巴东新城区库岸岩质滑坡变形研究
|
摘要
三峡工程已于2003年开始蓄水,但是三峡库区的斜坡地质问题仍没有完全解决,该区是滑坡等地质灾害的多发地带,而巴东县新城区是三峡库区地质条件最为复杂的地区之一,巴东组第三段也是三峡库区滑坡发育的主要易滑地层之一。区内发育多个大型滑坡,较为典型的有赵树岭滑坡、红石包滑坡、黄土坡滑坡等多发生在该段,斜坡稳定性问题对人民生命财产安全造成了很大的威胁。因此,对巴东新城区库岸岩质滑坡变形进行研究,具有非常重要的理论价值和社会意义。本文在资料收集和现场调研等工作的基础上,结合巴东新城区的地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造等特点,对区内大型滑坡进行的统计分析,研究该区岩质滑坡变形机制,并选取枣子树坪滑坡进行稳定性评价和数值模拟,分析不同工况下滑坡稳定性情况。论文取得了以下主要成果包括:
(1)通过对资料的收集统计和野外实地踏勘的情况,对巴东新城区的大型滑坡滑体、滑带进行统计分析,研究区内发育在巴东组第三段内的滑坡多发育软弱夹层,软弱夹层内物质多为粘土、粉质粘土,粘土矿物主要由绿泥石、伊利石、高岭石、蒙脱石、石英、长石及方解石组成。
(2)通过结合前人的工作,对该区滑坡进行成因分析和滑带演化过程研究。影响库岸岩质滑坡稳定性的主要因素包括地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、库水位升降、降雨、地震以及人类工程活动。
(3)选取研究区内典型滑坡——枣子树坪滑坡为研究对象,通过极限平衡原理(简布法、Morgenstern-Price法、不平衡推力传递系数法)对其进行不同工况下的稳定性分析,并结合FLAC~(3D)数值模拟方法,分析滑坡的位移情况和应力分布特征。研究结果表明,库水位变化、地震与降雨对滑坡的稳定性影响很大。
The Three Gorges Reservoir has been used for water storage since the year 2003, however, the geological problome of bank slope in Three Gorges Reservoir area is still not completely solved. It is because The Three Gorges Reservoir area is a region prone to geological hazards such as landslides, and especially The new Badong city which is a disitrict with the most complicated geological conditions. The third Member of Triassic Badong Formation is one of the tipical landslide formation zone in The Three Gorges Reservoir area. There exists plenty of large landslides, i.e.the tipical slopes Huangtupo landslide, Zhaoshuling landslide mostly happened there. The slope stablity issue keeps to be the significant problem threating lives and preoperty of local people, therefore the research on Reservoir bank slope deformation stability of new Badong city is with theoretical value and social significance.
In the thesis, with the study of new Badong city topography, lithology, geological structure and other characteristics, statistical analysis of large-scale landslide based on data collection, the field suvey, and other work has been made as for the research of landslide deformation mechanism of rock in the area, a typical slope, a large-scale landslide in date trees has been taken into evaluation and numerical sitmulation to analyze its stability under different conditions. Through the above-mentioned research, the conclusions can be drawn as follows:
(1)According to the statistical analysis of large landslides and deformed bodies in new Badong city via the field suvey, data collection, bank rock slope of the third Member of Triassic Badong Formation in the study region is main consist of Weak interlayer material, mostly clay, silty clay which mainly composed of chlorite, illite, kaolinite, ymontmorillonite, quartz, feldspar and calcite.
(2)Combining with initial efforts of processors, the formation of the landslide are analyzed and the research on the landslide slip zone evolution is carrying out. From the research it includes that main factors influencing slope stability and correspondingly of the reservior rock include Topography, geological structure, Stratum lithology, water level fluctuation, rainfall, earthquakes and ther human project activities, in accordance with landform and geologic formation etc.
