铁路网抗毁性分析与研究
|
摘要
摘要：我国幅员辽阔,四通八达、畅通无阻的铁路通道承担着大跨度的经济联系和相互交往的运输工作。在高负载、出现突发事件的情况下,铁路网功能会受到不同程度的损坏,有可能陷入瘫痪的状态,需要及时采取应急措施使铁路网尽快恢复到正常状态。而铁路网的抗毁性表征其应对突发事件的适应和恢复能力,因此论文以铁路网系统为研究对象,提出了铁路网抗毁性评估方法,在此基础上,研究突发事件下铁路网的恢复方法,所做的工作主要包括以下五个部分：
1.阐述铁路网系统的概念,分析其构成,将铁路网系统分为铁路物理网和铁路运输网,从开放性、动态性和他组织性方面研究铁路网系统的特性。以此为基础,构建铁路网的网络模型,并实证分析铁路网的复杂特性,为后续各章节研究奠定基础。
2.提出铁路网抗毁性的定义,将铁路网抗毁性概括为突发事件、适应性和恢复性,并分析铁路网抗毁性的影响因素。在此基础上,提出铁路网抗毁性的模型,其描述从突发事件发生时起,到通过采取修复、调度等措施使铁路网恢复到稳定状态时止的整个过程。最后,给出铁路网抗毁性研究的框架。
3.提出铁路网抗毁性评估方法。从铁路物理网和铁路运输网两方面提出铁路网抗毁性评估指标。并以突发事件下与正常情况下的网络性能的变化为基础,量化并计算指标。最后,以2008年雪灾为背景,对铁路网抗毁性进行评估分析。
4.研究突发事件下铁路物理网修复方法。给出了铁路关键节点和关键边的概念,分析了影响因素,从节点或边被恢复后对铁路网性能贡献的角度,提出考虑节点间运输需求量和货物运输优先等级的铁路网关键节点或边的识别方法,以此为基础,给出突发事件下铁路物理网的修复时序方案。
5.研究突发事件下铁路客、货流疏解方案编制问题。突发事件下铁路客、货流疏解问题分为铁路客流疏解问题和铁路货流疏解问题。对铁路客流疏解问题,针对旅客运输量大、去向集中的特点,提出突发事件下铁路旅客输送径路的优化方法。对于铁路货流疏解问题,根据突发事件下铁路货物整车直达、货物输送有优先等级的特点,建立考虑车辆调拨的动态服务网络模型,模型的目标是列车开行数最多和车辆的周转次数最大,并根据模型的特点,设计一种松弛算法(按时问周期分段优化的方法)求解上述模型。通过实例分析比较,验证模型和算法的可行、有效性。
China is vast in size. The railway extends in all directions and be barrier-free, take a large span of economic ties and interaction of transport work. In the case of high capacity and unexpected events occur, the road network function will be damaged more or less, or be paralyzed. It needs to take immediately emergency measures to make the rail network return to normal as soon as possible. The rail network is characterized by invulnerability adapts to respond to emergencies and recovery capabilities, with high survivability of the rail network to meet the demand for transport and network status changes, and can return to normal. Therefore, this paper focuses on the rail network survivability assessment and emergency restoration under study the issue of work includes the following five components:
1. Propose the concept of the railway network system and analyze their composition. Railway network system is divided into the physical network and railway transport network. Tthe characteristics of the railway network is studied in terms of exoteric, dynamics and non-self-organization. On this basis, the network mdel of railway network, and analyze the complex characteristic of China's railway network. This is the theoretical research basis for the subsequent chapters.
2. Propose definition of invulnerability of railway network, the invulnerability of the railway network is summed up the emergency, adaptability and resilience. On this basis, the invulnerability model of ailway network is proposed, which describes the whole process from the occurrence of unexpected events to the stable state which is made back to by taking repairing and scheduling measures. Finally, the invulnerability framework of the railway network is studied.
3. Propose survivability assessment method of the railway network. The survivability assessment indexs of railway network is proposed from the aspects of both network topology and network performance. The index is calculated on the basis of changing in network performance under the emergency and normal situations. Finally, the survivability of railway network is assessed and analyzed at the background of the 2008 snowstorm.
4. Studied the repairing methods of physical network under emergency. The concept of key nodes and key sides is gived and the affecting factors are analyzed. The identifying method of key nodes and key sides which consided the traffic demand between nodes and freight priority is proposed from the aspect of the contribution to the railway network after node or side repaired. On this basis, the repairing timing program is given under emergency.
5. Studied the railway evacuation schemes problem. The railway evacuation schemes under emergency are divided into passenger evacuation schemes and freight evacuation schemes. For the railway passenger evacuation schemes, the optimization method of railway passenger transportation route is proposed aiming the large passenger transport volume and same destination. For the railway freight evacuation schemes, the dynamic service network model which conside vehicle allocation problem is built according to the operational characteristics of nonstop, whole train transportation and transportation priority. The objective is the maximum of the satisfaction to transport demand and vehicle utilization. A relaxation algorithm which is sub-optimization method by time-cycles is desiged to solve the above model. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by an example analysis.
1.阐述铁路网系统的概念,分析其构成,将铁路网系统分为铁路物理网和铁路运输网,从开放性、动态性和他组织性方面研究铁路网系统的特性。以此为基础,构建铁路网的网络模型,并实证分析铁路网的复杂特性,为后续各章节研究奠定基础。
2.提出铁路网抗毁性的定义,将铁路网抗毁性概括为突发事件、适应性和恢复性,并分析铁路网抗毁性的影响因素。在此基础上,提出铁路网抗毁性的模型,其描述从突发事件发生时起,到通过采取修复、调度等措施使铁路网恢复到稳定状态时止的整个过程。最后,给出铁路网抗毁性研究的框架。
3.提出铁路网抗毁性评估方法。从铁路物理网和铁路运输网两方面提出铁路网抗毁性评估指标。并以突发事件下与正常情况下的网络性能的变化为基础,量化并计算指标。最后,以2008年雪灾为背景,对铁路网抗毁性进行评估分析。
4.研究突发事件下铁路物理网修复方法。给出了铁路关键节点和关键边的概念,分析了影响因素,从节点或边被恢复后对铁路网性能贡献的角度,提出考虑节点间运输需求量和货物运输优先等级的铁路网关键节点或边的识别方法,以此为基础,给出突发事件下铁路物理网的修复时序方案。
5.研究突发事件下铁路客、货流疏解方案编制问题。突发事件下铁路客、货流疏解问题分为铁路客流疏解问题和铁路货流疏解问题。对铁路客流疏解问题,针对旅客运输量大、去向集中的特点,提出突发事件下铁路旅客输送径路的优化方法。对于铁路货流疏解问题,根据突发事件下铁路货物整车直达、货物输送有优先等级的特点,建立考虑车辆调拨的动态服务网络模型,模型的目标是列车开行数最多和车辆的周转次数最大,并根据模型的特点,设计一种松弛算法(按时问周期分段优化的方法)求解上述模型。通过实例分析比较,验证模型和算法的可行、有效性。
China is vast in size. The railway extends in all directions and be barrier-free, take a large span of economic ties and interaction of transport work. In the case of high capacity and unexpected events occur, the road network function will be damaged more or less, or be paralyzed. It needs to take immediately emergency measures to make the rail network return to normal as soon as possible. The rail network is characterized by invulnerability adapts to respond to emergencies and recovery capabilities, with high survivability of the rail network to meet the demand for transport and network status changes, and can return to normal. Therefore, this paper focuses on the rail network survivability assessment and emergency restoration under study the issue of work includes the following five components:
1. Propose the concept of the railway network system and analyze their composition. Railway network system is divided into the physical network and railway transport network. Tthe characteristics of the railway network is studied in terms of exoteric, dynamics and non-self-organization. On this basis, the network mdel of railway network, and analyze the complex characteristic of China's railway network. This is the theoretical research basis for the subsequent chapters.
