域的位置和面积,检测结果与普通聚焦探头相比,可以看出相控阵检测技术具有较高的检测分辨率和检测能力。
总之,本论文的研究对于推动我国相控阵超声检测技术的发展具有重要意义。
More and more not uniform thickness metal and nonmetallic compound components have been widely applied in aeronautics industry for their superior performances. The accident is often disastrous for adhesive interface debonding in the use process. So it is urgently needed to make an accurate detection for the adhesive quality of interface and insure the quality and use security of the products. According to the characteristic of the not uniform thickness compound component, phased array ultrasonic testing method is proposed to detect debonding on adhesive interface of this component.
Based on the beam control theory, the phase delay mathematical model is established and the feasibility and the superiority of phased array ultrasonic debond testing technology on the not uniform thickness component is analyzed. The following analysis mainly focus on the influence of the sound field directivity of phased array probe, time delay precision and the system independent channels to the ultrasonic testing resolution. According to the test precision request, the specific experimental parameters of the system and probe is given. And then, focused refraction sound field of multi-layer mediums is simulated using the parameters. Debond testing experiment of not uniform thickness has carried on separately using the ordinary focused probe and the phased array probe. This paper synthesizes the experimental data of phased array probe making use of the focusing rule and the software time delay technology, then get the C-scan image and binary image to calculate the position and area of the debonding region. Comparing the testing results of phased array probe method and ordinary focused probe method, it can conclude that the phased array probe method has higher testing resolution and testing ability.
Above all, the research findings above have great significance for the development of phased array ultrasonic testing technology.
根据超声相控阵声束控制理论,建立了相位延时的数学模型,分析了不等厚构件的相控阵超声脱粘检测技术的可行性和优越性。通过研究超声阵列探头声场的指向性、时间延时精度和系统独立通道数对超声检测分辨率的影响,结合检测精度的要求,确定了相控阵探头和检测系统的具体参数,并利用该参数对多层介质的相控聚焦折射声场进行了仿真研究。分别采用普通聚焦探头和相控阵探头对不等厚试块进行了脱粘检测实验,采用软件延时技术对相控阵检测实验数据按聚焦规律进行合成,得到相控阵检测方式的C扫描灰度图和二值化图,并计算了脱粘区域的位置和面积,检测结果与普通聚焦探头相比,可以看出相控阵检测技术具有较高的检测分辨率和检测能力。
总之,本论文的研究对于推动我国相控阵超声检测技术的发展具有重要意义。
More and more not uniform thickness metal and nonmetallic compound components have been widely applied in aeronautics industry for their superior performances. The accident is often disastrous for adhesive interface debonding in the use process. So it is urgently needed to make an accurate detection for the adhesive quality of interface and insure the quality and use security of the products. According to the characteristic of the not uniform thickness compound component, phased array ultrasonic testing method is proposed to detect debonding on adhesive interface of this component.
Based on the beam control theory, the phase delay mathematical model is established and the feasibility and the superiority of phased array ultrasonic debond testing technology on the not uniform thickness component is analyzed. The following analysis mainly focus on the influence of the sound field directivity of phased array probe, time delay precision and the system independent channels to the ultrasonic testing resolution. According to the test precision request, the specific experimental parameters of the system and probe is given. And then, focused refraction sound field of multi-layer mediums is simulated using the parameters. Debond testing experiment of not uniform thickness has carried on separately using the ordinary focused probe and the phased array probe. This paper synthesizes the experimental data of phased array probe making use of the focusing rule and the software time delay technology, then get the C-scan image and binary image to calculate the position and area of the debonding region. Comparing the testing results of phased array probe method and ordinary focused probe method, it can conclude that the phased array probe method has higher testing resolution and testing ability.
Above all, the research findings above have great significance for the development of phased array ultrasonic testing technology.
引文
[1] 尹华丽,王清和.界面粘接性能的影响因素[J].固体火箭技术,1998,21(3): 40-46.
[2] 赵慧蓉.固体火箭发动机喷管粘接界面的超声检测[J].固体火箭技术,2000, 23 (2):74-78.
[3] 赵霞.基于相控阵超声脱展检测系统研究[D].硕士学位论文,太原:中北大学,2006.
[4] 吴庆刚.多界面脱粘超声检测技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,太原:华北工学院,2002.
[5] M.X.Li. Principles of an acoustic impendence method for detection and location of non-bonds in adhesive-bonded muitilayered joints[J]. NBT International, 1982, 15:129-176.
[6] C.H.Gnyott. The ultrasonic vibration characteristics of adhesive joints[J]. J.A.S.A., 1988, 83(2):632-640.
