某城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气控制研究
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摘要
城市地下交通联系隧道是一种新型的公共地下交通系统,一般建设在城市核心区域或繁华区域,该类隧道可有效缓解城市地面交通拥堵及充分利用停车资源。城市地下交通联系隧道建筑形式不同于一般城市交通隧道,通常具有主隧道多呈环形、隧道出入口多、交通流量大、坡度较大及断面狭小等特点,火灾危险性更高,发生火灾后烟气蔓延范围也更广。因此,开展城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气控制研究,提出合理的烟气控制措施,对于全国的城市地下交通联系隧道火灾防治工作具有重要的意义。
本文以某城市地下交通联系隧道为研究对象,采用实地调研、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的研究方法,对半横向通风排烟方式下的城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气控制进行了分析研究。本文首先介绍了城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气控制的研究现状,分析了城市地下交通联系隧道火灾的原因、特点及火灾危险性；然后介绍了城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气数值模拟的基础理论；最后,从城市地下交通联系隧道直线段火灾和弯道火灾两种模式下考虑,采用FDS软件对15MW和20MW火灾规模下不同排烟量和排烟口间距的各种工况进行模拟计算,从中总结了隧道烟气蔓延范围、温度场及能见度场的分布特征,得到了不同火灾规模下合适的排烟方案,并分析了排烟量和排烟口间距对城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气控制的影响。
通过分析模拟结果,得出了该城市地下交通联系隧道内合理的火灾烟气控制方案和排烟效果；其研究结果可为该隧道火灾救援应急预案的制定及其运营管理提供参考依据。
Urban traffic link tunnel is a new public underground transportation system, generally constructed in the urban core area or downtown area, such tunnels can effectively alleviate the urban ground traffic congestion and make full use of parking resources. Architectural forms of urban traffic link tunnel is different from the general urban traffic tunnel, which usually has the characteristics such as main tunnel with loop shape, several tunnel portals and exits, big traffic flow, steep slope, and narrow section, and it has a higher fire risk and a wider range of smoke spread when the fire brokes out. Therefore, carrying out the urban traffic link tunnel fire smoke control study and proposing reasonable smoke control measures are important for the whole country's urban traffic link tunnel fire prevention work.
This paper taking one urban traffic link tunnel for research object, analyzed and studied fire smoke control of urban traffic link tunnel with semi-transverse smoke extraction by adopting combination of research methods of on-the-spot investigation, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. This paper first introduced the present research situation of fire smoke control in urban traffic link tunnel, analyzed the fire reasons, characteristics and fire harmfulness of urban traffic link tunnel; then introduced basic theory of fire smoke numerical simulation of urban traffic link tunnel; finally considering two modes of line segment fire and corner fire in the urban traffic link tunnel, this paper presented a thorough calculation on smoke extract amounts and exhaust smoke mouth spacings in the fire scale of15MW and20MW by FDS, and summarized their characters, which included smoke spread range,temperature field and visibility field, also analyzed the effects of smoke extract amount and exhaust smoke mouth spacing on fire smoke control of urban traffic link tunnel.
By analyzing the simulated results, we get a reasonable fire smoke control plan and smoke effect. The research findings in this thesis provides a reference for the formulation of the scheme concerning the urban traffic link tunnel's fire prevention and fire relief and its transportation and management.
本文以某城市地下交通联系隧道为研究对象,采用实地调研、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的研究方法,对半横向通风排烟方式下的城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气控制进行了分析研究。本文首先介绍了城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气控制的研究现状,分析了城市地下交通联系隧道火灾的原因、特点及火灾危险性；然后介绍了城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气数值模拟的基础理论；最后,从城市地下交通联系隧道直线段火灾和弯道火灾两种模式下考虑,采用FDS软件对15MW和20MW火灾规模下不同排烟量和排烟口间距的各种工况进行模拟计算,从中总结了隧道烟气蔓延范围、温度场及能见度场的分布特征,得到了不同火灾规模下合适的排烟方案,并分析了排烟量和排烟口间距对城市地下交通联系隧道火灾烟气控制的影响。
通过分析模拟结果,得出了该城市地下交通联系隧道内合理的火灾烟气控制方案和排烟效果；其研究结果可为该隧道火灾救援应急预案的制定及其运营管理提供参考依据。
Urban traffic link tunnel is a new public underground transportation system, generally constructed in the urban core area or downtown area, such tunnels can effectively alleviate the urban ground traffic congestion and make full use of parking resources. Architectural forms of urban traffic link tunnel is different from the general urban traffic tunnel, which usually has the characteristics such as main tunnel with loop shape, several tunnel portals and exits, big traffic flow, steep slope, and narrow section, and it has a higher fire risk and a wider range of smoke spread when the fire brokes out. Therefore, carrying out the urban traffic link tunnel fire smoke control study and proposing reasonable smoke control measures are important for the whole country's urban traffic link tunnel fire prevention work.