2. Propose definition of invulnerability of railway network, the invulnerability of the railway network is summed up the emergency, adaptability and resilience. On this basis, the invulnerability model of ailway network is proposed, which describes the whole process from the occurrence of unexpected events to the stable state which is made back to by taking repairing and scheduling measures. Finally, the invulnerability framework of the railway network is studied.
3. Propose survivability assessment method of the railway network. The survivability assessment indexs of railway network is proposed from the aspects of both network topology and network performance. The index is calculated on the basis of changing in network performance under the emergency and normal situations. Finally, the survivability of railway network is assessed and analyzed at the background of the 2008 snowstorm.
4. Studied the repairing methods of physical network under emergency. The concept of key nodes and key sides is gived and the affecting factors are analyzed. The identifying method of key nodes and key sides which consided the traffic demand between nodes and freight priority is proposed from the aspect of the contribution to the railway network after node or side repaired. On this basis, the repairing timing program is given under emergency.
5. Studied the railway evacuation schemes problem. The railway evacuation schemes under emergency are divided into passenger evacuation schemes and freight evacuation schemes. For the railway passenger evacuation schemes, the optimization method of railway passenger transportation route is proposed aiming the large passenger transport volume and same destination. For the railway freight evacuation schemes, the dynamic service network model which conside vehicle allocation problem is built according to the operational characteristics of nonstop, whole train transportation and transportation priority. The objective is the maximum of the satisfaction to transport demand and vehicle utilization. A relaxation algorithm which is sub-optimization method by time-cycles is desiged to solve the above model. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by an example analysis.
引文
[1]Amaral L A N, Acala A, Barthelemy M, et al. Classes of small-word networks [C]. proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,2000,97 (21):11149-11152.
[2]Guimera. Amaral L. A. N.. Modeling the world-wide airport network[J]. The European Physical Journal B.2004,38:81-385
[3]Barrat A, Barthelemy M, Vespignani A. The effects of spstial constraints on the evolution of weighted complex networks[J]. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment,2005,5:05003.
[4]Li W, Cai X. Statistical ana]ysis of airport network of China[J]. Phys. Rev. E, 2004,69,046106
[5]于海波.中国航空网络拓扑结构及其演化特征[D].北京大学,2005.
[6]刘宏鲲.中国航空网络的机构及其影响因素分析[D].西南交通大学博土论文,2007.
[7]Bagler G. Analysis of the Airport Network of India as a complex weighted network [J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2008,387(12):2972-2980.
[8]Sienkiewicz J, Holyst J A. Public transport systems in Poland:from Bialystok to Zielona Gora by bus and tram using universal statistics of complex networks [J]. Acta Physica Polonica B,2005,36:1771
[9]Sienkiewicz J, Holyst J A. Statistical analysis of 22 public transport networks in Poland[J]. Physical Review E,2005,72:046127.
[10]Wu J J, GaoZY, Sun H J, Huang H J. Urban transit system as a scale-free network [J]. Modern Physics Letters B,2004,18:1043-1049.
[11]Wu J J, Gao Z Y, Sun H J. Complexity and efficiency of Beijing Transit network [J]. International Journal of Modern Physics B,2006,20:2119.
[12]张欣.公交网络的复杂性研究[D].大连理工大学硕十学位论文,2006.
[13]李英,周伟,郭世进.上海公共交通网络复杂性分析[J].系统工程,2007,25(1)：38-41.
[14]惠伟,王红.复杂网络在城市公交网络中的实证分析[J].计算机技术与发展,2008,18(11)：217-219.
[15]张玮,朱金福.城市公交网络复杂性实证研究[J].商业时代,2008,7：60-61.
[16]Latora V, Marchiori M. Is the Boston subway a small-world network?[J]. Physica A,2002,314:109-113.
[17]Seaton K A, Hackett L M. Station, trains and small-world networks[J]. Physica A,2003,339:221-225.
[18]汪涛,方志耕,无卉,吴琳丽.城市地铁网络的复杂性分析[J].军事交通学院学报,2008,10(2)：24-27.
[19]王云琴.基于复杂网络理论的城市轨道交通网络联通可靠性研究[D].北京交通大学硕十学位论文,2008.
[20]Sen P, Dasgupta S, Chatterjee A, Sreeram P A, Mukherjee G, Manna S S. Small-world properties of the Indian railway network[J]. Physical Review E,2002, 67:36106-36110.
[21]赵伟,何红生,林中材,杨孔庆.中国铁路客运网网络性质的研究[J].物理学报,2006,55(8)：3906-3911.
[22]W. Li, X. Cai. Empirical analysis of a scale-free railway network in china[J]. Physica A,2007,382:693-703.
[23]叶婷婷.基于复杂网络的全国铁路网络连通可靠性分析[J].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[24]谭跃进,吴俊,邓宏钟,朱大智.复杂网络抗毁性研究综述[J].系统工程,2006,24(10)：1-5.
[25]李安涛.通信网的抗毁性[J].军事通信技术,1992,43(9)：1-9.
[26]罗鹏程,金光,周经伦,刘琦.通信网可靠性研究综述[J].小型微型计算机系统,21(10)：1073-1077.
[27]潘丽君.战场通信网络战时抗毁性初探[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2006,20(2)：21-15.
[28]刘啸林,王能.通信网络抗毁性量度研究[J].上海师范大学学报,2006(5)：38-41.
[29]李德毅,于全,江光杰.CI系统可靠性、抗毁性和抗干扰的统一评测[J].系统工程理论与实践,1997,17(3)：23-27.
[30]海军.战时铁路网络生存性定量评价研究[J].铁道学报,2005,27(4)：110-113.
[31]Bell, M. G. H. B., Lida, Y. Transportation Network Analysis[C], John Wiley And Sons Ltd, England.
[32]谭跃进,吴俊,邓宏钟,朱大智.复杂网络抗毁性研究综述[J].系统工程,2006,24(10)：1-5.
