有源电力滤波器在配网中的关键技术实用化研究
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摘要
当前节能减排受到广泛的关注,在消除谐波方面有着显著性能的有滤电力滤波器得到了更多的重视,以全数字化控制技术实现的有源电力滤波器必将成为电力电子技术中新的研究热点,当前国内市场盼望着拥有核心技术和合理价格的实际产品。
由于前期工作已经在负载电流很小的情形进行了研究,本文从电力系统谐波研究的实际问题出发,以并联电压型有源电力滤波器的关键技术为研究对象,系统地分析了并联电压型有源电力滤波器的系统结构、补偿策略、谐波电流检测方法、补偿电流控制策略、直流侧电压控制、主电路的设计等问题。特别是对双环软启动控制策略的工作过程进行研究和分析,提示出有源电力滤波器各参数之间的相互关联和制约关系。同时模拟程序执行的实际情形,对有源电力滤波器进行了建模和仿真,并对各主要模块的具体模型进行了验证,仿真结果证实了本文设计的有源电力滤波器的正确性和谐波补偿的实时性,并且通过仿真修正了装置的必需参数。
本文以与开平市莱福电气设备有限公司合作科研项目“有源电力滤波器装置的研究”为背景,以双CPU控制为核心设计制作了一套应用于低压配网380V,容量为100kVA的并联电压型有源电力滤波器装置。对于实际应用的主电路,说明了变流器的选取和保护,推导了连接电感值和直流侧电容的取值;优化了控制器中的采样电路板和控制电路板的;而有源电力滤波器外围的实用控制电路更从具体操作上进行了图文说明。另外,对于负载侧和补偿侧所选用的互感器不同变比所引起对双环控制,特别是对电流闭环的影响进行了比较说明,还有介绍了构造较大电流的负载而利于进行实验。
通过在此有源电力滤波器装置上所作的大量实验,取得了一些满意的结果和关键技术实际应用的对策,有助于指导应用于低压配网的并联有源电力滤波器的实际研发和生产。
Today energy-saving and ejection-decreasing has obtained more attention, and APF (Active Power Filter) has been widely attached importance to its excellent ability of eliminating current harmonics. The full digital controlled APF will become a new research focus in the power electronics field. Domestic market is thirsting for the practical products which have core technique and reasonable price.
As the preliminary work has been supported in the small current situation research, this paper has studied the fact problem of the harmonic in power system. The key techniques of shunt voltage-type APF has been analyzed in this paper, in terms of the working principle, the compensation strategy, the harmonic current detection approaches, the current compensation control, the design of main circuit and the DC-link voltage control. Especially the dual-loop soft-startup control strategy is studied and analyzed to reveal the main parameters of APF. The implementation of the major models is also justified, the results of the simulation have proved that the designed APF is accurate and applicability. Through the simulation, parameters of device needed in the paper is modified.
The paper is based on the research project "Application of Active Power Filter"of Kaiping City Laifu electrical equipment.Co.Ltd. In low voltage distribution Network, A 380V lOOkVA shunt voltage-type APF experiment prototype using dual-CPU is implemented. The practical application of the main circuit in the converter selection and protection, the range value of link-inductance and DC capacitor was derived; sampling circuit board and control circuit board of the controller has been optimized; the APF for the practical control of the external circuit from a specific operation by note. In addition, the load side and the compensation side current transformer different ratio change cause the dual-loop control, in particular, the current closed-loop effects were compared. Also, there are introduced to the large current of the load structure.
Many experiments are done on the experimentale quipment of APF and satisfactory result is drawn. The key techniques for APF in the practical application issues, which contribute to actual research development and production.
由于前期工作已经在负载电流很小的情形进行了研究,本文从电力系统谐波研究的实际问题出发,以并联电压型有源电力滤波器的关键技术为研究对象,系统地分析了并联电压型有源电力滤波器的系统结构、补偿策略、谐波电流检测方法、补偿电流控制策略、直流侧电压控制、主电路的设计等问题。特别是对双环软启动控制策略的工作过程进行研究和分析,提示出有源电力滤波器各参数之间的相互关联和制约关系。同时模拟程序执行的实际情形,对有源电力滤波器进行了建模和仿真,并对各主要模块的具体模型进行了验证,仿真结果证实了本文设计的有源电力滤波器的正确性和谐波补偿的实时性,并且通过仿真修正了装置的必需参数。
本文以与开平市莱福电气设备有限公司合作科研项目“有源电力滤波器装置的研究”为背景,以双CPU控制为核心设计制作了一套应用于低压配网380V,容量为100kVA的并联电压型有源电力滤波器装置。对于实际应用的主电路,说明了变流器的选取和保护,推导了连接电感值和直流侧电容的取值;优化了控制器中的采样电路板和控制电路板的;而有源电力滤波器外围的实用控制电路更从具体操作上进行了图文说明。另外,对于负载侧和补偿侧所选用的互感器不同变比所引起对双环控制,特别是对电流闭环的影响进行了比较说明,还有介绍了构造较大电流的负载而利于进行实验。
通过在此有源电力滤波器装置上所作的大量实验,取得了一些满意的结果和关键技术实际应用的对策,有助于指导应用于低压配网的并联有源电力滤波器的实际研发和生产。
Today energy-saving and ejection-decreasing has obtained more attention, and APF (Active Power Filter) has been widely attached importance to its excellent ability of eliminating current harmonics. The full digital controlled APF will become a new research focus in the power electronics field. Domestic market is thirsting for the practical products which have core technique and reasonable price.