(3)Selecting dates landslide in the study area as the research object, its stability is analyzed under different conditions by the limit equilibrium principle (briefing method, Morgenstern-Price method, unbalanced thrust transfer coefficient), and landslide displacement and stress distribution situation combined with FLAC3D numerical simulation are analyzed. The results showed that the reservoir water level change, earthquakes and rainfall of the area have a great effect on the stability of landslides.
(1)通过对资料的收集统计和野外实地踏勘的情况,对巴东新城区的大型滑坡滑体、滑带进行统计分析,研究区内发育在巴东组第三段内的滑坡多发育软弱夹层,软弱夹层内物质多为粘土、粉质粘土,粘土矿物主要由绿泥石、伊利石、高岭石、蒙脱石、石英、长石及方解石组成。
(2)通过结合前人的工作,对该区滑坡进行成因分析和滑带演化过程研究。影响库岸岩质滑坡稳定性的主要因素包括地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、库水位升降、降雨、地震以及人类工程活动。
(3)选取研究区内典型滑坡——枣子树坪滑坡为研究对象,通过极限平衡原理(简布法、Morgenstern-Price法、不平衡推力传递系数法)对其进行不同工况下的稳定性分析,并结合FLAC~(3D)数值模拟方法,分析滑坡的位移情况和应力分布特征。研究结果表明,库水位变化、地震与降雨对滑坡的稳定性影响很大。
The Three Gorges Reservoir has been used for water storage since the year 2003, however, the geological problome of bank slope in Three Gorges Reservoir area is still not completely solved. It is because The Three Gorges Reservoir area is a region prone to geological hazards such as landslides, and especially The new Badong city which is a disitrict with the most complicated geological conditions. The third Member of Triassic Badong Formation is one of the tipical landslide formation zone in The Three Gorges Reservoir area. There exists plenty of large landslides, i.e.the tipical slopes Huangtupo landslide, Zhaoshuling landslide mostly happened there. The slope stablity issue keeps to be the significant problem threating lives and preoperty of local people, therefore the research on Reservoir bank slope deformation stability of new Badong city is with theoretical value and social significance.
In the thesis, with the study of new Badong city topography, lithology, geological structure and other characteristics, statistical analysis of large-scale landslide based on data collection, the field suvey, and other work has been made as for the research of landslide deformation mechanism of rock in the area, a typical slope, a large-scale landslide in date trees has been taken into evaluation and numerical sitmulation to analyze its stability under different conditions. Through the above-mentioned research, the conclusions can be drawn as follows:
(1)According to the statistical analysis of large landslides and deformed bodies in new Badong city via the field suvey, data collection, bank rock slope of the third Member of Triassic Badong Formation in the study region is main consist of Weak interlayer material, mostly clay, silty clay which mainly composed of chlorite, illite, kaolinite, ymontmorillonite, quartz, feldspar and calcite.
(2)Combining with initial efforts of processors, the formation of the landslide are analyzed and the research on the landslide slip zone evolution is carrying out. From the research it includes that main factors influencing slope stability and correspondingly of the reservior rock include Topography, geological structure, Stratum lithology, water level fluctuation, rainfall, earthquakes and ther human project activities, in accordance with landform and geologic formation etc.
(3)Selecting dates landslide in the study area as the research object, its stability is analyzed under different conditions by the limit equilibrium principle (briefing method, Morgenstern-Price method, unbalanced thrust transfer coefficient), and landslide displacement and stress distribution situation combined with FLAC3D numerical simulation are analyzed. The results showed that the reservoir water level change, earthquakes and rainfall of the area have a great effect on the stability of landslides.
引文
[1]黄润秋,许强.工程地质广义系统科学分析原理及应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1997年.
[2]孙广忠,徐卫亚.论地质结构控灾[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(4):9-13.
[3] F. Dramis and M. Sorriso-Valvo. Deep-seated gravitational slope deformations, related landslides and tectonics. Engineering Geology,1994,38(3-4):231-243.
