志丹白土改性及应用研究
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摘要
本文是将天然的陕西志丹白土进行改性处理即酸活化,对活化后的白土和天然白土进行了测试与表征,通过对比和实验寻找了最佳的活化方法。将最优活化后的白土应用于废水铅离子吸附、工业废水处理等工业生产中,并将其和Gd-Cd共掺TiO_2合成复合催化剂并对其光催化性进行能研究,以及在陕北炼油厂工业废水处理中的应用探索。
以志丹白土为原料,利用湿法生产工艺制备高效活性白土。试验确定酸介质为硝酸(HNO_3),控制固液比1:2,活化时间5h,硫酸浓度30%,活化温度85℃等工艺条件,可以制得活性度高、游离酸含量低的活性白土,对其废水处理能力进行测试,发现这类活性白土对污水中的铅离子具有良好的吸附能力。
采用减压蒸馏对炼油污水进行处理讨论了蒸馏温度、白土投加量对炼油污水COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,活性白土辅助减压蒸馏工艺对炼油厂废水处理效果较好,经过该工艺处理,炼油厂废水COD从1809.5mg/L降到60mg/L,去除率高达97%,可达到工业废水排放标准。
白土负载型光催化剂的制备及应用采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了负载型Gd和Cd共掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化剂,将负其用于炼油厂废水处理取得较好效果,经3次使用仍能保持较高的光催化活性,废水COD去除率约86.4%。
The thesis focus on acid activations process of bleaching-clay, which were collected from ZhiDan, Shaanxi province was investigated. The activiated bleachin-clay was charicaterized. The best activation process was obtained via the optimization experiment. The as prepared activiated-bleaching clay was used to adsorb the Pb~(2+) and treat the wastewater,etc. The as-prepared activated-bleaching clay was also used as the carrier to prepare the Gd, Cd codoped titiana dioxide. The photocatalytica performance of as-synthesized Gd,Cd codoped TiO_2/activiated bleaching clay photocatalyst was investigated. It’s performance on the treatment of the refinery wastewater was explored as well.
Acid activation process of bleaching-clay, which were collected from ZhiDan, Shaanxi province was used as starting material to prepare the high performance activiated bleaching clay. Experimental results showed that the nitric acid activation process is applicable to ZhiDan acid activated bleaching-clay and satisfactory properties of the activated material can be obtained under controlled process parameters. The final activated process showed the best parameters of quality concentration,activation temperature and activation time, was 30%, 85℃, 5h, recpectively. The activated bleaching clay showed good adsorption activity on lead ion of wastewater.
Decompression distillation process was employed to treat the refinery wastewater. The temperature and the dosage of activated-bleaching clay on removal efficiency on COD of refinery wastewater was discussed .The experimental results indicated that the activated-bleaching clay assisted ddecompression distillation process shows better effect on the treatment of refinery-oil wastewater-COD_(Cr) value decreased from 1809.5mg/L to lower than 60mg/L ( the total removal efficiency was beyond 97%). The water quality of the treated wastewater can reach the emission standard of industrial wastewater. Using tetrabutyltitanate, gadolinium nitrate and cadmium nitrate as raw materials, Gd-Cd co-doped nanometer TiO_2 have been successfully synthesized by a sol-gel process, and characterized by XRD, XPS and UV-vis techniques. Rhodamine B was chosen as model pollutant to evaluate photocatalyst’s activity. The XRD analysis result indicated that the as-synthesized samples were all anatase nanometer TiO_2. UV-vis absorption spectrum indicated after Gd-Cd co-doping TiO_2 had strongger absorption in UV region, and had obvious response to visible light. Photocatlytic expenriment results showed when the gadolinium and cadmium doping quantity approximately was 0.2% and 0.3% respctively, nanometer TiO_2 had the better activity.
以志丹白土为原料,利用湿法生产工艺制备高效活性白土。试验确定酸介质为硝酸(HNO_3),控制固液比1:2,活化时间5h,硫酸浓度30%,活化温度85℃等工艺条件,可以制得活性度高、游离酸含量低的活性白土,对其废水处理能力进行测试,发现这类活性白土对污水中的铅离子具有良好的吸附能力。
采用减压蒸馏对炼油污水进行处理讨论了蒸馏温度、白土投加量对炼油污水COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,活性白土辅助减压蒸馏工艺对炼油厂废水处理效果较好,经过该工艺处理,炼油厂废水COD从1809.5mg/L降到60mg/L,去除率高达97%,可达到工业废水排放标准。
白土负载型光催化剂的制备及应用采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了负载型Gd和Cd共掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化剂,将负其用于炼油厂废水处理取得较好效果,经3次使用仍能保持较高的光催化活性,废水COD去除率约86.4%。
The thesis focus on acid activations process of bleaching-clay, which were collected from ZhiDan, Shaanxi province was investigated. The activiated bleachin-clay was charicaterized. The best activation process was obtained via the optimization experiment. The as prepared activiated-bleaching clay was used to adsorb the Pb~(2+) and treat the wastewater,etc. The as-prepared activated-bleaching clay was also used as the carrier to prepare the Gd, Cd codoped titiana dioxide. The photocatalytica performance of as-synthesized Gd,Cd codoped TiO_2/activiated bleaching clay photocatalyst was investigated. It’s performance on the treatment of the refinery wastewater was explored as well.
Acid activation process of bleaching-clay, which were collected from ZhiDan, Shaanxi province was used as starting material to prepare the high performance activiated bleaching clay. Experimental results showed that the nitric acid activation process is applicable to ZhiDan acid activated bleaching-clay and satisfactory properties of the activated material can be obtained under controlled process parameters. The final activated process showed the best parameters of quality concentration,activation temperature and activation time, was 30%, 85℃, 5h, recpectively. The activated bleaching clay showed good adsorption activity on lead ion of wastewater.
Decompression distillation process was employed to treat the refinery wastewater. The temperature and the dosage of activated-bleaching clay on removal efficiency on COD of refinery wastewater was discussed .The experimental results indicated that the activated-bleaching clay assisted ddecompression distillation process shows better effect on the treatment of refinery-oil wastewater-COD_(Cr) value decreased from 1809.5mg/L to lower than 60mg/L ( the total removal efficiency was beyond 97%). The water quality of the treated wastewater can reach the emission standard of industrial wastewater. Using tetrabutyltitanate, gadolinium nitrate and cadmium nitrate as raw materials, Gd-Cd co-doped nanometer TiO_2 have been successfully synthesized by a sol-gel process, and characterized by XRD, XPS and UV-vis techniques. Rhodamine B was chosen as model pollutant to evaluate photocatalyst’s activity. The XRD analysis result indicated that the as-synthesized samples were all anatase nanometer TiO_2. UV-vis absorption spectrum indicated after Gd-Cd co-doping TiO_2 had strongger absorption in UV region, and had obvious response to visible light. Photocatlytic expenriment results showed when the gadolinium and cadmium doping quantity approximately was 0.2% and 0.3% respctively, nanometer TiO_2 had the better activity.
引文
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