As the preliminary work has been supported in the small current situation research, this paper has studied the fact problem of the harmonic in power system. The key techniques of shunt voltage-type APF has been analyzed in this paper, in terms of the working principle, the compensation strategy, the harmonic current detection approaches, the current compensation control, the design of main circuit and the DC-link voltage control. Especially the dual-loop soft-startup control strategy is studied and analyzed to reveal the main parameters of APF. The implementation of the major models is also justified, the results of the simulation have proved that the designed APF is accurate and applicability. Through the simulation, parameters of device needed in the paper is modified.
The paper is based on the research project "Application of Active Power Filter"of Kaiping City Laifu electrical equipment.Co.Ltd. In low voltage distribution Network, A 380V lOOkVA shunt voltage-type APF experiment prototype using dual-CPU is implemented. The practical application of the main circuit in the converter selection and protection, the range value of link-inductance and DC capacitor was derived; sampling circuit board and control circuit board of the controller has been optimized; the APF for the practical control of the external circuit from a specific operation by note. In addition, the load side and the compensation side current transformer different ratio change cause the dual-loop control, in particular, the current closed-loop effects were compared. Also, there are introduced to the large current of the load structure.
Many experiments are done on the experimentale quipment of APF and satisfactory result is drawn. The key techniques for APF in the practical application issues, which contribute to actual research development and production.
引文
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[9]李圣清,朱英浩,周有庆,等.电网谐波检测方法的综述.高电压技术,2004,30(3):39-42
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[11]张伏生,程学报,耿中行,等.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):63-66
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[24]彭晓涛,程时杰,宁联辉.差拍控制在有源电力滤波器中的应用.继电器,2004,32(8):40-45
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[26]童梅.一种混合型电力滤波器的变结构控制.电工技术学报,2002,17(1):59-63
[27]习伟,殷波,赵子岩,等.三相四线制电力有源滤波器的滑模变结构控制.电网技术,2004,28(5):18-21
[28]万蕴杰,周林,张海,等.基于数字信号处理器的有源电力滤波器控制策略综述.电网技术,2005,29(15):51-55
[29]周林,沈小莉,周雒维,等.单周控制在APF中的应用.电力电子技术,2004,38(4):11-13
[30]陈宇,王碧芳,刘会金.基于模糊控制的有源电力滤波器控制方法.继电器,2005,33(6):40-45
[31]童梅,通杰,蒋静坪.有源滤波器的神经网络控制.电工技术学报,2000,15(1):57-60
[32]查晓明,孙建军,陈允平.并联型APF的重复学Boost变换控制策略.电工技术学报,2005,20(2):56-62
[33]张淼,吴捷.基于灰色预测的APF预测控制技术.华南理工大学学报,2005,33(7):74-77
[34]钟庆,吴捷,杨金明.无源性控制在有源电力滤波器中的应用.控制理论与应用,2003,20(5):713-718
[35]贾红芳,高学军,程翔.一种改进的电流控制方法在有源电力滤波器中的应用.高压电器,2006,42(1):70-72
[36]马晓军,等.单相并联型有源滤波器的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).1997,37(7):39-43
[37]丁凯,陈允平,王晓峰,等.并联型有源电力滤波器直流侧电压的相关问题探讨.电工技术杂志.2002.10
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[41]孙稚,孙梅生,王磊.大功率IGBT驱动模块2SD315A的特性及其应用.2002.6
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[2]吴竞昌,孙树勤,宋文南,等.电力系统谐波.北京:水利电力出版社.1988.
[3]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制利无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1998.
[4]王兆安.电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展.电力电子技术,1997(1):100-104.