[33]Albert R, Jeong H, Barabasi A L. Error and attack tolerance of complex networks [J]. Nature,2000,406(6794):378-382.
[34]吴俊,谭跃进.复杂网络抗毁性测度研究[J].系统工程学报,2005,20(2)：128-131.
[35]肖伟锋,钟联炯.一种通信网络抗毁性评价方法[J].西安工业学院学报,2002,22(4)：292-296.
[36]陈建国,张永静.通信网络拓扑抗毁性评估算法研究[J].无线电通信技术,2006,32(1)：6-7.
[37]唐新强,倪佑生,陈军.基于节点的地域通信网抗毁性评价及应用[J].无线电通信技术,2008.34(2)：11-13.
[38]Poul E. Heegaard, Kishor S. Trivedi. Network Survivability Model ing[J]. Computer Network,2009,53:1215-1334.
[39]谭跃进,吕欣,吴俊,邓宏钟.复杂网络抗毁性研究的主要科学问题[J].系统工程理论与实践,2008,6(增刊)：116-120.
[40]Vito Latora, Massimo Marchiori. Vulnerability and protection of infrastructure networks[J]. Phys.Rev.E.2005,71:015103(R).
[41]张中伟,陈建国.抗毁通信网络设计[J].无线电通信技术,2000,26(2)：33-38.
[42]陈建国,姜锋.通信网基于业务的抗毁性分析[J].无线电通信技术,1998,24(3)：18-22.
[43]高沾,施其洲.城市轨道网络抗毁可靠性定义及评价指标模型研究[J].铁道学报,2007,29(3)：29-33.
[44]李鹏翔,任玉晴,席酉民.网络节点(集)重要性的一种度量指标[J].系统工程,2004,22(4)：13-20.
[45]刘浪,邓伟,采峰,陈玲.节点重要度计算的新方法一优先等级法[J].中国管理科学(专辑),2007,15：162-165.
[46]吴俊,谭跃进,邓红钟,迟妍.考虑级联欠效的复杂负载网络节点重要度评估[J],小型微型计算机系统,2007,28(4)：627-630.
[47]朱静,杨晓静.地域通信网的关键节点识别方法[J].探测与控制学报,2008,30(增刊)：55-58.
[48]Knoke D, Burt R S. Prominence A, Burt R S, Minor M J. Applied network analysis[C]. Newbury Park, CA:Sage,1983:195-222.
[49]赵毅寰,王祖林,郑晶,郭旭静.利用重要性贡献矩阵确定通信网中最重要节点[J].北京航空航大大学学报,2009,35(9)：1076-1079.
[50]朱静,杨晓静.一种新的地域通信网关键节点识别方法[J].电子信息对抗技术,2009,24(5)：33-36.
[51]叶春森,汪传雷,刘宏伟.网络节点重要度评价方法研究[J].统计与决策,2001,1：22-24.
[52]谭跃进,吴俊,邓宏钟.复杂网络中节点重要度评估的节点收缩方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2006,11：79-83.
[53]刘艳,顺雪平.基于节点重要度评价的骨架网络重构[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(10)：20-27.
[54]罗志忠,张丰焰.主成分分析法在公路网节点重要度指标权重分析中的应用[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2005,5(6)：78-81.
[55]Tamura T, Sugimoto H, Kamimae T. Application of genetic algorithms to determining priority of urban road improvement[J]. Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1994, 482(IV-22):37-46.
[56]Sato T, Ichii K. Optimization of post-earthquake restoration of lifeline networks using genetic algorithms[J]. Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1996, 537(I-35):245-256.
[57]Arimura M, Tamura T, Saito K. Application of genetic algorithms model for road investment of restoration planning[J]. Journal of 2nd Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,1999:55-69.
[58]Chen Y-W, Tzeng G-H. A fuzzy multi-objective model for reconstructing the post-quake road-network by genetic algorithm[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy System,1999,1(2):85-95.
[59]Fiedrich F, Gehbauer F, Rickers U. Optimized resource allocation for emergency response after earthquake disasters[J]. Safety Science,2000,35:41-57.
[60]Feng C-M, Wang T-C. Highway emergency rehabilitation scheduling in post-earthquake 72 hours[J]. Journal of the 5th Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,2003,3276-3285.
[61]Feng C-M, Wang T-C. Seismic emergency rehabilitation scheduling for rural highways[J]. Transportation Planning Journal,2005,34(2):177-210.
[62]Shangyao Yan, Yu-Lin Shih. Optimal scheduling of Emergency roadway repair and subsequent relif distribution[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2009,36:2049-2065.
[63]Chen,Y. W., and Tzeng, G. H., A fuzzy multi-objective model for reconstructing the post-quake road-network by genetic algorithm[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy System,1999,1(2):85-95.
[64]陈昭明,王林泽,马林.铁路事故救援辅助决策系统的研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(5)：8-13.
[65]刘仍奎,程晓卿,孙全欣.铁路事故救援系统的构建研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(11)：43-47.
[66]Ray J. A multi-period linear programming model for optimally scheduling the distribution of food-aid in west africa[D]. University of Tennessee,1987.
[67]Rathi AK, Church RL and Solanki RS. Allocating Resources to support a multicommodity flow with time windows[J]. Logistics and Transportation Review, 1993,28:167-188.
[68]Haghani A, Oh Sei-Chang. Formulation and solution of a multi-commodity, multi-modal network flow for disaster relief operation[J]. Transportation Research A,1996,30(3):231-250.
[69]Equi L., Gallo C., Marziale S. and Weintraub A., A combined transportation and scheduling problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997,97(1):94-104.
[70]Wael M Eldessouki. Some development in transportation network analysis and design with application to emergency management problems[D]. North Carolina State University,1998.
[71]Barbarosoglu G., ozdamar L., Cevik A. An interactive approach for hierarchical analysis of helicopter logistics in disaster relief operations[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2002,140(1):118-133.
[72]Tzeng G H, Cheng H J, Huang T D. Multi-objective optimal planning for designing relief delivery systems[J]. Transportation Research Part E,2007,43:673-686.
[73]何建敏,刘春林.限制期条件下应急车辆调度问题的模糊优化方法[J].控制与决策,2001,16：318-321.
[74]施佑林.灾后工程抢修作业与赈灾物流排程的研究[D].中国台湾省：国立中央大学土木工程研究所.2004.
[75]缪成.突发公共事件下应急物流中的优化运输问题的研究[D].上海：同济大学,2007.
[76]吴晓东,周磊山,孙琦.铁路紧急输送计划模型与算法研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(5)：1-7.
[77]吴晓东,周磊山,徐开启,孙琦.特殊需求的大规模集中铁路运输的运行计划研究[J].铁道学报,2006,28(6)：22-27.
[78]P.J. Dejax, T. G. Crainic. A Review of empty flows and fleet management models in freight transportation[J]. Transportation Science,1987,21(4):227-247.
