地下工程预应力锚索施工技术研究
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摘要
随着我国城市化建设的高速发展,地上空间的交通成为越来越严重的问题,这样就使得人类交通不得不向地下空间发展。因此地下工程的加固就成为了需要面对的首要问题。预应力锚索作为近代岩土工程加固的一个重要方法,在我国已有几十年的发展历史,但是把预应力锚索运用到隧道和地下工程中还是一个新颖的研究项目。
首先在对地下工程的发展现状和预应力锚索类型、受力特性调查总结的基础上,提出了在地下工程中使用预应力锚索。预应力锚索可以提高地下工程的抗变形能力。然后针对预应力锚索工程特性和地下工程施工特点,本文着重研究了隧道的施工特点,较系统的提出了隧道成品预应力锚索的施工技术。同时研究了成品预应力锚索应用可行性,提出了隧道成品预应力锚索的制作方法和施工工艺,总结了成品预应力锚索的腐蚀防护方法。分析了锚索失效的成因和地下工程预应力锚索性能的影响因素,提出了计算锚索锚固段长度的公式,并以此为切入点推导出注浆体与围岩界面剪应力的分布情况,研究了锚索锚固段长度的对锚固效果的影响。运用弹性理论并结合锚索自由段埋设深度的计算公式,对原有的公式进行了简化,研究了锚索自由段埋设深度对锚固效果的影响。在总结边坡锚固角度计算方法的基础上,提出了适用于地下工程的锚固角度的计算方法,并且用该方法解决了锚索锚固角度对锚固效果的影响。最后在借鉴边坡预应力锚索试验、监测的基础上总结了地下工程锚索的试验和监测方法。着重研究了地下工程锚索基本试验、验收试验的抽检频率和监测的特殊方法。
With the development of urbanization construction's high speed in our country,the ground space's transportation becomes more and more serious issue. Like thiscauses the human transportation have not to explore the derground space's develo-pment, therefore, understructure work's reinforcement has become the most impor-tant question which needs to face. The prestressed cable takes the modern groun-d project reinforcement a main method, had several dozens years historical deve-lopment in our country, but utilizes the prestressed cable in the understructure work is a new research project.
First to understructure work's development of present situation and the pre-stressed anchor cable type, the stress characteristic investigation summarizes in the foundation, proposed uses the pre-stressed anchor cable in the understructure wo-rk. Pre-stressed anchor cable may very big enhance the understructure work anti-distortion ability. Then in view of the pre-stressed anchor cable project characteristic and the understructure work construction characteristic, this article has studied tunnel's construction characteristic emphatically, systematic proposed the tunnel end product pre-stressed anchor cable's construction technique. Simultaneously hasstudied the finished product pre-stressed anchor cable application feasibility, pros-ed the tunnel finished product pre-stressed anchor cable's manufacture method and the construction craft, and summarized the finished product pre-stressed anchor cable's corrosion protection method. This article has analyzed the origin which and the understructure work pre-stressed anchor cable performance influencing f-actor the anchor cable expires. Proposed the computation anchor cable anchor s-egment size's formula, and infers the note hydromass and the adjacent formation contact surface shearing stress distributed situation take this as the breakthrough point, has studied the anchor cable anchor segment size to the anchor effect influence. And unifies anchor cable free area laying depth using the theory of elast-icity the depth the formula, has carried on the simplification to the original empirical formula, has studied anchor cable free free area laying the depth the anchor effect influence. In the summary side slope anchor angle computation me-thod's foundation, proposed is suitable in the understructure work anchor angle compu-tational method, and has solved the anchor cable anchor angle with this method to the anchor effect influence. Finally in profited from the side slope pr-estressed anchor cable experiment and monitor foundation to summarize the unders-tructure work anchor cable's experiment and the monitoring method. Emphasize has studied the understructure frequency and monitoring special method.