[4] M. Parise, M.Sorriso-Valvo, C.Tansi. Mass movements related to tectonics in the Aspromonte massif (southern Italy).Engineering Geology (1997) 47:89-106.
[5] F. Agliardi, G. Crosta, A. Zanchi. Structural constraints on deep-seated slope deformation kinematics. Engineering Geology 59 (2001) :83-102.
[6]殷坤龙.瑞士滑坡及其研究概况[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(4):104-107.
[7]王思敬.坝基岩体工程地质力学分析[M].北京:科学出版社.1990.
[8]胡厚田,唐永富.层间错动与顺层滑坡的关系.《滑坡文集》第三集,人民铁道出版社,l982,16-24.
[9]钟立勋.意大利瓦依昂水库滑坡事件的启示[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(2):77-84.
[10] L.Muller-Salzburg. The Vajont Slide.Engineering Geology, 24(1987):513-523.
[11] E.Nonveiler. The Vajont Reservoir Slope Failure. Engineering Geology, 24(1987):493-512.
[12]陈永波,王成华,樊晓一.湖北省千将坪大型滑坡特征及成因分析[J].山地学报,2003,21(5):633-634.
[13]肖拥军,殷坤龙,黄学斌,徐开祥.巴东新城白土坡深层岩体软弱夹层地质特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,34(6):72-75.
[14]殷跃平.长江三峡库区移民迁建新址重大地质灾害及防治研究[M],北京:地质出版社,2004.
[15]刘传正.长江三峡复杂斜坡成因问题[J].水文地质工程地质,2005,(1):1-6.
[16]晏同珍,杨顺安,方云.滑坡学[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2000.
[17]王治华.三峡水库区城镇滑坡分布及发育规律[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(1):33-38.
[18]张加桂.三峡库区巫山县新城址巴东组三段形成的大型复杂滑坡特征及成因机制[J].地球学报,2001,22(2):145-148.
[19]许向宁.三峡库区奉节县地质灾害发育特征及防治[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(1):36-39.
[20]邓清禄,斜坡变形构造—巴东新县城斜坡剖析[M],武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2000.
[21]唐辉明,马淑芝,刘佑荣,贾洪彪.三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):621-625.
[22]刘特洪,吴玉华,袁登维,马敢林.长江三峡库区巴东红石包滑坡深层潜在滑移软弱带的研究[J].湖北地矿,2002,16(4):105-111.
[23]赵克全,张丁山,牟方敏.巴东油库区红石包滑坡地质特征与整治[J].资源环境与工程,2004,18(3): 45-49.
[24]崔政权.长江三峡工程库区主要环境地质问题.中国减轻自然灾害研究(文集).北京:中国科学技术出版社,1998.
[25]刘传正.长江上游川峡二江续接地段岸坡演变过程探讨[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(1):50- 54.
[26]邓清禄,王学平.斜坡深层岩石蠕变与黄土坡滑坡[J].长春科技大学学报.1999,29(1):60-63.
[27]刘传正,刘艳辉,连建发.长江三峡巴东复杂斜坡系统成因研究[J].地质论评,2006,52(4):510-521.
[28]陈松,陈国金,徐光黎.黄土坡滑坡形成与变形的地质过程机制[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2008,33(3):411-415.
[29]汪斌,朱杰兵,唐辉明,项伟.黄土坡滑坡滑带土的蠕变特性研究[J].长江科学院院报, 2008,25(1):49-52.
[30]贾淑霞.湖北省三峡库区滑坡勘查评价几个问题的商榷[J].湖北地矿,2002,16(4):44-46.
[31]李晓,李守定,陈剑,廖秋林.地质灾害形成的内外动力耦合作用机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1792-1806.
[32]李守定,李晓,吴疆,刘艳辉.大型基岩顺层滑坡滑带形成演化过程与模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2473-2480.