[79]J. F. Cordeau, P. Toth, D. Vigo. A survey of optimization models for train routing and scheduling[J]. Transportation Science,1998,32(4):380-404.
[80]A. E. Haghani. Rail freight transportation:a Review of recent optimization models for train routing and empty car distribution[J]. Journal of advanced transportation,1987,21 (2):147-172.
[81]G. P. Ouimet. Empty freight car distribution[D]. Queen's University,1972.
[82]K. Holmberg, M.Joborn, J. T. Lundgren. Improved empty freight car distribution[J]. Transportation science,1998,32 (2):163-173.
[83]S.Gorenstein, S.Poley, W. White. On the scheduling of the railroad freight operations[R]. ibm Philadelphia scientific center, IBM,1971.
[84]Ricardo Fukasawa, Marcus Vinicius Poggi de Aragao, Oscar Porto, Eduardo Uchoa. Solving the freight car flow problem to optimality[J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2002,55(6):1-11.
[85]White W. W., Bomberawlt AM.. A net work algorithm for empty freight car allocation[J]. IBM System Journal,1969,15(2):147-169.
[86]胡晓龙.集装箱空箱调运优化的模型与方法研究[D].南京：东南大学,2005.
[87]T. S. Glickman, H. D. Sherali. Large-scale network distribution of pooled empty freight cars over time, with limited substitution and equitable benefits[J]. Transportation Research Part B,1985,19(2):85-94.
[88]Y. S. Shan. A dynamic multi-commodity network flow model for real optimal rail freight car management[D]. Princeton:Princeton University,1985.
[89]梁栋,林柏梁.铁路空车调配的多阶段策略优化模型研究[J].铁道学报,2007,29(1)：1-6.
[90]聂阿新.铁路智能运输系统应用前景、框架体系和关键技术研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002(4)：15-20.
[91]张国伍.交通运输系统分析[M].成都：硝南交通大学出版社,1991.
[92]彭辉.综合交通运输系统理论分析[D].撕安：长安大学,2006.
[93]谷长森.铁路运输系统分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,1996,(6)：90-98.
[94]闩海峰,彭其渊.铁路客货运输组织系统特性的比较分析[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2006,4(3)：46-52.
[95]陈宽吣.城市交通系统理论分析与应用[D].西安：长安大学,2003.
[96]朱世朋,张全寿.铁路运输系统动态分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,(1)：125-130.
[97]王姣娥,金凤君.中国铁路客运网络组织与空间服务系统优化[J],地理学报,2005,60(3)：371-380.
[98]何大韧,刘宗华,汪秉宏.复杂系统与复杂网络[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009.
[99]汪小帆,李翔,陈关荣.复杂网络理论及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[100]S. Boccaletti, V. Latora, Y.Moreno, M.Chavez, D.-U. Hwang. Complex networks: Structure and dynamic[J]. Physica Reports,2006,424:175-308.
[101]秦启文等.突发事件的管理与应对[M].北京：新华出版社,2004.
[102]赵颖.突发事件应对法治研究[D].北京：中国政法大学,2006.
[103]赵敬宝,祝梦雷,王华命.炮兵通信网可靠性评估[J].弹道学报,2007,19(4)：94-96.
[104]张俊良.复杂网络可靠性研究[D].大连：大连理工大学.2006.
[105]郭波等.系统可靠性分析[M].长沙：国防科技大学出版社.2002.
[106]高社生,张玲霞.可靠性理论与工程应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2002.
[107]Alan Nicholson. Transport Network Reliability Measurement and Analysis[J].Revista Transportes,2003,11(2):49-62.
[108]沈珍瑶,杨志峰,曹瑜.环境脆弱性研究述评[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(3)：91-94.
[109]Char Sample, Symantec, Ianpoynter. Quantifying in the network environment: methods and uses[C]. TICS,2000,299.
[110]巫继雨.网络脆弱性分析[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2006.
[111]陈倬.基于脆弱性分析的城市物流系统安全性研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
[112]John M. Carroll. Scenarios and Design Cognition[C], The IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering,2002,
[113]刘晓敏.基于情景的产品创新设计过程若干关键技术研究[D].河北工业大学,2007.
[114]夏春热.基于情景分析的概念设计方法体系研究及其应用[D].西北工业大学,2005.
[115]Redundancy importance:Links as rerouting alternatives during road network disruptions[J]. International Conference on Evacuation Modeling and Management, 2010,3:129-137.
[116]ALAN T. MURRAY, TIMOTHY C. MATISZIW, AND TOHY H. GRUBESIC. A methodological overview of network vulnerability analysis[J]. Growth and Change, 2008,39 (4):573-592.
[117]杨红娃.网络关键节点与关键链路分析识别技术[C],中国电子学会电子对抗分会第十一届通信对抗学术年会论文集,2006：335-341
[118]Erik Jenelius. Redundancy importance:Links as rerouting alternatives during road network disruptions[J]. International Conference on Evacuation Modeling and Management,2010,3:129-137.
[119]HAIZHUANG K, CLIVE B, YANG Q P. A New Survivability Measure for Military Communication Networks[C], Proceedings of IEEE Milcom,1998:71-75
[120]Linton C. Freeman, Stephen P. Borgatti and Douglas R. White. Centrality in valued graphs:A measure of betweenness based on network flow[J], Social Networks, 1991,13(2):141-154.
[121]Paolo Crucitti, Vito Latora and Sergio Porta. Centrality measures in spatial networks of urban streets[J], Physical Review,2006,73(3):036125(5).
[122]Alexander Erath, Michael Lochl and Kay W. Axhausen. Graph-theoretical analysis of the Swiss road and railway networks[J], Networks and Spatial Economics,2009, 9(3):379-400
[123]Erik Jenelius, Tom Petersen,et al. Importance and exposure in road network vulnerabiiility analysis[J]. Transportation Research PartA, 2006,40(7):537-560.
[124]Michael Taylor, Somenahalli Sekhar, Glen D'Este. Application of accessibility based methods for vulnerability analysis of strategic road network[J]. Networks and Spatial Economics,2006,6(3):267-291.
[125]Anthony Chen, Chao Yang, Sirisak Kongsomsaksakul and Ming Lee. Network-based accessibility measures for vulnerability analysis of degradable transportation networks[J]. Networks and Spitial Economics,2007,7(3):241-256.
[126]Timothy C. Matisziw, Alan T.Murray. Modeling s-t path availability to support disaster vulnerability assessment of network infrastructure[J]. Computers and Operations Research,2009,36(1):16-26.
[127]Qiang Qiang and Anna Nagurney. A unified network performance measure with importance identification and the ranking of network components[J]. Optimization Letters,2008,2 (1):127-142.
[128]王华.铁路客流高峰期旅客运输的特点及对策[J].铁道运输与经济,2004(10)：38-39.
[129]王华,季令.我国铁路客运合理径路选择的研究[J].上海铁道大学学报,1999,20(4)：51-54.