[7] T.Pialucha. An investigation of the accuracy of oblique incidence ultrasonic reflection coeffcient measurements[J]. J.A.S.A,1994,96(3):1651-1660.
[8] A.Pilarski. A transverse-wave ultrasonic oblique incidence technique for interfacial weakness detection in adhesive bonds[J]. J.Appl.Phys.,1988:300-307.
[9] A.Vary. Acousto-ultrasonic characterization of fiber reinforced composite[J]. Material Evaluation,1982,40:650-662.
[10] J.C.Duck. Acousto-Ultrasonic[M]. Plenum Press, New York, 1988.
[11] S.I.Rokhlin. Lamb wave interaction with lap-shear adhesive joints: theory and experiment[J]. J.A.S.A.,1991,89(6):2758-2765.
[12] M.R.Karim. Inversion of leaky lamb wave data by simplex algorithm[J]. J.A.S.A.,1990,88 (1):482-491.
[13] 王召巴,杨风暴等.火箭发动机装药包覆质量诊断的超声新技术[J].华北工学院测试技术学报,2001,15(3):9-13.
[14] Yamashita, Latpasamixay Chansomphou, Hideyuki. micro array sensors using piezoelectric thin films and resonant frequency tuning[J]. Sensors and Actuators, 2004, 114:147-153.
[15] Steve Mahaut a, Jean-Louis Godefroit, Olivier Roy. Application of phased array techniques to coarse grain components inspection[J]. Ultrasonics,2004, 42:791-796.
[16] Fredrik Lingvall. A method of improving overall resolution in ultrasonic array imaging using spatio-temporal deconvolution[J]. Ultrasonics, 2004, 42:961-968.
[17] Von O T, Smith S W. Beam steering with linear arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.1983,30(8):438-452.
[18] 翟亮,孙福成,蒋继伟等.超声热疗技术的发展与应用[J].中国医疗器械杂志. 2002,26(4):281-283.
[19] 孔凡斌,伍烽,王智彪.肿瘤热疗与高强度聚焦超声治疗肿瘤[J].临床超声医学杂志.2001,3(2):101-103.
[20] 鲍苏苏,王鸿樟.高强度相控聚焦超声肿瘤热疗仪与高精度相控实现[J].中国超声医学杂志.1997,13(5):7-9.
[21] Lawrence A, Experimental characterization of ultrasonic phased arrays for the nondestructive evaluation of concrete structures. Materials Evaluation, 1999,57(2):134-140.
[22] Abittan E. Inspection of thermal barriers of primary pumps with phased array probe and piezocomposite technology[J]. The e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing,2000,5(7):22-26.
[23] Stepinski T. Ultrasonic inspection of copper canisters using phased array[J]. The e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing,1998,3(3):55-57.
[24] 徐西刚.基于相控阵列超声无损检测技术研究[D].博士学位论文,北京:清华大学,2003.
[25] 周琦,刘方军,李志军,李旭东.超声相控阵技术的发展及应用[J].无损检测,2002,24(2):69-71.
[26] Fredrik Lingvall. A method of improving overall resolution in ultrasonic array imaging using spatio-temporal deconvolution [J]. Ultrasonics, 2004, 42:961-968.
[27] A.Neild,D.A.Hutchins, T.J.Robertson, L.A.J.Davis, D.R.Billson. The radiated fields of focussing air-coupled ultrasonic phased arrays[J]. Ultrasonics,2005,43:183-195.
[28] Steve Mahaut, Jean-Louis Godefroit , Olivier Roy , G_erard Cattiaux . Application ofphased array techniques to coarse grain components inspection[J]. Ultrasonics, 2004,42 :791-796.
[29] 李衍,李华.用超声波相控阵探伤发测评表面开口缺陷.无损探伤,2001,6:6-11.
[30] 魏巍,汪承灏.有平界面存在时时间反转法的自聚焦性能[J].应用声学,1999,18(3):1-5.
[31] 魏巍,汪承灏. 时间反转(相位共轭)法消相差成像的一些研究.98’全国声学学术会议论文集,1998:299.
[32] 鲍晓宇,施克仁,陈以方,张伟.超声相控阵系统中高精度相控发射的实现[J].清华大学学报,2004,44(2):153-156.
[33] 鲍晓宇,施克仁,陈以方,张伟. 超声相控阵系统中相控发射与同步的实现[J].无损检测,2003,25(10):507-510.
[34] 杨弈,陈以方,付德永. 超声相控阵用于无损检测的一种新方法[J].传感器世界,2003,5:5-8.