首先在对地下工程的发展现状和预应力锚索类型、受力特性调查总结的基础上,提出了在地下工程中使用预应力锚索。预应力锚索可以提高地下工程的抗变形能力。然后针对预应力锚索工程特性和地下工程施工特点,本文着重研究了隧道的施工特点,较系统的提出了隧道成品预应力锚索的施工技术。同时研究了成品预应力锚索应用可行性,提出了隧道成品预应力锚索的制作方法和施工工艺,总结了成品预应力锚索的腐蚀防护方法。分析了锚索失效的成因和地下工程预应力锚索性能的影响因素,提出了计算锚索锚固段长度的公式,并以此为切入点推导出注浆体与围岩界面剪应力的分布情况,研究了锚索锚固段长度的对锚固效果的影响。运用弹性理论并结合锚索自由段埋设深度的计算公式,对原有的公式进行了简化,研究了锚索自由段埋设深度对锚固效果的影响。在总结边坡锚固角度计算方法的基础上,提出了适用于地下工程的锚固角度的计算方法,并且用该方法解决了锚索锚固角度对锚固效果的影响。最后在借鉴边坡预应力锚索试验、监测的基础上总结了地下工程锚索的试验和监测方法。着重研究了地下工程锚索基本试验、验收试验的抽检频率和监测的特殊方法。
With the development of urbanization construction's high speed in our country,the ground space's transportation becomes more and more serious issue. Like thiscauses the human transportation have not to explore the derground space's develo-pment, therefore, understructure work's reinforcement has become the most impor-tant question which needs to face. The prestressed cable takes the modern groun-d project reinforcement a main method, had several dozens years historical deve-lopment in our country, but utilizes the prestressed cable in the understructure work is a new research project.
First to understructure work's development of present situation and the pre-stressed anchor cable type, the stress characteristic investigation summarizes in the foundation, proposed uses the pre-stressed anchor cable in the understructure wo-rk. Pre-stressed anchor cable may very big enhance the understructure work anti-distortion ability. Then in view of the pre-stressed anchor cable project characteristic and the understructure work construction characteristic, this article has studied tunnel's construction characteristic emphatically, systematic proposed the tunnel end product pre-stressed anchor cable's construction technique. Simultaneously hasstudied the finished product pre-stressed anchor cable application feasibility, pros-ed the tunnel finished product pre-stressed anchor cable's manufacture method and the construction craft, and summarized the finished product pre-stressed anchor cable's corrosion protection method. This article has analyzed the origin which and the understructure work pre-stressed anchor cable performance influencing f-actor the anchor cable expires. Proposed the computation anchor cable anchor s-egment size's formula, and infers the note hydromass and the adjacent formation contact surface shearing stress distributed situation take this as the breakthrough point, has studied the anchor cable anchor segment size to the anchor effect influence. And unifies anchor cable free area laying depth using the theory of elast-icity the depth the formula, has carried on the simplification to the original empirical formula, has studied anchor cable free free area laying the depth the anchor effect influence. In the summary side slope anchor angle computation me-thod's foundation, proposed is suitable in the understructure work anchor angle compu-tational method, and has solved the anchor cable anchor angle with this method to the anchor effect influence. Finally in profited from the side slope pr-estressed anchor cable experiment and monitor foundation to summarize the unders-tructure work anchor cable's experiment and the monitoring method. Emphasize has studied the understructure frequency and monitoring special method.
引文
[1]闫莫明,徐祯祥,苏自约.岩土锚固技术手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2004
[2]程良奎,李象范.岩土锚固·土钉·喷射混凝土——原理、设计与应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2008
[3]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,许建平.岩土锚固[M]北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2003
[4]中国工程建设标准化协会标准.《岩土锚杆(索)技术规程》(CECS 22:2005)2007,3
[5]刘玉堂,白彦光,庞有超,徐国兴.永久型锚索的防护及选用[J].全国岩土锚固学术研讨会,2008
[6]余万超,韩道均,唐树名.预应力锚索腐蚀原理与防腐技术初探[J].公路交通技术,2007年6月第3期
[7]中华人民共和国交通部.《公路路基设计规范》(JTG?D30‐2004)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[8]饶枭宇,罗斌,唐树名,文志兵.《抗震锚索及其应用》[J].岩土锚固工程,2010第三期
[9]唐树名.碎裂结构岩体路堑边坡锚固机理分析及其应用研究[D].重庆大学博士论文.2003
[10]张思峰.预应力内锚固段作用机理及其耐久性研究[D].同济大学博士论文.2007
[11]杨存进.关于锚索预应力损失及其测试方法的探讨[J].全国岩土锚固学会研讨会,2004,
[12]梁炯均.锚固与注浆技术手册[M].北京:中国电力出版社.1999
[13]申继红.锚根埋深的计算方法[J].水利水电科技进展,2002,22(02)
[14]李英勇,张顶立,张宏博,宋修广.边坡加固中预应力锚索失效机制与失效效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报2010,1
[15]郑静,朱本珍.边坡锚索结构的失效因素与破坏类型[J].铁道工程学报,2010,01(136)
[16]王栋,张得高.关于预应力锚索破坏失效及防护问题的探讨[J].云南水利发电,2007(2)
[17]唐树名,李明.主动锚和被动锚联合锚固碎裂结构岩体路堑边坡的模型试验分析[J].公路交通技术,2003(3)
[18]郭玉芳.压力分散型锚索与普通拉力型锚索的对比[J].探矿工程,2004,05(05)
[19]吴学兵,靖洪文.压力分散型锚索剪应力分布规律的研究.山西建筑.? ?