[130]Alexander Stepanov, James MacGregor Smith. Multi-objective evacuation routing in transportation networks[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2009, 198:435-446.
[131]Cordeau, J.-F., Toth, P. and Vigo, D. A survey of optimization models for train routing and scheduling[J]. Transportation Science,1998,32(4):380-404.
[132]Hershberger, J., Suri,S. and Bhosle, A. Finding the K shortest simple paths. Technical Report[R], University of California, Santa Barbara,2001.
[133]Yen, J. Y. Finding the K shortest loopless paths in a network[J]. Management Science,1971,17:712-716.
[134]Yen, J. Y. Another algorithm for finding the K shortest loopless network paths[C]. Proceedings of 41st Meeting Operations Research Society of America,1972.
[135]海军.战区联勤配送运输路径优化问题研究[D].北京：清华大学,2008.
[136]苏顺虎,陈治亚.铁路网车流径路优化模型及算法研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(06)：1-6.
[137]Crainic, T. G. Service network design in freight transportation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,122(2):272-288.
[138]Roy, J. and Delorme, L. NETPLAN:A network optimization model for tactical planning in the less-than-truckload motor-carrier industry[J]. Information, 1989,27 (1):22-35.
[139]Powell, W. B. A local improvement heuristic for the design of less-than-truckload motor carrier networks[J]. Transportation Science,1989,20(4):246-357.
[140]Crainic T G. Service network design in freight transportation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,122(2):272-288.
[141]Smilowitz K, Atamturk A, Daganzo, C F. Deferred item and vehicle routing within integrated networks[J]. Transportation Research E,2003,39(4):305-323.
[142]Magnanti, T. L. and Wong, R. T. Network design and transportation planning: models and algorithms[J]. Transportation Science,1984,18(1):1-55.
[143]Kim, D., Barnhart, C., Ware, K. and Reinhardt, G. Multimodal express package delivery:A service network design application[J]. Transportation Science,1999, 33(4):391-407.
[144]Kim, D. and Barnhart, C.,Transportation service network design:Models and algorithms [A]. Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling, Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems, Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1999,471:259-283.
[145]Kim D. Large scale transportation service network design:models, algorithms and applications[D]. Center for Transportation Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,1997.
[146]Farvolden, J. M. and Powell, W. B. Subgradient method for the service network design problem[J]. Transportation Science,1994,28(3):256-272.
[147]Baxter, R. S., and G. Leniz. The Measurement of Relative Accessibility[J]. Regional Studies,1975,9:15-26.
[148]Kirby, H. R. Accessibility indices for abstract road networks[J]. Regional Studies,1976,10:479-482.
[149]Vickerman, R. W. Accessibility, Attraction, and potential:a review of some concepts and their use in determining mobility[J]. Environment and Planning A,1974,6:675-691.
[150]Muraco, W. A. Intraurban Accessibility[J]. Economic Geography,1972,48:388-405
[151]Stewart, J. Q.,and W. Warntz. Macrogeography and social science[J]. Geographical Review,1958,48(2):167-184.
[152]Hansen, W.G. How accessibility shapes land use[J]. Journal of the American institute of planners,1959,25:73-76.
[153]Wachs,M., and J.G. Kumagai. Physical accessibility as a social indicator [J]. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,1973,7:437-456.
[154]Mitchell, C. G.B., and S. W. Town. Accessibility of various social groups to different activities[C]. In Supplementary Report 258, Transportation and Road Research Laboratory, Crow thiorne, Berks,1977.
[155]Brehenny, M. J. The Measurement of spatial opportunity in strategic planning[J]. Regional Studies,1978,12:463-479.
[156]Javier Gutierrez, Rafael Gonzalez, Gabriel Gomez. The European high-speed train network[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,1996, (4):227-238.
[157]Bowen J.. Ariline hubs in southeast asia:national economic development and nodal accessibility[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2000,8:25-41.
[158]Linneker B,Spence N. Road transport infrastructure and regional economic development:the regional development effects of the M25 london orbital motorway[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,1996,4(2):77-92.
[159]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1989.
[160]束金龙,闻大凯.线形规划理论与模型应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[161]王晓东.算法设计与分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[162]谢金星,邢文训.网络优化[M].北京：清华大学出皈社,2000.
[163]谢政,李建平.网络算法与复杂性理论[M].长沙：国防科技大学出版社,1995.
[164]邢文训,谢金星.现代优化计算方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999.
[165]杨浩,何世伟.铁路运输组织学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[166]张建中,许绍吉.线性规划[M].北京：科学出版社,1999.
[167]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
[168]兰家隆,刘军.应用图论及算法[M].成都：电子科技大学出版社,1995.
[169]吴建军,高自友,孙会君,赵晖.城市交通系统复杂性一复杂网络方法及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.
[170]钱颂迪,等.运筹学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1990.
[2]Guimera. Amaral L. A. N.. Modeling the world-wide airport network[J]. The European Physical Journal B.2004,38:81-385
[3]Barrat A, Barthelemy M, Vespignani A. The effects of spstial constraints on the evolution of weighted complex networks[J]. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment,2005,5:05003.
[4]Li W, Cai X. Statistical ana]ysis of airport network of China[J]. Phys. Rev. E, 2004,69,046106
[5]于海波.中国航空网络拓扑结构及其演化特征[D].北京大学,2005.
[6]刘宏鲲.中国航空网络的机构及其影响因素分析[D].西南交通大学博土论文,2007.
[7]Bagler G. Analysis of the Airport Network of India as a complex weighted network [J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2008,387(12):2972-2980.
[8]Sienkiewicz J, Holyst J A. Public transport systems in Poland:from Bialystok to Zielona Gora by bus and tram using universal statistics of complex networks [J]. Acta Physica Polonica B,2005,36:1771
[9]Sienkiewicz J, Holyst J A. Statistical analysis of 22 public transport networks in Poland[J]. Physical Review E,2005,72:046127.
[10]Wu J J, GaoZY, Sun H J, Huang H J. Urban transit system as a scale-free network [J]. Modern Physics Letters B,2004,18:1043-1049.
[11]Wu J J, Gao Z Y, Sun H J. Complexity and efficiency of Beijing Transit network [J]. International Journal of Modern Physics B,2006,20:2119.
[12]张欣.公交网络的复杂性研究[D].大连理工大学硕十学位论文,2006.
[13]李英,周伟,郭世进.上海公共交通网络复杂性分析[J].系统工程,2007,25(1)：38-41.
[14]惠伟,王红.复杂网络在城市公交网络中的实证分析[J].计算机技术与发展,2008,18(11)：217-219.
[15]张玮,朱金福.城市公交网络复杂性实证研究[J].商业时代,2008,7：60-61.
[16]Latora V, Marchiori M. Is the Boston subway a small-world network?[J]. Physica A,2002,314:109-113.
