休宁县农村养老保障问题的调查报告
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摘要
人口老龄化是人类经济社会发展到一定阶段的产物,城乡倒置是我国人口老龄化的重要特征之一,这在安徽省休宁县表现的尤为突出,休宁县早在1998年步入老龄化社会,是老年人大县,其中超过65%的老年人生活在农村,人口老龄化形势严峻。在经济尚不发达,养老保障体系尚不健全的情况下,农村将成为休宁县养老的重点,也是难点。在目前的经济状况下,休宁县农村除了少数发达地区外,绝大部分地区还沿用着“家庭养老、土地养老+社会救助供养”的传统养老模式,但伴随着人口老龄化的加速、经济体制的不断变革、家庭结构趋于小型化以及人们观念的日益革新,传统养儿防老和土地养老的模式受到巨大冲击,新型农村养老保障制度在政府的规划下崭露头角。
本文首先论述了休宁县人口老龄化的特征及其对现有农村养老保障模式带来的挑战,其次在实地调研的基础上分析了当前休宁县农村养老保障体系的基本构成及其存在的问题,并通过查阅资料对问题产生的根源做了深入分析,最后提出建立和完善以家庭养老为主、社会养老为辅,积极推进社区集体养老,切实提高农村老年人自身养老能力的多元化的农村养老保障体系,以此来应对休宁县人口老龄化带来的冲击和挑战。
Aging of population is a product of human economic and social development that has come to a certain stage. Inversion between urban areas and rural areas is one of the important characteristics of the aging of population in our country. And this is particularly prominent in Xiuning County of Anhui Province. Xiuning County went into aging society in1998, earlier than other parts of the province. It is a county with a great number of old people, more than65%of which live in the rural areas. The situation of aging is very serious. Under the circumstances of undeveloped economy and imperfect endowment insurance system, the rural areas will be the focus and also the most difficult part of the endowment issue of Xiuning County. Under the current economic condition, except for a few developed parts, the vast majority of the regions in the county still follow the traditional endowment model of "family endowment and land endowment+social assistance support". However, with acceleration of the aging of population, constant change of economic system, miniaturization of family structures and increasing innovation in people's perceptions, the traditional model of family endowment and land endowment is greatly impacted, while the new rural endowment insurance system begins to take effect under the government's planning.
This thesis firstly discusses the characteristics of aging of population in Xiuning County and the challenges it has brought to the existing rural endowment insurance system. Secondly, on the basis of field researches, the thesis gives an analysis of the basic composition of the current rural endowment insurance system of Xiuning County and some problems of the system. Then the thesis does a thorough analysis about the root causes of these problems through consulting a great deal of information. Finally, the thesis puts forward the idea of setting up a diversified rural endowment insurance system with family endowment as the primary one and social endowment as the complementary one. The collective community endowment will be actively promoted and the abilities of the old people to support themselves will be improved, thus better coping with the challenges brought by aging of population in the county.
本文首先论述了休宁县人口老龄化的特征及其对现有农村养老保障模式带来的挑战,其次在实地调研的基础上分析了当前休宁县农村养老保障体系的基本构成及其存在的问题,并通过查阅资料对问题产生的根源做了深入分析,最后提出建立和完善以家庭养老为主、社会养老为辅,积极推进社区集体养老,切实提高农村老年人自身养老能力的多元化的农村养老保障体系,以此来应对休宁县人口老龄化带来的冲击和挑战。
Aging of population is a product of human economic and social development that has come to a certain stage. Inversion between urban areas and rural areas is one of the important characteristics of the aging of population in our country. And this is particularly prominent in Xiuning County of Anhui Province. Xiuning County went into aging society in1998, earlier than other parts of the province. It is a county with a great number of old people, more than65%of which live in the rural areas. The situation of aging is very serious. Under the circumstances of undeveloped economy and imperfect endowment insurance system, the rural areas will be the focus and also the most difficult part of the endowment issue of Xiuning County. Under the current economic condition, except for a few developed parts, the vast majority of the regions in the county still follow the traditional endowment model of "family endowment and land endowment+social assistance support". However, with acceleration of the aging of population, constant change of economic system, miniaturization of family structures and increasing innovation in people's perceptions, the traditional model of family endowment and land endowment is greatly impacted, while the new rural endowment insurance system begins to take effect under the government's planning.
