天津市艾滋病高危人群HIV和梅毒感染状况及行为特征分析
摘要
目的：通过对三类高危人群(吸毒者、男男性行为者、暗娼)艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况、行为特征及相关信息的研究,了解此三类人群艾滋病流行状况和流行因素；分析相应人群艾滋病流行趋势,为制定艾滋病防治策略和干预措施及效果评价提供依据。
方法：2009年、2010年分别在规定的调查期内针对相应人群采用横断面的形式对符合标准的对象进行问卷调查同时采集血样进行相关的血清学检测。调查主要内容包括：一般人口学信息(包括年龄、性别、婚姻、户籍、民族、文化程度等)；血清学信息(包括艾滋病病毒抗体检测、梅毒检测情况)；行为学信息(包括性行为、吸毒行为等高危行为信息)；艾滋病防治有关信息(包括艾滋病防治知识知晓率、接受检测和行为干预服务的情况等)。
结果：
1.吸毒者调查结果：吸毒者以男性青壮年为主,一半以上的调查对象文化程度在初中及以下；2009年调查对象注射毒品的比例为59.8%,2010年调查对象注射毒品比例为75.5%,两年调查都显示本市户籍的吸毒者注射毒品比例低于非本市户籍吸毒者注射毒品的比例,调查对象最近一年与固定性伴发生性行为每次都使用安个套的比例：2009年为11.4%,2010年为14.4%；最近年发生商业性行为的比例,2009年为29.1%,2010年为21.0%。调查对象艾滋病知识知晓率,2009年为57.0%,2010年为76.3%。2009年调查对象HIV感染率为3.1%,梅毒感染率为4.1%；2009年调查发现文化程度高为感染HIV的保护因素,注射毒品以及最近一年有商业性行为为感染HIV的危险因素。2010年调查对象HIV感染率为8.25%,梅毒感染率为1.25%,2010年调查发现本市户籍、汉族、艾滋病知晓率高为HIV感染的保护因素,而注射毒品为其危险因素。
2.暗娼调查结果：我市暗娟未婚者居多并且初中及以下文化程度者居多,暗娟流动性较大,2009年有72.5%的调查对象在天津工作不到一年,2010年有73.5%的调查对象在天津工作不到一年。调查对象最近一个月每次都是用安全套的比例2009年为66.3%,2010年为68.2%；艾滋病知识知晓率2009年为83.4%,2010年为76.7%。2009年调查对象HIV感染率为0.1%,梅毒感染率为1.6%；2010年调查对象HIV感染率为0.12%,梅毒感染率为2.05%。
3.男男性行为者调查结果：2009年与2010年调查发现我是MSM人群文化程度相对较高,两年调查第一次与男性发生性行为年龄中位数都为22岁,与最近六个月性行为每次都使用安全套的比例2009年为51.1%2010年为39.1%,调查对象最近六个月平均性伴数,2009年为13,2010年为16。艾滋病知识知晓率2009年为85.4%,2010年为74.8%。两年调查都发现经常去浴池、桑拿、足疗、按摩场所的调查对象HIV感染率高于不经常去此类场所的调查对象,感染梅毒的调查对象HIV感染率高于未感染梅毒的调查对象的HIV!感染率。
结论：不同年份不同调查对象对艾滋病知识均有一定程度的了解,但是均需要提高,不同调查对象感染HIV的危险行为普遍存在,不同调查对象均有不同程度的HIV感染现象,因此应加强对高危人群的健康教育与行为干预工作,减少高危人群艾滋病感染风险,预防艾滋病经过高危人群扩散到一般人群。
Objective:To understand the Prevalence situation and the ePidemiological factors of AIDS, and analyze the tendency of AIDS among the high-risk behavior grouPs, which include injection drug users, men who have sex with men (MSM), and female commercial sexual workers, we described the infection of HIV and syPhilis, and the AIDS-related behavioral characteristics of these three grouPs. It may be Provide the basis for formulating the AIDS Prevention and control strategy, interventions and evaluation.
Methods:In the Provision Period of 2009 and 2010, using cross-sectional survey to investigate the PeoPle who measured uP to standard, and While collecting blood samPles for serological detection. The main contents of investigation included the general demograPhic information (e.g, age, sex, marriage, residence, nationality, standard of culture), the serological information (e.g, HIV antibodies test, syPhilis antibodies test), the behavioral information (e.g, sexual act, injection drug use), and the AIDS Prevention and control information (e.g, the awareness of AIDS Prevention and control knowledge, the situation of accePtance testing and behavior intervention services).