[17]Seaton K A, Hackett L M. Station, trains and small-world networks[J]. Physica A,2003,339:221-225.
[18]汪涛,方志耕,无卉,吴琳丽.城市地铁网络的复杂性分析[J].军事交通学院学报,2008,10(2)：24-27.
[19]王云琴.基于复杂网络理论的城市轨道交通网络联通可靠性研究[D].北京交通大学硕十学位论文,2008.
[20]Sen P, Dasgupta S, Chatterjee A, Sreeram P A, Mukherjee G, Manna S S. Small-world properties of the Indian railway network[J]. Physical Review E,2002, 67:36106-36110.
[21]赵伟,何红生,林中材,杨孔庆.中国铁路客运网网络性质的研究[J].物理学报,2006,55(8)：3906-3911.
[22]W. Li, X. Cai. Empirical analysis of a scale-free railway network in china[J]. Physica A,2007,382:693-703.
[23]叶婷婷.基于复杂网络的全国铁路网络连通可靠性分析[J].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[24]谭跃进,吴俊,邓宏钟,朱大智.复杂网络抗毁性研究综述[J].系统工程,2006,24(10)：1-5.
[25]李安涛.通信网的抗毁性[J].军事通信技术,1992,43(9)：1-9.
[26]罗鹏程,金光,周经伦,刘琦.通信网可靠性研究综述[J].小型微型计算机系统,21(10)：1073-1077.
[27]潘丽君.战场通信网络战时抗毁性初探[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2006,20(2)：21-15.
[28]刘啸林,王能.通信网络抗毁性量度研究[J].上海师范大学学报,2006(5)：38-41.
[29]李德毅,于全,江光杰.CI系统可靠性、抗毁性和抗干扰的统一评测[J].系统工程理论与实践,1997,17(3)：23-27.
[30]海军.战时铁路网络生存性定量评价研究[J].铁道学报,2005,27(4)：110-113.
[31]Bell, M. G. H. B., Lida, Y. Transportation Network Analysis[C], John Wiley And Sons Ltd, England.
[32]谭跃进,吴俊,邓宏钟,朱大智.复杂网络抗毁性研究综述[J].系统工程,2006,24(10)：1-5.
[33]Albert R, Jeong H, Barabasi A L. Error and attack tolerance of complex networks [J]. Nature,2000,406(6794):378-382.
[34]吴俊,谭跃进.复杂网络抗毁性测度研究[J].系统工程学报,2005,20(2)：128-131.
[35]肖伟锋,钟联炯.一种通信网络抗毁性评价方法[J].西安工业学院学报,2002,22(4)：292-296.
[36]陈建国,张永静.通信网络拓扑抗毁性评估算法研究[J].无线电通信技术,2006,32(1)：6-7.
[37]唐新强,倪佑生,陈军.基于节点的地域通信网抗毁性评价及应用[J].无线电通信技术,2008.34(2)：11-13.
[38]Poul E. Heegaard, Kishor S. Trivedi. Network Survivability Model ing[J]. Computer Network,2009,53:1215-1334.
[39]谭跃进,吕欣,吴俊,邓宏钟.复杂网络抗毁性研究的主要科学问题[J].系统工程理论与实践,2008,6(增刊)：116-120.
[40]Vito Latora, Massimo Marchiori. Vulnerability and protection of infrastructure networks[J]. Phys.Rev.E.2005,71:015103(R).
[41]张中伟,陈建国.抗毁通信网络设计[J].无线电通信技术,2000,26(2)：33-38.
[42]陈建国,姜锋.通信网基于业务的抗毁性分析[J].无线电通信技术,1998,24(3)：18-22.
[43]高沾,施其洲.城市轨道网络抗毁可靠性定义及评价指标模型研究[J].铁道学报,2007,29(3)：29-33.
[44]李鹏翔,任玉晴,席酉民.网络节点(集)重要性的一种度量指标[J].系统工程,2004,22(4)：13-20.
[45]刘浪,邓伟,采峰,陈玲.节点重要度计算的新方法一优先等级法[J].中国管理科学(专辑),2007,15：162-165.
[46]吴俊,谭跃进,邓红钟,迟妍.考虑级联欠效的复杂负载网络节点重要度评估[J],小型微型计算机系统,2007,28(4)：627-630.
[47]朱静,杨晓静.地域通信网的关键节点识别方法[J].探测与控制学报,2008,30(增刊)：55-58.
[48]Knoke D, Burt R S. Prominence A, Burt R S, Minor M J. Applied network analysis[C]. Newbury Park, CA:Sage,1983:195-222.
[49]赵毅寰,王祖林,郑晶,郭旭静.利用重要性贡献矩阵确定通信网中最重要节点[J].北京航空航大大学学报,2009,35(9)：1076-1079.
[50]朱静,杨晓静.一种新的地域通信网关键节点识别方法[J].电子信息对抗技术,2009,24(5)：33-36.
[51]叶春森,汪传雷,刘宏伟.网络节点重要度评价方法研究[J].统计与决策,2001,1：22-24.
[52]谭跃进,吴俊,邓宏钟.复杂网络中节点重要度评估的节点收缩方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2006,11：79-83.
[53]刘艳,顺雪平.基于节点重要度评价的骨架网络重构[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(10)：20-27.
[54]罗志忠,张丰焰.主成分分析法在公路网节点重要度指标权重分析中的应用[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2005,5(6)：78-81.
[55]Tamura T, Sugimoto H, Kamimae T. Application of genetic algorithms to determining priority of urban road improvement[J]. Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1994, 482(IV-22):37-46.
[56]Sato T, Ichii K. Optimization of post-earthquake restoration of lifeline networks using genetic algorithms[J]. Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1996, 537(I-35):245-256.
[57]Arimura M, Tamura T, Saito K. Application of genetic algorithms model for road investment of restoration planning[J]. Journal of 2nd Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,1999:55-69.
[58]Chen Y-W, Tzeng G-H. A fuzzy multi-objective model for reconstructing the post-quake road-network by genetic algorithm[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy System,1999,1(2):85-95.
[59]Fiedrich F, Gehbauer F, Rickers U. Optimized resource allocation for emergency response after earthquake disasters[J]. Safety Science,2000,35:41-57.
[60]Feng C-M, Wang T-C. Highway emergency rehabilitation scheduling in post-earthquake 72 hours[J]. Journal of the 5th Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,2003,3276-3285.
[61]Feng C-M, Wang T-C. Seismic emergency rehabilitation scheduling for rural highways[J]. Transportation Planning Journal,2005,34(2):177-210.
[62]Shangyao Yan, Yu-Lin Shih. Optimal scheduling of Emergency roadway repair and subsequent relif distribution[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2009,36:2049-2065.
[63]Chen,Y. W., and Tzeng, G. H., A fuzzy multi-objective model for reconstructing the post-quake road-network by genetic algorithm[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy System,1999,1(2):85-95.
[64]陈昭明,王林泽,马林.铁路事故救援辅助决策系统的研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(5)：8-13.