This paper taking one urban traffic link tunnel for research object, analyzed and studied fire smoke control of urban traffic link tunnel with semi-transverse smoke extraction by adopting combination of research methods of on-the-spot investigation, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. This paper first introduced the present research situation of fire smoke control in urban traffic link tunnel, analyzed the fire reasons, characteristics and fire harmfulness of urban traffic link tunnel; then introduced basic theory of fire smoke numerical simulation of urban traffic link tunnel; finally considering two modes of line segment fire and corner fire in the urban traffic link tunnel, this paper presented a thorough calculation on smoke extract amounts and exhaust smoke mouth spacings in the fire scale of15MW and20MW by FDS, and summarized their characters, which included smoke spread range,temperature field and visibility field, also analyzed the effects of smoke extract amount and exhaust smoke mouth spacing on fire smoke control of urban traffic link tunnel.
By analyzing the simulated results, we get a reasonable fire smoke control plan and smoke effect. The research findings in this thesis provides a reference for the formulation of the scheme concerning the urban traffic link tunnel's fire prevention and fire relief and its transportation and management.
引文
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[4]Vauquelin O, Wu Y. Influence of tunnel width on longitudinal smoke control [J]. Fire Safety Journal,2006,41(6):420-426.
[5]C.C.Hwang, J.C.Edwards. The critical ventilation velocity in tunnel fires-a computer simulation [J]. Fire Safety Journal,2005,40:213-244.
[6]L.H.Hu, W.Peng, R.Huo. Critical wind velocity for arresting upwind gas and smoke dispersion induced by near-wall fire in a road tunnel [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(1):68-75.
[7]J.S.M. Li, W.K. Chow. Numerical studies on performance evaluation of tunnel ventilation safety systems [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2003, 18(5):435-452.
[8]B.T. Rafael, S.M. Carlos, B.M. Eduardo. Influence of the slope in the ventilation semi-transversal system of an urban tunnel [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21:21-28.
[9]B.I. Choi, C.B. Oh, M.B. Kim. A new design criterion of fire ventilation for transversely ventilated tunnels [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(3-4): 277-278.
[10]C. Lin, Y.K. Chuah. A study on long tunnel smoke extraction strategies by numerical simulation [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(5):522-530.
[11]于丽.终南山特长公路隧道火灾模式下通风设计和控制技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学博士研究生学位论文,2003.
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[13]C.Rudin. Fires in long railway tunnels-the ventilation concepts adopted in the AlpTransit projcets.10th International symposium on the Aerodynamics & Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels,2000.
[14]刘明.长大公路隧道火灾集中通风排烟方式系统研究[D].长沙：中南大学硕士研究生学位论文,2009.
[15]闫治国,杨其新,朱合华.秦岭特长公路隧道火灾试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2005(11)：96-101.
[16]杨其新,王明年,曹智明.长大双洞公路隧道火灾模式下横通道风流研究[J].地下空间,2004(2)：220-223.
[17]李国庆,赵菊梅,钟新樵.秦岭终南山公路隧道火灾试验竖井通风的研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005(3)：467-469,477.
[18]曹智明,杨其新.秦岭隧道火灾模式下的通风组织试验方案研究[J].地下空间,2003(2)：196-199.
[19]戴国平,田沛哲,夏永旭.二郎山公路隧道火灾通风对策[J].长安大学学报,2002(6)：42-45.
[20]李元洲,易亮,霍然等.大空间内机械排烟效果的实验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001(4)：151-155.
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[23]王日升.美菰林纵向通风公路隧道数值模拟与研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2003.
[24]张玉春,何川等.特长公路隧道半横向排烟方式研究[J].公路隧道,2009(1)：55-58.
[25]张玉春,何川等.特长公路隧道集中排烟方式研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(6)：663-667.
[26]华高英,王伟,赵耀华,李磊,肖婧.城市地下交通联系隧道防火设计探讨[J].建筑科学,2008,24(8)：15-18.
[27]李磊,李文利,唐海,王婉娣.北京奥林匹克公园地下交通联系通道性能化防火设计研究[J].科技导报,2008,26(15)：40-46.
[28]姜学鹏,徐志胜,黄益良,陈长坤.苏州火车站地下交通联系通道火灾烟控方案的性能[J].科技导报,2009,27(9)：77-82.
[29]李沿宗.地下交通空间工程消防安全分析[D].长沙：中南大学硕士研究生学位论文,2010.
[30]李磊,刘文利,肖泽南等.金融街地下车行系统消防安全性能化设计评估[J].消防科技与产品信息,2004(1)：4-7.
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[35]张发勇.双洞长大公路隧道火灾事故通风数值模拟研究[D].成都：西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2005.
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