This thesis firstly discusses the characteristics of aging of population in Xiuning County and the challenges it has brought to the existing rural endowment insurance system. Secondly, on the basis of field researches, the thesis gives an analysis of the basic composition of the current rural endowment insurance system of Xiuning County and some problems of the system. Then the thesis does a thorough analysis about the root causes of these problems through consulting a great deal of information. Finally, the thesis puts forward the idea of setting up a diversified rural endowment insurance system with family endowment as the primary one and social endowment as the complementary one. The collective community endowment will be actively promoted and the abilities of the old people to support themselves will be improved, thus better coping with the challenges brought by aging of population in the county.
引文
[1]李辉,王瑛洁.中国人口老龄化城乡倒置现象研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2012(1)
[2]李路路,蔡禾, 边燕杰.社会调查方法与技术[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2006.
[3]安徽省2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报[EB／OL].http://www.anhuinews.com/zhuyeguanli/system/2011/05/17/004047639.shtml 2011-05-17.
[4]成海军.中国农村养老方式的现状与前瞻[J].广东社会科学,2000(3)
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[6]李丹丹,尹勤.安徽省流动人口现状及特点[J].人口研究,2010(3)
[7]戴卫东.中国农村社会养老保险制度研究述评[J].中国农村观察,2007(1)
[8]朱荣华.人口老龄化背景下的安徽省农村养老保障问题研究[D].长春：吉林大学,2009.
[9]《安徽省“空巢老人”现状调查及对策研究》课题组,安徽省老龄办省社会保障研究会.安徽省“空巢老人”现状调查及对策研究[C].老龄问题研究论文集(十二)——积极老龄化研究之四——老年人与发展,2008-02：322.
[10]周成超,楚洁,徐晓超等.安徽省农村某镇空巢老人抑郁情况现状及相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2008(2).
[11]张皖.安徽省新型农村养老保险发展的调查研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011(30)
[12]中国人口统计年鉴(2010)[M].国务院人口普查办公室,国家统计局人口和就业统计司编,北京：中国统计出版社,2010.
[13]范成杰.乡土重建：老年人问题研究的路径依赖[J].唐都学刊,2008(1)
[14]安云凤.弘扬传统孝道文化,关注农村养老问题[J].齐鲁学刊,2009(5)
[15]王小英.论“以土地换保障”——一个解决农村养老保险资金来源问题的新思路[J].中国财经政法大学研究生学报,’2007(3)
[2]李路路,蔡禾, 边燕杰.社会调查方法与技术[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2006.
[3]安徽省2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报[EB／OL].http://www.anhuinews.com/zhuyeguanli/system/2011/05/17/004047639.shtml 2011-05-17.
[4]成海军.中国农村养老方式的现状与前瞻[J].广东社会科学,2000(3)
[5]蔡笑腾,白海军.家庭养老缺失及我国农村养老策略构想[J].国家行政学院学报,2010(2)
[6]李丹丹,尹勤.安徽省流动人口现状及特点[J].人口研究,2010(3)
[7]戴卫东.中国农村社会养老保险制度研究述评[J].中国农村观察,2007(1)
[8]朱荣华.人口老龄化背景下的安徽省农村养老保障问题研究[D].长春：吉林大学,2009.
[9]《安徽省“空巢老人”现状调查及对策研究》课题组,安徽省老龄办省社会保障研究会.安徽省“空巢老人”现状调查及对策研究[C].老龄问题研究论文集(十二)——积极老龄化研究之四——老年人与发展,2008-02：322.
[10]周成超,楚洁,徐晓超等.安徽省农村某镇空巢老人抑郁情况现状及相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2008(2).
[11]张皖.安徽省新型农村养老保险发展的调查研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011(30)
[12]中国人口统计年鉴(2010)[M].国务院人口普查办公室,国家统计局人口和就业统计司编,北京：中国统计出版社,2010.
[13]范成杰.乡土重建：老年人问题研究的路径依赖[J].唐都学刊,2008(1)
[14]安云凤.弘扬传统孝道文化,关注农村养老问题[J].齐鲁学刊,2009(5)
[15]王小英.论“以土地换保障”——一个解决农村养老保险资金来源问题的新思路[J].中国财经政法大学研究生学报,’2007(3)