[65]刘仍奎,程晓卿,孙全欣.铁路事故救援系统的构建研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(11)：43-47.
[66]Ray J. A multi-period linear programming model for optimally scheduling the distribution of food-aid in west africa[D]. University of Tennessee,1987.
[67]Rathi AK, Church RL and Solanki RS. Allocating Resources to support a multicommodity flow with time windows[J]. Logistics and Transportation Review, 1993,28:167-188.
[68]Haghani A, Oh Sei-Chang. Formulation and solution of a multi-commodity, multi-modal network flow for disaster relief operation[J]. Transportation Research A,1996,30(3):231-250.
[69]Equi L., Gallo C., Marziale S. and Weintraub A., A combined transportation and scheduling problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997,97(1):94-104.
[70]Wael M Eldessouki. Some development in transportation network analysis and design with application to emergency management problems[D]. North Carolina State University,1998.
[71]Barbarosoglu G., ozdamar L., Cevik A. An interactive approach for hierarchical analysis of helicopter logistics in disaster relief operations[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2002,140(1):118-133.
[72]Tzeng G H, Cheng H J, Huang T D. Multi-objective optimal planning for designing relief delivery systems[J]. Transportation Research Part E,2007,43:673-686.
[73]何建敏,刘春林.限制期条件下应急车辆调度问题的模糊优化方法[J].控制与决策,2001,16：318-321.
[74]施佑林.灾后工程抢修作业与赈灾物流排程的研究[D].中国台湾省：国立中央大学土木工程研究所.2004.
[75]缪成.突发公共事件下应急物流中的优化运输问题的研究[D].上海：同济大学,2007.
[76]吴晓东,周磊山,孙琦.铁路紧急输送计划模型与算法研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(5)：1-7.
[77]吴晓东,周磊山,徐开启,孙琦.特殊需求的大规模集中铁路运输的运行计划研究[J].铁道学报,2006,28(6)：22-27.
[78]P.J. Dejax, T. G. Crainic. A Review of empty flows and fleet management models in freight transportation[J]. Transportation Science,1987,21(4):227-247.
[79]J. F. Cordeau, P. Toth, D. Vigo. A survey of optimization models for train routing and scheduling[J]. Transportation Science,1998,32(4):380-404.
[80]A. E. Haghani. Rail freight transportation:a Review of recent optimization models for train routing and empty car distribution[J]. Journal of advanced transportation,1987,21 (2):147-172.
[81]G. P. Ouimet. Empty freight car distribution[D]. Queen's University,1972.
[82]K. Holmberg, M.Joborn, J. T. Lundgren. Improved empty freight car distribution[J]. Transportation science,1998,32 (2):163-173.
[83]S.Gorenstein, S.Poley, W. White. On the scheduling of the railroad freight operations[R]. ibm Philadelphia scientific center, IBM,1971.
[84]Ricardo Fukasawa, Marcus Vinicius Poggi de Aragao, Oscar Porto, Eduardo Uchoa. Solving the freight car flow problem to optimality[J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2002,55(6):1-11.
[85]White W. W., Bomberawlt AM.. A net work algorithm for empty freight car allocation[J]. IBM System Journal,1969,15(2):147-169.
[86]胡晓龙.集装箱空箱调运优化的模型与方法研究[D].南京：东南大学,2005.
[87]T. S. Glickman, H. D. Sherali. Large-scale network distribution of pooled empty freight cars over time, with limited substitution and equitable benefits[J]. Transportation Research Part B,1985,19(2):85-94.
[88]Y. S. Shan. A dynamic multi-commodity network flow model for real optimal rail freight car management[D]. Princeton:Princeton University,1985.
[89]梁栋,林柏梁.铁路空车调配的多阶段策略优化模型研究[J].铁道学报,2007,29(1)：1-6.
[90]聂阿新.铁路智能运输系统应用前景、框架体系和关键技术研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002(4)：15-20.
[91]张国伍.交通运输系统分析[M].成都：硝南交通大学出版社,1991.
[92]彭辉.综合交通运输系统理论分析[D].撕安：长安大学,2006.
[93]谷长森.铁路运输系统分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,1996,(6)：90-98.
[94]闩海峰,彭其渊.铁路客货运输组织系统特性的比较分析[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2006,4(3)：46-52.
[95]陈宽吣.城市交通系统理论分析与应用[D].西安：长安大学,2003.
[96]朱世朋,张全寿.铁路运输系统动态分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,(1)：125-130.
[97]王姣娥,金凤君.中国铁路客运网络组织与空间服务系统优化[J],地理学报,2005,60(3)：371-380.
[98]何大韧,刘宗华,汪秉宏.复杂系统与复杂网络[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009.
[99]汪小帆,李翔,陈关荣.复杂网络理论及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[100]S. Boccaletti, V. Latora, Y.Moreno, M.Chavez, D.-U. Hwang. Complex networks: Structure and dynamic[J]. Physica Reports,2006,424:175-308.
[101]秦启文等.突发事件的管理与应对[M].北京：新华出版社,2004.
[102]赵颖.突发事件应对法治研究[D].北京：中国政法大学,2006.
[103]赵敬宝,祝梦雷,王华命.炮兵通信网可靠性评估[J].弹道学报,2007,19(4)：94-96.
[104]张俊良.复杂网络可靠性研究[D].大连：大连理工大学.2006.
[105]郭波等.系统可靠性分析[M].长沙：国防科技大学出版社.2002.
[106]高社生,张玲霞.可靠性理论与工程应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2002.
[107]Alan Nicholson. Transport Network Reliability Measurement and Analysis[J].Revista Transportes,2003,11(2):49-62.
[108]沈珍瑶,杨志峰,曹瑜.环境脆弱性研究述评[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(3)：91-94.
[109]Char Sample, Symantec, Ianpoynter. Quantifying in the network environment: methods and uses[C]. TICS,2000,299.
[110]巫继雨.网络脆弱性分析[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2006.
[111]陈倬.基于脆弱性分析的城市物流系统安全性研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
[112]John M. Carroll. Scenarios and Design Cognition[C], The IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering,2002,
[113]刘晓敏.基于情景的产品创新设计过程若干关键技术研究[D].河北工业大学,2007.
[114]夏春热.基于情景分析的概念设计方法体系研究及其应用[D].西北工业大学,2005.
[115]Redundancy importance:Links as rerouting alternatives during road network disruptions[J]. International Conference on Evacuation Modeling and Management, 2010,3:129-137.
[116]ALAN T. MURRAY, TIMOTHY C. MATISZIW, AND TOHY H. GRUBESIC. A methodological overview of network vulnerability analysis[J]. Growth and Change, 2008,39 (4):573-592.
[117]杨红娃.网络关键节点与关键链路分析识别技术[C],中国电子学会电子对抗分会第十一届通信对抗学术年会论文集,2006：335-341
[118]Erik Jenelius. Redundancy importance:Links as rerouting alternatives during road network disruptions[J]. International Conference on Evacuation Modeling and Management,2010,3:129-137.