[33]长办长江水利水电科学院土工室.构造剪切对软弱夹层抗剪强度的影响[J].人民长江,1981,(1):75-79.
[34]俞培基,秦蔚琴,王宏.山体岩石泥化夹层的动力抗剪强度[J].水力发电学报,1993,(1):64-70.
[35]薛守义,王思敬.小浪底工程中原状泥化夹层的动三轴试验[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(2):89-94.
[36]彭正华,杨世松,周霞,郑俊杰.临江崩滑堆积体岩土接触面抗剪强度分析[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版).2006,23(增刊1):43-45.
[37]赵克全,张丁山,牟方敏.巴东油库区红石包滑坡地质特征与整治[J].资源环境与工程,2004,18(3): 45-49.
[38]刘特洪,吴玉华,袁登维,马敢林.长江三峡库区巴东红石包滑坡深层潜在滑移软弱带的研究[J].湖北地矿,2002,16(4):105-111.
[39]汪斌,朱杰兵,唐辉明,项伟.黄土坡滑坡滑带土的蠕变特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(1):49-52.
[40]陈松,陈国金,徐光黎.黄土坡滑坡形成与变形的地质过程机制[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2008,33(3):411-415.
[41]陈松,徐光黎,陈国金,吴雪婷.三峡库区黄土坡滑坡滑带工程地质特征研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3048-3052.
[42]陶宏亮,陈国金,陈松,李先福.巴东赵树岭滑坡特征与稳定性评价[J].武汉工程大学学报,2008,30(2):62-64.
[43]唐辉明,马淑芝,刘佑荣,贾洪彪.三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):621-625.
[44]李江风,刘裕,张双喜.三峡库区巴东县新城址赵树岭滑坡结构特征及稳定性评价[J].地质力学学报, 1996,2(3):81-82.
[45]聂文波,张利洁,唐辉明,晏鄂川.三峡工程库区谭家坪滑坡系统工程地质研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(5):392-396.
[46]王小毛.三峡库区巴东县谭家坪滑坡防治工程施工安全技术措施[J].资源环境与工程,2007, 21(3):259-260.
[47]祝文化,田金华,池秀文,夏元友.IDL支持下的滑坡可视化方法研究.武汉理工大学学报,2004, 26(8):55-61.
[48]王学武,冯学钢,王维早.库水位升降作用对库岸滑坡稳定性的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):232-234.
[49]王学武.三峡库区水位升降作用对库岸边坡影响研究[D].成都:成都理工大学硕士论文,2005.
[50]连志鹏.巴东县新城区库岸斜坡稳定性研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[51]莫伟伟,徐平,丁秀丽.库水位涨落对滑坡稳定性影响研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(6): 997-1002.
[52]熊光赤,阮永芬,杨静.降雨与边坡稳定之间的相关性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,(12):1017～1020.
[53]刘祖典,党发宁.强度指标对滑坡稳定性的影响[J].岩土工程技术,2002,(3):140～143.
[54]黄润秋,戚国庆.滑坡基质吸力观测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(2):216-219.
[55]苏爱军.滑坡稳定性评价原理与方法—条分法的改进[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2007.
[56]郑颖人,陈祖煜,王恭先,凌天清,边坡与工程治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.
[57]李远耀.三峡库首区顺层基岩岸坡变形机制与稳定性研究[D].中国地质大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[58]柴波,巴东新城区库岸斜坡岩体结构系统研究[D].中国地质大学博士学位论文,2008.
[59]赵明阶,冯忠居.土质学与土力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2007.
[60]田金华,滑坡可视化技术研究—滑坡体地面和滑动面3-D可视化模型[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2004.
[61]王少飞.重庆奉节大坪滑坡稳定性分析及评价[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[62]朱永莉.四川美姑县城南滑坡稳定性及防治方案研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[2]孙广忠,徐卫亚.论地质结构控灾[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(4):9-13.