[35] 李衍.超声波阵列探头的结构和特性[J].无损探伤,2005:29(6):1-5.
[36] 毛捷.多层粘接超声检测信号处理方法研究[D].博士学位论文,中国科学院,2001.
[37] 陈友兴,王召巴.多界面脱粘超声检测信号处理[J].弹箭与制导学报,2004,24(1):201-203.
[38] 简晓明,李明轩.层状介质界面超声检测的理论分析和自适应噪声抵消原理[J].声学学报,2000,25(4):351-356.
[39] 张建生,李明轩.层状粘接结构超声检测信号的同态卷积脱粘界面顶征[J].应用声学,2001,20(1):23-29.
[40] 张建生,李明轩.多层粘接结构中脱粘界面的人工神经网络余璇变换谱特征识别[J]. 声学学报,2001,26(4):349-354.
[41] R.G.Maev, H.Shao E.Yu.Maeva. Thichness Measurement of a Curved Multilayered Polymer System by Using an Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Method, Curved Multilayered Polymer Measurement[J],1996,16:97-105.
[42] M.Onozuka, K.Kikuchi, A.Kirihigashi. Non-destructive testing of bonded structures for plasma facing components. Fusion Engineering and Design[J],2005,20:595-599.
[43] 李芳.固体火箭发动机包覆层状态识别的研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京:北京航空航 天大学,2001.
[44] 晏荣明,周光平,万高峰等.提高超声无损检测分辨力的方法[J].无损检测,1997,19(4):91-94.
[45] 金树武.医学超声[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1992:45-48.
[46] 陶进绪,周康源,高燕.提高超声图像分辨力的空域滤波方法[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1995,18(4):7-10.
[47] 冯若主编.超声诊断设备原理与设计[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1993:357-378.
[48] 冯若.超声手册[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1999:48,357,778.
[49] Peterson D K, Kino G S. Real-time digital image recons ruction: A descriptive of imaging hardware and analysis of quantitative errors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics,1984, 31(4):337-351.
[2] 赵慧蓉.固体火箭发动机喷管粘接界面的超声检测[J].固体火箭技术,2000, 23 (2):74-78.
[3] 赵霞.基于相控阵超声脱展检测系统研究[D].硕士学位论文,太原:中北大学,2006.
[4] 吴庆刚.多界面脱粘超声检测技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,太原:华北工学院,2002.
[5] M.X.Li. Principles of an acoustic impendence method for detection and location of non-bonds in adhesive-bonded muitilayered joints[J]. NBT International, 1982, 15:129-176.
[6] C.H.Gnyott. The ultrasonic vibration characteristics of adhesive joints[J]. J.A.S.A., 1988, 83(2):632-640.
[7] T.Pialucha. An investigation of the accuracy of oblique incidence ultrasonic reflection coeffcient measurements[J]. J.A.S.A,1994,96(3):1651-1660.
[8] A.Pilarski. A transverse-wave ultrasonic oblique incidence technique for interfacial weakness detection in adhesive bonds[J]. J.Appl.Phys.,1988:300-307.
[9] A.Vary. Acousto-ultrasonic characterization of fiber reinforced composite[J]. Material Evaluation,1982,40:650-662.
[10] J.C.Duck. Acousto-Ultrasonic[M]. Plenum Press, New York, 1988.
[11] S.I.Rokhlin. Lamb wave interaction with lap-shear adhesive joints: theory and experiment[J]. J.A.S.A.,1991,89(6):2758-2765.
[12] M.R.Karim. Inversion of leaky lamb wave data by simplex algorithm[J]. J.A.S.A.,1990,88 (1):482-491.
[13] 王召巴,杨风暴等.火箭发动机装药包覆质量诊断的超声新技术[J].华北工学院测试技术学报,2001,15(3):9-13.
[14] Yamashita, Latpasamixay Chansomphou, Hideyuki. micro array sensors using piezoelectric thin films and resonant frequency tuning[J]. Sensors and Actuators, 2004, 114:147-153.
[15] Steve Mahaut a, Jean-Louis Godefroit, Olivier Roy. Application of phased array techniques to coarse grain components inspection[J]. Ultrasonics,2004, 42:791-796.
[16] Fredrik Lingvall. A method of improving overall resolution in ultrasonic array imaging using spatio-temporal deconvolution[J]. Ultrasonics, 2004, 42:961-968.
[17] Von O T, Smith S W. Beam steering with linear arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.1983,30(8):438-452.
[18] 翟亮,孙福成,蒋继伟等.超声热疗技术的发展与应用[J].中国医疗器械杂志. 2002,26(4):281-283.