[119]HAIZHUANG K, CLIVE B, YANG Q P. A New Survivability Measure for Military Communication Networks[C], Proceedings of IEEE Milcom,1998:71-75
[120]Linton C. Freeman, Stephen P. Borgatti and Douglas R. White. Centrality in valued graphs:A measure of betweenness based on network flow[J], Social Networks, 1991,13(2):141-154.
[121]Paolo Crucitti, Vito Latora and Sergio Porta. Centrality measures in spatial networks of urban streets[J], Physical Review,2006,73(3):036125(5).
[122]Alexander Erath, Michael Lochl and Kay W. Axhausen. Graph-theoretical analysis of the Swiss road and railway networks[J], Networks and Spatial Economics,2009, 9(3):379-400
[123]Erik Jenelius, Tom Petersen,et al. Importance and exposure in road network vulnerabiiility analysis[J]. Transportation Research PartA, 2006,40(7):537-560.
[124]Michael Taylor, Somenahalli Sekhar, Glen D'Este. Application of accessibility based methods for vulnerability analysis of strategic road network[J]. Networks and Spatial Economics,2006,6(3):267-291.
[125]Anthony Chen, Chao Yang, Sirisak Kongsomsaksakul and Ming Lee. Network-based accessibility measures for vulnerability analysis of degradable transportation networks[J]. Networks and Spitial Economics,2007,7(3):241-256.
[126]Timothy C. Matisziw, Alan T.Murray. Modeling s-t path availability to support disaster vulnerability assessment of network infrastructure[J]. Computers and Operations Research,2009,36(1):16-26.
[127]Qiang Qiang and Anna Nagurney. A unified network performance measure with importance identification and the ranking of network components[J]. Optimization Letters,2008,2 (1):127-142.
[128]王华.铁路客流高峰期旅客运输的特点及对策[J].铁道运输与经济,2004(10)：38-39.
[129]王华,季令.我国铁路客运合理径路选择的研究[J].上海铁道大学学报,1999,20(4)：51-54.
[130]Alexander Stepanov, James MacGregor Smith. Multi-objective evacuation routing in transportation networks[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2009, 198:435-446.
[131]Cordeau, J.-F., Toth, P. and Vigo, D. A survey of optimization models for train routing and scheduling[J]. Transportation Science,1998,32(4):380-404.
[132]Hershberger, J., Suri,S. and Bhosle, A. Finding the K shortest simple paths. Technical Report[R], University of California, Santa Barbara,2001.
[133]Yen, J. Y. Finding the K shortest loopless paths in a network[J]. Management Science,1971,17:712-716.
[134]Yen, J. Y. Another algorithm for finding the K shortest loopless network paths[C]. Proceedings of 41st Meeting Operations Research Society of America,1972.
[135]海军.战区联勤配送运输路径优化问题研究[D].北京：清华大学,2008.
[136]苏顺虎,陈治亚.铁路网车流径路优化模型及算法研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(06)：1-6.
[137]Crainic, T. G. Service network design in freight transportation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,122(2):272-288.
[138]Roy, J. and Delorme, L. NETPLAN:A network optimization model for tactical planning in the less-than-truckload motor-carrier industry[J]. Information, 1989,27 (1):22-35.
[139]Powell, W. B. A local improvement heuristic for the design of less-than-truckload motor carrier networks[J]. Transportation Science,1989,20(4):246-357.
[140]Crainic T G. Service network design in freight transportation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,122(2):272-288.
[141]Smilowitz K, Atamturk A, Daganzo, C F. Deferred item and vehicle routing within integrated networks[J]. Transportation Research E,2003,39(4):305-323.
[142]Magnanti, T. L. and Wong, R. T. Network design and transportation planning: models and algorithms[J]. Transportation Science,1984,18(1):1-55.
[143]Kim, D., Barnhart, C., Ware, K. and Reinhardt, G. Multimodal express package delivery:A service network design application[J]. Transportation Science,1999, 33(4):391-407.
[144]Kim, D. and Barnhart, C.,Transportation service network design:Models and algorithms [A]. Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling, Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems, Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1999,471:259-283.
[145]Kim D. Large scale transportation service network design:models, algorithms and applications[D]. Center for Transportation Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,1997.
[146]Farvolden, J. M. and Powell, W. B. Subgradient method for the service network design problem[J]. Transportation Science,1994,28(3):256-272.
[147]Baxter, R. S., and G. Leniz. The Measurement of Relative Accessibility[J]. Regional Studies,1975,9:15-26.
[148]Kirby, H. R. Accessibility indices for abstract road networks[J]. Regional Studies,1976,10:479-482.
[149]Vickerman, R. W. Accessibility, Attraction, and potential:a review of some concepts and their use in determining mobility[J]. Environment and Planning A,1974,6:675-691.
[150]Muraco, W. A. Intraurban Accessibility[J]. Economic Geography,1972,48:388-405
[151]Stewart, J. Q.,and W. Warntz. Macrogeography and social science[J]. Geographical Review,1958,48(2):167-184.
[152]Hansen, W.G. How accessibility shapes land use[J]. Journal of the American institute of planners,1959,25:73-76.
[153]Wachs,M., and J.G. Kumagai. Physical accessibility as a social indicator [J]. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,1973,7:437-456.
[154]Mitchell, C. G.B., and S. W. Town. Accessibility of various social groups to different activities[C]. In Supplementary Report 258, Transportation and Road Research Laboratory, Crow thiorne, Berks,1977.
[155]Brehenny, M. J. The Measurement of spatial opportunity in strategic planning[J]. Regional Studies,1978,12:463-479.
[156]Javier Gutierrez, Rafael Gonzalez, Gabriel Gomez. The European high-speed train network[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,1996, (4):227-238.
[157]Bowen J.. Ariline hubs in southeast asia:national economic development and nodal accessibility[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2000,8:25-41.
[158]Linneker B,Spence N. Road transport infrastructure and regional economic development:the regional development effects of the M25 london orbital motorway[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,1996,4(2):77-92.
[159]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1989.
[160]束金龙,闻大凯.线形规划理论与模型应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[161]王晓东.算法设计与分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[162]谢金星,邢文训.网络优化[M].北京：清华大学出皈社,2000.
[163]谢政,李建平.网络算法与复杂性理论[M].长沙：国防科技大学出版社,1995.
[164]邢文训,谢金星.现代优化计算方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999.
[165]杨浩,何世伟.铁路运输组织学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[166]张建中,许绍吉.线性规划[M].北京：科学出版社,1999.
[167]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
[168]兰家隆,刘军.应用图论及算法[M].成都：电子科技大学出版社,1995.
[169]吴建军,高自友,孙会君,赵晖.城市交通系统复杂性一复杂网络方法及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.
[170]钱颂迪,等.运筹学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1990.