[3] F. Dramis and M. Sorriso-Valvo. Deep-seated gravitational slope deformations, related landslides and tectonics. Engineering Geology,1994,38(3-4):231-243.
[4] M. Parise, M.Sorriso-Valvo, C.Tansi. Mass movements related to tectonics in the Aspromonte massif (southern Italy).Engineering Geology (1997) 47:89-106.
[5] F. Agliardi, G. Crosta, A. Zanchi. Structural constraints on deep-seated slope deformation kinematics. Engineering Geology 59 (2001) :83-102.
[6]殷坤龙.瑞士滑坡及其研究概况[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(4):104-107.
[7]王思敬.坝基岩体工程地质力学分析[M].北京:科学出版社.1990.
[8]胡厚田,唐永富.层间错动与顺层滑坡的关系.《滑坡文集》第三集,人民铁道出版社,l982,16-24.
[9]钟立勋.意大利瓦依昂水库滑坡事件的启示[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(2):77-84.
[10] L.Muller-Salzburg. The Vajont Slide.Engineering Geology, 24(1987):513-523.
[11] E.Nonveiler. The Vajont Reservoir Slope Failure. Engineering Geology, 24(1987):493-512.
[12]陈永波,王成华,樊晓一.湖北省千将坪大型滑坡特征及成因分析[J].山地学报,2003,21(5):633-634.
[13]肖拥军,殷坤龙,黄学斌,徐开祥.巴东新城白土坡深层岩体软弱夹层地质特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,34(6):72-75.
[14]殷跃平.长江三峡库区移民迁建新址重大地质灾害及防治研究[M],北京:地质出版社,2004.
[15]刘传正.长江三峡复杂斜坡成因问题[J].水文地质工程地质,2005,(1):1-6.
[16]晏同珍,杨顺安,方云.滑坡学[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2000.
[17]王治华.三峡水库区城镇滑坡分布及发育规律[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(1):33-38.
[18]张加桂.三峡库区巫山县新城址巴东组三段形成的大型复杂滑坡特征及成因机制[J].地球学报,2001,22(2):145-148.
[19]许向宁.三峡库区奉节县地质灾害发育特征及防治[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(1):36-39.
[20]邓清禄,斜坡变形构造—巴东新县城斜坡剖析[M],武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2000.
[21]唐辉明,马淑芝,刘佑荣,贾洪彪.三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):621-625.
[22]刘特洪,吴玉华,袁登维,马敢林.长江三峡库区巴东红石包滑坡深层潜在滑移软弱带的研究[J].湖北地矿,2002,16(4):105-111.
[23]赵克全,张丁山,牟方敏.巴东油库区红石包滑坡地质特征与整治[J].资源环境与工程,2004,18(3): 45-49.
[24]崔政权.长江三峡工程库区主要环境地质问题.中国减轻自然灾害研究(文集).北京:中国科学技术出版社,1998.
[25]刘传正.长江上游川峡二江续接地段岸坡演变过程探讨[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(1):50- 54.
[26]邓清禄,王学平.斜坡深层岩石蠕变与黄土坡滑坡[J].长春科技大学学报.1999,29(1):60-63.
[27]刘传正,刘艳辉,连建发.长江三峡巴东复杂斜坡系统成因研究[J].地质论评,2006,52(4):510-521.
[28]陈松,陈国金,徐光黎.黄土坡滑坡形成与变形的地质过程机制[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2008,33(3):411-415.
[29]汪斌,朱杰兵,唐辉明,项伟.黄土坡滑坡滑带土的蠕变特性研究[J].长江科学院院报, 2008,25(1):49-52.
[30]贾淑霞.湖北省三峡库区滑坡勘查评价几个问题的商榷[J].湖北地矿,2002,16(4):44-46.
[31]李晓,李守定,陈剑,廖秋林.地质灾害形成的内外动力耦合作用机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1792-1806.