[19] 孔凡斌,伍烽,王智彪.肿瘤热疗与高强度聚焦超声治疗肿瘤[J].临床超声医学杂志.2001,3(2):101-103.
[20] 鲍苏苏,王鸿樟.高强度相控聚焦超声肿瘤热疗仪与高精度相控实现[J].中国超声医学杂志.1997,13(5):7-9.
[21] Lawrence A, Experimental characterization of ultrasonic phased arrays for the nondestructive evaluation of concrete structures. Materials Evaluation, 1999,57(2):134-140.
[22] Abittan E. Inspection of thermal barriers of primary pumps with phased array probe and piezocomposite technology[J]. The e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing,2000,5(7):22-26.
[23] Stepinski T. Ultrasonic inspection of copper canisters using phased array[J]. The e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing,1998,3(3):55-57.
[24] 徐西刚.基于相控阵列超声无损检测技术研究[D].博士学位论文,北京:清华大学,2003.
[25] 周琦,刘方军,李志军,李旭东.超声相控阵技术的发展及应用[J].无损检测,2002,24(2):69-71.
[26] Fredrik Lingvall. A method of improving overall resolution in ultrasonic array imaging using spatio-temporal deconvolution [J]. Ultrasonics, 2004, 42:961-968.
[27] A.Neild,D.A.Hutchins, T.J.Robertson, L.A.J.Davis, D.R.Billson. The radiated fields of focussing air-coupled ultrasonic phased arrays[J]. Ultrasonics,2005,43:183-195.
[28] Steve Mahaut, Jean-Louis Godefroit , Olivier Roy , G_erard Cattiaux . Application ofphased array techniques to coarse grain components inspection[J]. Ultrasonics, 2004,42 :791-796.
[29] 李衍,李华.用超声波相控阵探伤发测评表面开口缺陷.无损探伤,2001,6:6-11.
[30] 魏巍,汪承灏.有平界面存在时时间反转法的自聚焦性能[J].应用声学,1999,18(3):1-5.
[31] 魏巍,汪承灏. 时间反转(相位共轭)法消相差成像的一些研究.98’全国声学学术会议论文集,1998:299.
[32] 鲍晓宇,施克仁,陈以方,张伟.超声相控阵系统中高精度相控发射的实现[J].清华大学学报,2004,44(2):153-156.
[33] 鲍晓宇,施克仁,陈以方,张伟. 超声相控阵系统中相控发射与同步的实现[J].无损检测,2003,25(10):507-510.
[34] 杨弈,陈以方,付德永. 超声相控阵用于无损检测的一种新方法[J].传感器世界,2003,5:5-8.
[35] 李衍.超声波阵列探头的结构和特性[J].无损探伤,2005:29(6):1-5.
[36] 毛捷.多层粘接超声检测信号处理方法研究[D].博士学位论文,中国科学院,2001.
[37] 陈友兴,王召巴.多界面脱粘超声检测信号处理[J].弹箭与制导学报,2004,24(1):201-203.
[38] 简晓明,李明轩.层状介质界面超声检测的理论分析和自适应噪声抵消原理[J].声学学报,2000,25(4):351-356.
[39] 张建生,李明轩.层状粘接结构超声检测信号的同态卷积脱粘界面顶征[J].应用声学,2001,20(1):23-29.
[40] 张建生,李明轩.多层粘接结构中脱粘界面的人工神经网络余璇变换谱特征识别[J]. 声学学报,2001,26(4):349-354.
[41] R.G.Maev, H.Shao E.Yu.Maeva. Thichness Measurement of a Curved Multilayered Polymer System by Using an Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Method, Curved Multilayered Polymer Measurement[J],1996,16:97-105.
[42] M.Onozuka, K.Kikuchi, A.Kirihigashi. Non-destructive testing of bonded structures for plasma facing components. Fusion Engineering and Design[J],2005,20:595-599.
[43] 李芳.固体火箭发动机包覆层状态识别的研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京:北京航空航 天大学,2001.
[44] 晏荣明,周光平,万高峰等.提高超声无损检测分辨力的方法[J].无损检测,1997,19(4):91-94.
[45] 金树武.医学超声[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1992:45-48.
[46] 陶进绪,周康源,高燕.提高超声图像分辨力的空域滤波方法[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1995,18(4):7-10.
[47] 冯若主编.超声诊断设备原理与设计[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1993:357-378.
[48] 冯若.超声手册[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1999:48,357,778.
[49] Peterson D K, Kino G S. Real-time digital image recons ruction: A descriptive of imaging hardware and analysis of quantitative errors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics,1984, 31(4):337-351.