Results:
1. The result of investigation among injection drug users
Most of the injection drug users were young male adults, and more than half of the resPondents had very low culture. The rate of the resPondents who had injected drug was 59.8% in 2009, and the rate was 75.5% in 2010. The investigation results of both two years showed that the number of the injection drug users, who were Tianjin registered resident, was less than PeoPle who were non-Tianjin registered resident. 11.4% had used a condom every time when they had sex with regular sexual Partners at the most recent year in 2009, and the rate was 14.4% in 2010.29.1% had commercial sex at the most recent year in 2009, and the rate was 21.0% in 2010. The AIDS knowledge rate was 57.0% in 2009, and was 76.3% in 2010. HIV and current syPhilis infection rate were 3.1% and 4.1% in 2009, resPectively. The result of investigation showed that received advanced education was the Protective factor of HIV infection; injected drug and commercial sex were risk factors. HIV and current syPhilis infection rate were 8.25% and 1.25% in 2010, resPectively. The result of investigation showed that the Protective factors of HIV infection were Tianjin registered resident, the Han nationality, and the high AIDS knowledge rate. The risk factor was injecting drug.
2 The result of investigation among the female commercial sexual workers
Most of the female commercial sexual workers in Tianjin were unmarried, and their culture was very low. The migration of this grouP was very high.72.5% of the resPondents worked less than a year in Tianjin in 2009, and the rate was 73.5% in 2010.66.3% had used a condom every time when they had commercial sex at the last month in 2009, and the rate was 68.2% in 2010. The AIDS knowledge rate was 83.4% in 2009, and was 76.7% in 2010.HIV and current syPhilis infection rate were 0.1% and 1.6% in 2009, resPectively, and the rates were 0.12% and 2.05% in 2010.
3 The result of investigation among MSM
The investigation results of both two years showed that the stander of culture of MSM was relatively high. And the median age of the first sex with male is 22.51.1% had used a condom every time when they had sex at the last six month in 2009, and the rate was 39.1% in 2010. The average number of sexual Partner was 13 at the last six month in 2009, and the number was 16 in 2010. The AIDS knowledge rate was 85.4% in 2009, and was 74.8% in 2010.The investigation results of both two years showed that the resPondents who had often went to Public entertainment for bath, sauna, foot and massage, had much higher infection rate than those didn't. And the resPondents who infected with syPhilis also had much higher infection rate than those did not infect.
Conclusion:Different resPondents in different years had a certain degree of knowledge of AIDS knowledge; however it still needs to imProve. The risk behaviors of HIV infection were ubiquitous among different grouPs, and the resPondents of different grouPs have different degree of HIV infection. Accordingly, we should be strengthened health education and behavioral interventions about the high-risk grouPs, to reduce the risk of HIV infection, and Prevent the sPread of AIDS from high-risk to the general PoPulation.
方法：2009年、2010年分别在规定的调查期内针对相应人群采用横断面的形式对符合标准的对象进行问卷调查同时采集血样进行相关的血清学检测。调查主要内容包括：一般人口学信息(包括年龄、性别、婚姻、户籍、民族、文化程度等)；血清学信息(包括艾滋病病毒抗体检测、梅毒检测情况)；行为学信息(包括性行为、吸毒行为等高危行为信息)；艾滋病防治有关信息(包括艾滋病防治知识知晓率、接受检测和行为干预服务的情况等)。
结果：
1.吸毒者调查结果：吸毒者以男性青壮年为主,一半以上的调查对象文化程度在初中及以下；2009年调查对象注射毒品的比例为59.8%,2010年调查对象注射毒品比例为75.5%,两年调查都显示本市户籍的吸毒者注射毒品比例低于非本市户籍吸毒者注射毒品的比例,调查对象最近一年与固定性伴发生性行为每次都使用安个套的比例：2009年为11.4%,2010年为14.4%；最近年发生商业性行为的比例,2009年为29.1%,2010年为21.0%。调查对象艾滋病知识知晓率,2009年为57.0%,2010年为76.3%。2009年调查对象HIV感染率为3.1%,梅毒感染率为4.1%；2009年调查发现文化程度高为感染HIV的保护因素,注射毒品以及最近一年有商业性行为为感染HIV的危险因素。2010年调查对象HIV感染率为8.25%,梅毒感染率为1.25%,2010年调查发现本市户籍、汉族、艾滋病知晓率高为HIV感染的保护因素,而注射毒品为其危险因素。
2.暗娼调查结果：我市暗娟未婚者居多并且初中及以下文化程度者居多,暗娟流动性较大,2009年有72.5%的调查对象在天津工作不到一年,2010年有73.5%的调查对象在天津工作不到一年。调查对象最近一个月每次都是用安全套的比例2009年为66.3%,2010年为68.2%；艾滋病知识知晓率2009年为83.4%,2010年为76.7%。2009年调查对象HIV感染率为0.1%,梅毒感染率为1.6%；2010年调查对象HIV感染率为0.12%,梅毒感染率为2.05%。
3.男男性行为者调查结果：2009年与2010年调查发现我是MSM人群文化程度相对较高,两年调查第一次与男性发生性行为年龄中位数都为22岁,与最近六个月性行为每次都使用安全套的比例2009年为51.1%2010年为39.1%,调查对象最近六个月平均性伴数,2009年为13,2010年为16。艾滋病知识知晓率2009年为85.4%,2010年为74.8%。两年调查都发现经常去浴池、桑拿、足疗、按摩场所的调查对象HIV感染率高于不经常去此类场所的调查对象,感染梅毒的调查对象HIV感染率高于未感染梅毒的调查对象的HIV!感染率。
结论：不同年份不同调查对象对艾滋病知识均有一定程度的了解,但是均需要提高,不同调查对象感染HIV的危险行为普遍存在,不同调查对象均有不同程度的HIV感染现象,因此应加强对高危人群的健康教育与行为干预工作,减少高危人群艾滋病感染风险,预防艾滋病经过高危人群扩散到一般人群。
Objective:To understand the Prevalence situation and the ePidemiological factors of AIDS, and analyze the tendency of AIDS among the high-risk behavior grouPs, which include injection drug users, men who have sex with men (MSM), and female commercial sexual workers, we described the infection of HIV and syPhilis, and the AIDS-related behavioral characteristics of these three grouPs. It may be Provide the basis for formulating the AIDS Prevention and control strategy, interventions and evaluation.