[32]李守定,李晓,吴疆,刘艳辉.大型基岩顺层滑坡滑带形成演化过程与模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2473-2480.
[33]长办长江水利水电科学院土工室.构造剪切对软弱夹层抗剪强度的影响[J].人民长江,1981,(1):75-79.
[34]俞培基,秦蔚琴,王宏.山体岩石泥化夹层的动力抗剪强度[J].水力发电学报,1993,(1):64-70.
[35]薛守义,王思敬.小浪底工程中原状泥化夹层的动三轴试验[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(2):89-94.
[36]彭正华,杨世松,周霞,郑俊杰.临江崩滑堆积体岩土接触面抗剪强度分析[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版).2006,23(增刊1):43-45.
[37]赵克全,张丁山,牟方敏.巴东油库区红石包滑坡地质特征与整治[J].资源环境与工程,2004,18(3): 45-49.
[38]刘特洪,吴玉华,袁登维,马敢林.长江三峡库区巴东红石包滑坡深层潜在滑移软弱带的研究[J].湖北地矿,2002,16(4):105-111.
[39]汪斌,朱杰兵,唐辉明,项伟.黄土坡滑坡滑带土的蠕变特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(1):49-52.
[40]陈松,陈国金,徐光黎.黄土坡滑坡形成与变形的地质过程机制[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2008,33(3):411-415.
[41]陈松,徐光黎,陈国金,吴雪婷.三峡库区黄土坡滑坡滑带工程地质特征研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3048-3052.
[42]陶宏亮,陈国金,陈松,李先福.巴东赵树岭滑坡特征与稳定性评价[J].武汉工程大学学报,2008,30(2):62-64.
[43]唐辉明,马淑芝,刘佑荣,贾洪彪.三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):621-625.
[44]李江风,刘裕,张双喜.三峡库区巴东县新城址赵树岭滑坡结构特征及稳定性评价[J].地质力学学报, 1996,2(3):81-82.
[45]聂文波,张利洁,唐辉明,晏鄂川.三峡工程库区谭家坪滑坡系统工程地质研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(5):392-396.
[46]王小毛.三峡库区巴东县谭家坪滑坡防治工程施工安全技术措施[J].资源环境与工程,2007, 21(3):259-260.
[47]祝文化,田金华,池秀文,夏元友.IDL支持下的滑坡可视化方法研究.武汉理工大学学报,2004, 26(8):55-61.
[48]王学武,冯学钢,王维早.库水位升降作用对库岸滑坡稳定性的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):232-234.
[49]王学武.三峡库区水位升降作用对库岸边坡影响研究[D].成都:成都理工大学硕士论文,2005.
[50]连志鹏.巴东县新城区库岸斜坡稳定性研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[51]莫伟伟,徐平,丁秀丽.库水位涨落对滑坡稳定性影响研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(6): 997-1002.
[52]熊光赤,阮永芬,杨静.降雨与边坡稳定之间的相关性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,(12):1017～1020.
[53]刘祖典,党发宁.强度指标对滑坡稳定性的影响[J].岩土工程技术,2002,(3):140～143.
[54]黄润秋,戚国庆.滑坡基质吸力观测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(2):216-219.
[55]苏爱军.滑坡稳定性评价原理与方法—条分法的改进[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2007.
[56]郑颖人,陈祖煜,王恭先,凌天清,边坡与工程治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.
[57]李远耀.三峡库首区顺层基岩岸坡变形机制与稳定性研究[D].中国地质大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[58]柴波,巴东新城区库岸斜坡岩体结构系统研究[D].中国地质大学博士学位论文,2008.
[59]赵明阶,冯忠居.土质学与土力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2007.
[60]田金华,滑坡可视化技术研究—滑坡体地面和滑动面3-D可视化模型[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2004.
[61]王少飞.重庆奉节大坪滑坡稳定性分析及评价[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[62]朱永莉.四川美姑县城南滑坡稳定性及防治方案研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.