综合医院候诊区声环境研究
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摘要
近年，大量研究数据表明：现代大型综合医院的声环境普遍存在噪声超标等现象，但是有关这些问题的解决并不令人满意。医院建筑是具有多重功能的空间综合体，其中的候诊区是人员密集并且长时间停留的场所。有关人员通过对某综合医院门诊声环境实测发现：候诊区在一个工作日内的平均声压级高于门诊空间的其他部位。考虑研究的典型性和紧迫性，课题以综合医院候诊区声环境为研究对象，旨在揭示候诊区中声音、环境和听者三者的内在关系，发现候诊区声环境变化发展的规律，解决候诊区声环境的主要矛盾，为实现医院建设的人性化设计提供技术支持。
论文以现代大型综合医院候诊区为研究对象，首先进行了候诊区声环境满意度评价量表的研究。量表包括医护和患者两种类型，量表的设计以建筑声学、社会学、医学等多学科理论为基础，逐步进行了预量表的设计，预量表的信度和效度检验直至正式量表的形成。研究建立的量表为今后候诊区声环境的主观评价研究提供了一种科学可靠的测量工具。
使用者是候诊区声环境研究的主体。论文通过研究发现了医患评价的候诊区声源、声场和声喜好的规律，以及其他环境要素、医患的社会特征等因素与候诊区声环境满意度评价的关系。
候诊区的空间环境是使用者和声音之间联系的纽带，是论文研究的载体。研究发现了候诊区声源的主要类型、成分特征，以及声场随频率、时间、人群密度和候诊区类型的变化规律，这些发现为候诊区声环境设计策略的提出奠定了基础。
为了在设计环节就能够把握候诊区的声环境特征，论文从候诊区空间布局、吸声设计和电声系统设计角度提出了候诊区声环境的设计策略，为创建良好的候诊区声环境提供了方法论的支持。
实现医院建设的人性化设计，切实为患者和医护提供健康舒适的医疗环境，是现代医院发展过程中一直面临的问题，本论文的研究成果必将为医院候诊区声环境的改善和研究提供崭新的研究方法和科学指导。
In the recent years, A lot of research data showed that there are many problemsof sound environment in morden hospitals including excessive noise and others, butthe solutions are inadequte. The hospital building is a space complex with manyfunctions where the waiting area provides a place personnel gathers and staying fora long time. The measured data of sound environment took by some researchersshowed that the average of SPL in the waiting areas has exceeded other parts in theoutpatient departments in a day in the clinics of a general hospital. In consideringthe representation and urgency, the paper takes the sound environment in waitingareas in general hospitals as the research object to reveal the internal relationsamong sound, environment and hearer, discovering the laws of changes anddevelopments, and revloving the main contradictions in sound environment in thewaiting areas so as to provide technique support for achieving the people-orienteddesign of hospital construction.
The waiting area in morden large general hospitals is the research object of thepaper. First, the scale study on satisfaction evaluation of sound environment inwaiting areas is made. The scale construction based on architectural acoustics,sociology and medicine. There are two types in the scale for medical staff andpatients respectively. The pre-scale design, reliability and validity test and formingof the scale are also conducted gradually. At the same time, the scale has become anew and reliable measurement for the subjective evaluating study of soundenvironment in waiting areas.
Users are the research subject of sound environment in waiting areas. The lawsof sources, sound field and sound preference evaluated by medical staff and patientsare discovered in the paper. The research also demonstrates that the relationsbetween other environmental factors, user’s social, behaviour and subjective factorsand sound environment.
As a bridge between the users and the sound, the space environment of waitingareas is the research carrier. Research finds that the main types of sources,composition features, and the rules of SPL with the frequency, time and types ofwaiting areas so as to lay the foundations for the design strategies.
To master the features of sound environment in waiting areas during designperiod, The design strategies are put forward from the space layout, the design ofsound absorption and eletronic acoustic system. The study offers the methodsupport for building healthy sound environment in waiting areas.
The principal problems facing the hospitals are realizing human nature design of the hospital building and providing healthy and safe medical environment. Theresearch results of the project will surely offer a new method and scientific guidancefor the design and improving of sound environment in waiting areas.
论文以现代大型综合医院候诊区为研究对象，首先进行了候诊区声环境满意度评价量表的研究。量表包括医护和患者两种类型，量表的设计以建筑声学、社会学、医学等多学科理论为基础，逐步进行了预量表的设计，预量表的信度和效度检验直至正式量表的形成。研究建立的量表为今后候诊区声环境的主观评价研究提供了一种科学可靠的测量工具。
使用者是候诊区声环境研究的主体。论文通过研究发现了医患评价的候诊区声源、声场和声喜好的规律，以及其他环境要素、医患的社会特征等因素与候诊区声环境满意度评价的关系。
候诊区的空间环境是使用者和声音之间联系的纽带，是论文研究的载体。研究发现了候诊区声源的主要类型、成分特征，以及声场随频率、时间、人群密度和候诊区类型的变化规律，这些发现为候诊区声环境设计策略的提出奠定了基础。
为了在设计环节就能够把握候诊区的声环境特征，论文从候诊区空间布局、吸声设计和电声系统设计角度提出了候诊区声环境的设计策略，为创建良好的候诊区声环境提供了方法论的支持。
实现医院建设的人性化设计，切实为患者和医护提供健康舒适的医疗环境，是现代医院发展过程中一直面临的问题，本论文的研究成果必将为医院候诊区声环境的改善和研究提供崭新的研究方法和科学指导。
In the recent years, A lot of research data showed that there are many problemsof sound environment in morden hospitals including excessive noise and others, butthe solutions are inadequte. The hospital building is a space complex with manyfunctions where the waiting area provides a place personnel gathers and staying fora long time. The measured data of sound environment took by some researchersshowed that the average of SPL in the waiting areas has exceeded other parts in theoutpatient departments in a day in the clinics of a general hospital. In consideringthe representation and urgency, the paper takes the sound environment in waitingareas in general hospitals as the research object to reveal the internal relationsamong sound, environment and hearer, discovering the laws of changes anddevelopments, and revloving the main contradictions in sound environment in thewaiting areas so as to provide technique support for achieving the people-orienteddesign of hospital construction.
The waiting area in morden large general hospitals is the research object of thepaper. First, the scale study on satisfaction evaluation of sound environment inwaiting areas is made. The scale construction based on architectural acoustics,sociology and medicine. There are two types in the scale for medical staff andpatients respectively. The pre-scale design, reliability and validity test and formingof the scale are also conducted gradually. At the same time, the scale has become anew and reliable measurement for the subjective evaluating study of soundenvironment in waiting areas.
Users are the research subject of sound environment in waiting areas. The lawsof sources, sound field and sound preference evaluated by medical staff and patientsare discovered in the paper. The research also demonstrates that the relationsbetween other environmental factors, user’s social, behaviour and subjective factorsand sound environment.
As a bridge between the users and the sound, the space environment of waitingareas is the research carrier. Research finds that the main types of sources,composition features, and the rules of SPL with the frequency, time and types ofwaiting areas so as to lay the foundations for the design strategies.
To master the features of sound environment in waiting areas during designperiod, The design strategies are put forward from the space layout, the design ofsound absorption and eletronic acoustic system. The study offers the methodsupport for building healthy sound environment in waiting areas.
The principal problems facing the hospitals are realizing human nature design of the hospital building and providing healthy and safe medical environment. Theresearch results of the project will surely offer a new method and scientific guidancefor the design and improving of sound environment in waiting areas.
引文
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