Methods:In the Provision Period of 2009 and 2010, using cross-sectional survey to investigate the PeoPle who measured uP to standard, and While collecting blood samPles for serological detection. The main contents of investigation included the general demograPhic information (e.g, age, sex, marriage, residence, nationality, standard of culture), the serological information (e.g, HIV antibodies test, syPhilis antibodies test), the behavioral information (e.g, sexual act, injection drug use), and the AIDS Prevention and control information (e.g, the awareness of AIDS Prevention and control knowledge, the situation of accePtance testing and behavior intervention services).
Results:
1. The result of investigation among injection drug users
Most of the injection drug users were young male adults, and more than half of the resPondents had very low culture. The rate of the resPondents who had injected drug was 59.8% in 2009, and the rate was 75.5% in 2010. The investigation results of both two years showed that the number of the injection drug users, who were Tianjin registered resident, was less than PeoPle who were non-Tianjin registered resident. 11.4% had used a condom every time when they had sex with regular sexual Partners at the most recent year in 2009, and the rate was 14.4% in 2010.29.1% had commercial sex at the most recent year in 2009, and the rate was 21.0% in 2010. The AIDS knowledge rate was 57.0% in 2009, and was 76.3% in 2010. HIV and current syPhilis infection rate were 3.1% and 4.1% in 2009, resPectively. The result of investigation showed that received advanced education was the Protective factor of HIV infection; injected drug and commercial sex were risk factors. HIV and current syPhilis infection rate were 8.25% and 1.25% in 2010, resPectively. The result of investigation showed that the Protective factors of HIV infection were Tianjin registered resident, the Han nationality, and the high AIDS knowledge rate. The risk factor was injecting drug.
2 The result of investigation among the female commercial sexual workers
Most of the female commercial sexual workers in Tianjin were unmarried, and their culture was very low. The migration of this grouP was very high.72.5% of the resPondents worked less than a year in Tianjin in 2009, and the rate was 73.5% in 2010.66.3% had used a condom every time when they had commercial sex at the last month in 2009, and the rate was 68.2% in 2010. The AIDS knowledge rate was 83.4% in 2009, and was 76.7% in 2010.HIV and current syPhilis infection rate were 0.1% and 1.6% in 2009, resPectively, and the rates were 0.12% and 2.05% in 2010.
3 The result of investigation among MSM
The investigation results of both two years showed that the stander of culture of MSM was relatively high. And the median age of the first sex with male is 22.51.1% had used a condom every time when they had sex at the last six month in 2009, and the rate was 39.1% in 2010. The average number of sexual Partner was 13 at the last six month in 2009, and the number was 16 in 2010. The AIDS knowledge rate was 85.4% in 2009, and was 74.8% in 2010.The investigation results of both two years showed that the resPondents who had often went to Public entertainment for bath, sauna, foot and massage, had much higher infection rate than those didn't. And the resPondents who infected with syPhilis also had much higher infection rate than those did not infect.
Conclusion:Different resPondents in different years had a certain degree of knowledge of AIDS knowledge; however it still needs to imProve. The risk behaviors of HIV infection were ubiquitous among different grouPs, and the resPondents of different grouPs have different degree of HIV infection. Accordingly, we should be strengthened health education and behavioral interventions about the high-risk grouPs, to reduce the risk of HIV infection, and Prevent the sPread of AIDS from high-risk to the general PoPulation.
引文
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