[5]Thomas S.Key,Jih-Shen Lai,"IEEE and international standards impact on power electronic equipment design," Proc.Of IECON"98:430-436
[6]中国国家标准GB/T14549-93,电能质量公用电网谐波[S]
[7]Bhim Singh,Kamal Al-Haddad,Ambrish Chandra.A review of active filters for power quality improvement.IEEE Trans.on I.E.,1999,46(5):1-12
[8]Hongyu Li;Fang Zhuo;Zhaoan Wang;Lei Wu.A novel time-domain current-detection algorithm for shunt active power filters[J].Power Systems,IEEE Transactions on Volume 20,Issue 2,May 2005 Page(s):644-651
[9]李圣清,朱英浩,周有庆,等.电网谐波检测方法的综述.高电压技术,2004,30(3):39-42
[10]薛蕙,杨仁刚.改进的瞬时无功和谐波电流检测理论.电力系统及其自动化学报,2002,14(2):8-11
[11]张伏生,程学报,耿中行,等.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):63-66
[12]Depenbrock M.The FBD-method,a generally application tool for analyzing power relations.IEEE Transactions on Power System,1993,8(2):381-387
[13]S.G.Luo,Z.C.Hou.An adaptive detecting method for harmonic and reactive currents.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1995,42(1):85-89
[14]危韧勇,李志勇.基于人工神经元网络的电力系统谐波测量方法.电网技术,1999,23(12):20-29
[15]李波,张林利,王广柱,等.用于APF的神经网络自适应谐波电流检测方法.电力自动化设备,2004,24(5):38-40
[16]Qun Wang,Ning wu,Zhaoan Wang,A neuron adaptive detecting approach of harmonic current for APF and its realization of analog circuit,IEEE Transactions,1990,50(1):77-84
[17]Malesani L,Tenti P,A novel hysteresis control method for current controlled voltage source PWM inverters with constant modulation frequency,IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1990,26(1):88-92
[18]David M Brod,Donald W Novotny,Current control of VSI-PWM inverters,IEEE Trans.on IA,1985,21(4):562-570
[19]Vander Broeck H W,Skudelny H C,Stanke G,Analysis and realization of a pulse width modulator based on voltage space vectors,IEEE Trans.Ind.,1986:244-251
[20]曾江,刁勤华,倪以信,等.基于最优电压欠量的有源滤波器电流控制新方法.电力系统自动化,2000,24(6):25-31
[21]Marian P Kazmier-kow ski,Maciej A Dzieni-akow ski,Waldemar Sulkow ski,Novel space vector cont roller for PWM inverters,IEEE Trans.on PE,1991,6(1):158-166
[22]Kawamura A,Haneyoshi T,Hoft R G,Deadbeat controlled PWM inverter with parameter estimation using only voltage sensor,IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1988,3(3)
[23]李玉梅,马伟明.无差拍控制器在串联电力滤波器中的应用.电力系统自动化,2001,25(8):28-31
[24]彭晓涛,程时杰,宁联辉.差拍控制在有源电力滤波器中的应用.继电器,2004,32(8):40-45
[25]Decarlo R A,Zak S H,Matthews G D,Variable structure control of nonlinear multivariable systems,Tutorial.Proceeding of the IEEE,1998,76(3):212-232
[26]童梅.一种混合型电力滤波器的变结构控制.电工技术学报,2002,17(1):59-63
[27]习伟,殷波,赵子岩,等.三相四线制电力有源滤波器的滑模变结构控制.电网技术,2004,28(5):18-21
[28]万蕴杰,周林,张海,等.基于数字信号处理器的有源电力滤波器控制策略综述.电网技术,2005,29(15):51-55
[29]周林,沈小莉,周雒维,等.单周控制在APF中的应用.电力电子技术,2004,38(4):11-13
[30]陈宇,王碧芳,刘会金.基于模糊控制的有源电力滤波器控制方法.继电器,2005,33(6):40-45
[31]童梅,通杰,蒋静坪.有源滤波器的神经网络控制.电工技术学报,2000,15(1):57-60
[32]查晓明,孙建军,陈允平.并联型APF的重复学Boost变换控制策略.电工技术学报,2005,20(2):56-62
[33]张淼,吴捷.基于灰色预测的APF预测控制技术.华南理工大学学报,2005,33(7):74-77
[34]钟庆,吴捷,杨金明.无源性控制在有源电力滤波器中的应用.控制理论与应用,2003,20(5):713-718
[35]贾红芳,高学军,程翔.一种改进的电流控制方法在有源电力滤波器中的应用.高压电器,2006,42(1):70-72
[36]马晓军,等.单相并联型有源滤波器的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).1997,37(7):39-43
[37]丁凯,陈允平,王晓峰,等.并联型有源电力滤波器直流侧电压的相关问题探讨.电工技术杂志.2002.10
[38]杨君,王兆安,邱关源.并联型电力有源滤波器直流侧电压的控制.电力电子技术.1996.4
[39]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社.2002.4:28-29
[40]鄂飞.电压外置渐变式控制策略在有源电力滤波器中的应用研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2006
[41]孙稚,孙梅生,王磊.大功率IGBT驱动模块2SD315A的特性及其应用.2002.6
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