[20]伍国军.地下工程锚固时效性及可靠性研究[D].中国科学院武汉岩土力学岩土所博士论文.2009
[21]陈国周.岩土锚固工程中若干问题的研究[D].大连理工大学博士论文.2008
[22]朱宏伟.锚固自由段嵌固深度设计和确定的理论研究.重庆交通大学硕士学位论文.2009
[23]李月莲.预应力锚索锚固机理研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文.2008
[24]夏元友.预应力锚索对洞室的加固机理实验研究及数值分析[D].武汉大学博士论文.2006
[25]彭文轩.加锚岩土体稳定可靠度研究及工程应用[D].重庆大学博士论文.2004
[26]朱训国.地下工程中注浆岩石锚杆锚固机理研究[D].大连理工大学博士论文.2006
[27]何思明.预应力锚索破坏特性及极限抗拔力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(17):296—297
[28]李景龙.大型地下洞室群工程稳定性风险评估系统及其应用研究[D].山东大学博士论文.2008
[29]张思峰,周健等.预应力锚索锚固效应的三维数值模拟及其工程应用研究[J].地质力学学报,2006,2(07):25—29
[30]吴波.城市地下工程技术研究与实践[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2008
[31]贺少辉.地下工程[M].北京:北京交通大学出版社,2006
[32]赵国藩,金伟良,贡金鑫.结构可靠度理论[J].北京:中国建筑出版社.2000
[33]孙学毅,钟瑞辉,刘璇,陈标.预应力锚索结构分析及受力思考[J].全国岩土锚固学术研讨会,2004
[34]K.LamParuthi & K.Muthukrishnaiah,Anchor in sand bed:delineation of rupture surfaee[J],Ocean Engineering.26(1999)1249—1273
[35]A.Serrano & C.Olalla,Tensile resistance of rock anchors[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 36(1999)449‐47
[36]何思明.预应力锚索破坏特性及极限抗拔力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(17):296—297
[37]蒋忠信.拉力型锚索锚固段剪应力分布的高斯曲线模式[J].岩土工程学报,2001,24(07):66—69
[38]张思峰,周健等.预应力锚索锚固效应的三维数值模拟及其工程应用研究[J].地质力学学报,2006,2(07):25—29
[39]王敏中.高等弹性力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.2002
[40]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社出版,1990
[41]赵国藩,金伟良,贡金鑫.结构可靠度理论[M].北京:中国建筑出版社.2000
[42]Richard.Introduction to rock mechanics.TA706.G65,1989
[43]ACI.Guide to Shotcrete,506R‐90,American Goncrete Institute,Detroit,Michigan,1990.
[44]ASTM.Test Method for Time of Setting of Shotcrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance,C1117—89(1994),V101.04.02,American Society for Testing and Materials,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,1994.
[45]ACI.Specification on Materials,Proportioning,and Application of Shotcrete,506。2—90,Amcrican Concrete Institute,Detroit,Michigan,1990.
[46]ASTM.Specification for Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete,C 1116—91,Vol.04.02,American Societv for Testing and Materials,Philadelphia Pennsylvania,1 9 9 1.
[47]ASTM.Specification for Admixtures for Shotcrete,C 1141—94,V01.04.02,American Society For Testing and Materials,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,1994.
