AMTEC多级毛细泵数值模拟研究
摘要
碱金属热电直接转换(Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter- AMTEC)是一种新型的热电直接转换技术。具有热电转换效率高、无运动部件、低维护等优点。毛细泵是AMTEC的关键部件之一,它起着接收能量、传递热量、组织工质蒸发、提供工质循环动力的作用。本文将对不同条件下的AMTEC多级毛细泵进行数值模拟研究。
本文在达西方程基础上建立了一个二维的、轴对称模型。利用该模型对AMTEC多级毛细泵内工质的流动、传热和蒸发现象进行了数值模拟。在数值模拟过程中,通过添加源相的方法解决了相变过程中质量、动量和能量的传递。同时,采用相位场方法对相变界面进行了捕捉。不仅分析了润湿角对数值模拟结果的影响,还研究了热流密度、进口温度、毛细泵材料和毛细孔径等因素分别对毛细泵的相变界面位置、温度分布、压力阶跃和质量流量的影响。
模拟结果表明,随着热流密度的增加,汽液相变界面有向毛细泵内部侵入的趋势,质量流量也相应的提高。但是热流密度有一定的极限值,超过这个极限值,相变界面会侵入到输运段部分引起毛细泵整体的失效;随着进口温度的增加,相变界面也有向毛细泵内部侵入的趋势,质量流量有小量的增加。为避免了系统大的波动,可以通过只调节进口温度来调节AMTEC内工质的质量流量;文中对钼制、镍制和钛制的三种不同材质的毛细泵进行了模拟分析,发现材质的选择对相变界面位置影响较小,但会导致毛细泵通流能力的变化;另外,与单级毛细泵相比,多级毛细泵具有较高的输送工质能力。
AMTEC (Alkali Metal Thermal To Electric Converter) is a promising technology for converting heat energy to electric energy directly. It is characterized by high conversion efficiency, no moving parts and low maintenance requirements. Multi-level Capillary Artery Evaporator (MCAV) is one of most important components of the AMTEC. The working fluid absorbs heat energy and vaporizes in the MCAV ,and the capillary force forces the working fluid to move from the low pressure domains to the high pressure domains. So the MCAV properties will seriously affect the AMTEC performance.
A axisymmetric two-dimensional mathematical model has been developed based on Dacy’s law to simulate the Working fluid flow, heat transfer and phase change phenomena in the MCAV.Source terms have been added in the Continuity equation,Momentum equation and Energy equation to simulate the processes of mass, momentum and energy transfer in the phase change. And the Phase Field Method has been used to track liquid-vapor interface. In this paper,it has not only analyzed the wetting angle on the impact of numerical simulation results, but also studied the heat heat flux, inlet temperature,capillary pump materials and capillary diameters on the capillary pump performance.
The simulation results shows that with the increase in heat flux, vapor-liquid interface has the trend to move within the capillary pump, and mass flow is correspondingly improved. However, there is a certain heat flux limit, an overall failure of capillary pump will happen if beyond this limit. As the inlet temperature increases, phase-change interface is also penetrated inside the pump, but a small increase in mass flow. To avoid large fluctuations in the system, it can change the MCAV inlet temperature to adjust the pump performance. In this paper, three different materials capillary pump also has been considered, which are molybdenum, nickel and titanium.The results shows that the material has little impact on phase-change interface location ,but it will seriously affect the MCAV transport capacity because of the different heat transfer coefficients. Finally, the paper shows that MCAV has a higher transmission capacity compared with the single-level capillary pump.
本文在达西方程基础上建立了一个二维的、轴对称模型。利用该模型对AMTEC多级毛细泵内工质的流动、传热和蒸发现象进行了数值模拟。在数值模拟过程中,通过添加源相的方法解决了相变过程中质量、动量和能量的传递。同时,采用相位场方法对相变界面进行了捕捉。不仅分析了润湿角对数值模拟结果的影响,还研究了热流密度、进口温度、毛细泵材料和毛细孔径等因素分别对毛细泵的相变界面位置、温度分布、压力阶跃和质量流量的影响。
模拟结果表明,随着热流密度的增加,汽液相变界面有向毛细泵内部侵入的趋势,质量流量也相应的提高。但是热流密度有一定的极限值,超过这个极限值,相变界面会侵入到输运段部分引起毛细泵整体的失效;随着进口温度的增加,相变界面也有向毛细泵内部侵入的趋势,质量流量有小量的增加。为避免了系统大的波动,可以通过只调节进口温度来调节AMTEC内工质的质量流量;文中对钼制、镍制和钛制的三种不同材质的毛细泵进行了模拟分析,发现材质的选择对相变界面位置影响较小,但会导致毛细泵通流能力的变化;另外,与单级毛细泵相比,多级毛细泵具有较高的输送工质能力。
AMTEC (Alkali Metal Thermal To Electric Converter) is a promising technology for converting heat energy to electric energy directly. It is characterized by high conversion efficiency, no moving parts and low maintenance requirements. Multi-level Capillary Artery Evaporator (MCAV) is one of most important components of the AMTEC. The working fluid absorbs heat energy and vaporizes in the MCAV ,and the capillary force forces the working fluid to move from the low pressure domains to the high pressure domains. So the MCAV properties will seriously affect the AMTEC performance.
A axisymmetric two-dimensional mathematical model has been developed based on Dacy’s law to simulate the Working fluid flow, heat transfer and phase change phenomena in the MCAV.Source terms have been added in the Continuity equation,Momentum equation and Energy equation to simulate the processes of mass, momentum and energy transfer in the phase change. And the Phase Field Method has been used to track liquid-vapor interface. In this paper,it has not only analyzed the wetting angle on the impact of numerical simulation results, but also studied the heat heat flux, inlet temperature,capillary pump materials and capillary diameters on the capillary pump performance.
The simulation results shows that with the increase in heat flux, vapor-liquid interface has the trend to move within the capillary pump, and mass flow is correspondingly improved. However, there is a certain heat flux limit, an overall failure of capillary pump will happen if beyond this limit. As the inlet temperature increases, phase-change interface is also penetrated inside the pump, but a small increase in mass flow. To avoid large fluctuations in the system, it can change the MCAV inlet temperature to adjust the pump performance. In this paper, three different materials capillary pump also has been considered, which are molybdenum, nickel and titanium.The results shows that the material has little impact on phase-change interface location ,but it will seriously affect the MCAV transport capacity because of the different heat transfer coefficients. Finally, the paper shows that MCAV has a higher transmission capacity compared with the single-level capillary pump.
引文
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