[48]ACI State‐of‐the‐Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete 506.1R‐84(1989) American Concrete Institute,Detroit,Michigan,1989
[2]程良奎,李象范.岩土锚固·土钉·喷射混凝土——原理、设计与应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2008
[3]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,许建平.岩土锚固[M]北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2003
[4]中国工程建设标准化协会标准.《岩土锚杆(索)技术规程》(CECS 22:2005)2007,3
[5]刘玉堂,白彦光,庞有超,徐国兴.永久型锚索的防护及选用[J].全国岩土锚固学术研讨会,2008
[6]余万超,韩道均,唐树名.预应力锚索腐蚀原理与防腐技术初探[J].公路交通技术,2007年6月第3期
[7]中华人民共和国交通部.《公路路基设计规范》(JTG?D30‐2004)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[8]饶枭宇,罗斌,唐树名,文志兵.《抗震锚索及其应用》[J].岩土锚固工程,2010第三期
[9]唐树名.碎裂结构岩体路堑边坡锚固机理分析及其应用研究[D].重庆大学博士论文.2003
[10]张思峰.预应力内锚固段作用机理及其耐久性研究[D].同济大学博士论文.2007
[11]杨存进.关于锚索预应力损失及其测试方法的探讨[J].全国岩土锚固学会研讨会,2004,
[12]梁炯均.锚固与注浆技术手册[M].北京:中国电力出版社.1999
[13]申继红.锚根埋深的计算方法[J].水利水电科技进展,2002,22(02)
[14]李英勇,张顶立,张宏博,宋修广.边坡加固中预应力锚索失效机制与失效效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报2010,1
[15]郑静,朱本珍.边坡锚索结构的失效因素与破坏类型[J].铁道工程学报,2010,01(136)
[16]王栋,张得高.关于预应力锚索破坏失效及防护问题的探讨[J].云南水利发电,2007(2)
[17]唐树名,李明.主动锚和被动锚联合锚固碎裂结构岩体路堑边坡的模型试验分析[J].公路交通技术,2003(3)
[18]郭玉芳.压力分散型锚索与普通拉力型锚索的对比[J].探矿工程,2004,05(05)
[19]吴学兵,靖洪文.压力分散型锚索剪应力分布规律的研究.山西建筑.? ?
[20]伍国军.地下工程锚固时效性及可靠性研究[D].中国科学院武汉岩土力学岩土所博士论文.2009
[21]陈国周.岩土锚固工程中若干问题的研究[D].大连理工大学博士论文.2008
[22]朱宏伟.锚固自由段嵌固深度设计和确定的理论研究.重庆交通大学硕士学位论文.2009
[23]李月莲.预应力锚索锚固机理研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文.2008
[24]夏元友.预应力锚索对洞室的加固机理实验研究及数值分析[D].武汉大学博士论文.2006
[25]彭文轩.加锚岩土体稳定可靠度研究及工程应用[D].重庆大学博士论文.2004
[26]朱训国.地下工程中注浆岩石锚杆锚固机理研究[D].大连理工大学博士论文.2006
[27]何思明.预应力锚索破坏特性及极限抗拔力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(17):296—297
[28]李景龙.大型地下洞室群工程稳定性风险评估系统及其应用研究[D].山东大学博士论文.2008
[29]张思峰,周健等.预应力锚索锚固效应的三维数值模拟及其工程应用研究[J].地质力学学报,2006,2(07):25—29
[30]吴波.城市地下工程技术研究与实践[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2008
[31]贺少辉.地下工程[M].北京:北京交通大学出版社,2006
[32]赵国藩,金伟良,贡金鑫.结构可靠度理论[J].北京:中国建筑出版社.2000
[33]孙学毅,钟瑞辉,刘璇,陈标.预应力锚索结构分析及受力思考[J].全国岩土锚固学术研讨会,2004
[34]K.LamParuthi & K.Muthukrishnaiah,Anchor in sand bed:delineation of rupture surfaee[J],Ocean Engineering.26(1999)1249—1273
[35]A.Serrano & C.Olalla,Tensile resistance of rock anchors[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 36(1999)449‐47
[36]何思明.预应力锚索破坏特性及极限抗拔力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(17):296—297
[37]蒋忠信.拉力型锚索锚固段剪应力分布的高斯曲线模式[J].岩土工程学报,2001,24(07):66—69
[38]张思峰,周健等.预应力锚索锚固效应的三维数值模拟及其工程应用研究[J].地质力学学报,2006,2(07):25—29
[39]王敏中.高等弹性力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.2002
[40]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社出版,1990
[41]赵国藩,金伟良,贡金鑫.结构可靠度理论[M].北京:中国建筑出版社.2000
[42]Richard.Introduction to rock mechanics.TA706.G65,1989
[43]ACI.Guide to Shotcrete,506R‐90,American Goncrete Institute,Detroit,Michigan,1990.
[44]ASTM.Test Method for Time of Setting of Shotcrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance,C1117—89(1994),V101.04.02,American Society for Testing and Materials,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,1994.
[45]ACI.Specification on Materials,Proportioning,and Application of Shotcrete,506。2—90,Amcrican Concrete Institute,Detroit,Michigan,1990.
[46]ASTM.Specification for Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete,C 1116—91,Vol.04.02,American Societv for Testing and Materials,Philadelphia Pennsylvania,1 9 9 1.
[47]ASTM.Specification for Admixtures for Shotcrete,C 1141—94,V01.04.02,American Society For Testing and Materials,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,1994.
[48]ACI State‐of‐the‐Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete 506.1R‐84(1989) American Concrete Institute,Detroit,Michigan,1989