中国汽车企业研发能力提升的研究
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摘要
中国汽车企业经过最近几年的迅猛发展,产销量已经攀升为世界第一,但是远远称不上强。其中原因颇多,研发能力的薄弱是其中的主要原因。研发能力薄弱集中体现在：自主品牌依然不是汽车行业的主流,而且只能集中在中低端产品；国内汽车企业在很多领域仍然处于过分依赖外资方技术或逆向开发的初级阶段；对外资零部件企业的依赖程度相当高,很多采用委外开发。而导致中国汽车企业研发能力薄弱的原因有：“市场换技术”政策落下的病根；研发资金投入有限；研发人才匮乏；研发中心尚处于“襁褓”之中等,致使很多领域无法进行真正意义上的研究和开发。
本文通过搜集研发能力提高的相关理论知识,比对国外先进汽车企业的研发模式、研发投入和人才培养方式,归纳总结了部分国内汽车企业研发方面取得进展的经验,并结合中国的具体国情,提出如下研发能力提升的对策和建议：加强研发中心建设；多重交互研发模式的建立；发动机尖端技术的突破。加强研发中心建设的具体措施中包括：确保研发资金到位,力争达到研发中心独立；梯度研发人才队伍建设和团队稳定性；矩阵式项目管理架构和并行工程的有效结合；整车与零部件的同步研发。希望以上对策和建议对中国汽车企业有所帮助,对研发能力的提升有所借鉴意义。结论部分简要地总结了全文的观点。
The production and sales of Chinese car makers have rocketed to be No 1 in the world af ter the quick growth in the past few years, but Chinese car industry can't be called strong. The re are several reasons, the main reason might be the weakness of R&D capability. It embodie s three aspects as follows. The first is that local brand isn't the mainstream of the trade, can only focus on the middle level or low level products. The second is that local OEMs depend o n the foreign side technology too much or still stay at the step of copy development. The third is that local OEMs rely too much on foreign capital parts maker, commission development is the normal way. While the reasons which lead to the weakness of the R&D capability could b e summarized as follows. The policy of "Get the technology by winning the market" which was adopted by Chinese government in the beginning stage of car industry development result s in the root cause of illness; The capital investment is quite limited in Chinese car makers; L ack of specialty persons; R&D center is still in the "baby" stage. Because of above reasons, r esearch and development work couldn't get along very well.
Dissertation presented countermeasures and advices to promote R&D capability which i s based on current situation of Chinese car industry by collecting the related theories, compari ng with the advanced R&D mode,proper R&D investment and the good way of fostering spe cialty person in oversea car makers, deeply analyzing the R&D work contents and status in re presentative Chinese car maker. The advices are as follows. Strengthen constructing R&D cen ter to create new platform for Chinese brand; The establishment of multi-ply R&D mode; Cha llenge the core technology of vehicles which means the breakthrough of engine high-tech tec hnology. The way of strengthening R&D center includes following aspects. Make sure the R&D investment, strive for the independent operation of R&D. Build and bring up hiberarch y competent R&D team and keep it steady.Effective combination between Matrix project tea m and simultaneous engineering. Keep the same development rhythm between the vehicles a nd the parts. Hope that above advices are helpful to Chinese car makers and useful as referenc e to the promotion of R&D capability. The parts of conclusion summarized the points of the a rticle.
本文通过搜集研发能力提高的相关理论知识,比对国外先进汽车企业的研发模式、研发投入和人才培养方式,归纳总结了部分国内汽车企业研发方面取得进展的经验,并结合中国的具体国情,提出如下研发能力提升的对策和建议：加强研发中心建设；多重交互研发模式的建立；发动机尖端技术的突破。加强研发中心建设的具体措施中包括：确保研发资金到位,力争达到研发中心独立；梯度研发人才队伍建设和团队稳定性；矩阵式项目管理架构和并行工程的有效结合；整车与零部件的同步研发。希望以上对策和建议对中国汽车企业有所帮助,对研发能力的提升有所借鉴意义。结论部分简要地总结了全文的观点。
The production and sales of Chinese car makers have rocketed to be No 1 in the world af ter the quick growth in the past few years, but Chinese car industry can't be called strong. The re are several reasons, the main reason might be the weakness of R&D capability. It embodie s three aspects as follows. The first is that local brand isn't the mainstream of the trade, can only focus on the middle level or low level products. The second is that local OEMs depend o n the foreign side technology too much or still stay at the step of copy development. The third is that local OEMs rely too much on foreign capital parts maker, commission development is the normal way. While the reasons which lead to the weakness of the R&D capability could b e summarized as follows. The policy of "Get the technology by winning the market" which was adopted by Chinese government in the beginning stage of car industry development result s in the root cause of illness; The capital investment is quite limited in Chinese car makers; L ack of specialty persons; R&D center is still in the "baby" stage. Because of above reasons, r esearch and development work couldn't get along very well.
Dissertation presented countermeasures and advices to promote R&D capability which i s based on current situation of Chinese car industry by collecting the related theories, compari ng with the advanced R&D mode,proper R&D investment and the good way of fostering spe cialty person in oversea car makers, deeply analyzing the R&D work contents and status in re presentative Chinese car maker. The advices are as follows. Strengthen constructing R&D cen ter to create new platform for Chinese brand; The establishment of multi-ply R&D mode; Cha llenge the core technology of vehicles which means the breakthrough of engine high-tech tec hnology. The way of strengthening R&D center includes following aspects. Make sure the R&D investment, strive for the independent operation of R&D. Build and bring up hiberarch y competent R&D team and keep it steady.Effective combination between Matrix project tea m and simultaneous engineering. Keep the same development rhythm between the vehicles a nd the parts. Hope that above advices are helpful to Chinese car makers and useful as referenc e to the promotion of R&D capability. The parts of conclusion summarized the points of the a rticle.
引文
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[2)李康.中国汽车零部件企业如何提高核心竞争力.汽车工业研究.2009(7)
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(4)李显君,庞丽.中国汽车企业竞争优势突破机制探讨.科学研究2008(1)
(5)庄明惠.汽车新品开发的项目管理.中国质量.2006(6)
(6)朱亚群.汽车零部件产品开发项目管理研究.上海交通大学学报.2008
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(10)刘涛.中国离汽车强国有多远.中国企业家.2006(24)
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(12)孔德泰.我国自主品牌轿车路在何方.合作经济与科技.2009(5)
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(15)田江艳,王承云.中日汽车产业发展模式的比较.世界地理研究.2010(1)
(16)田香兰.日韩发展汽车零部件产业的启示.汽车与配件.2007(33)
[17)左宗文.跨国汽车零部件企业在华投资对本土企业影响分析.铜陵学院学报.2008(6)
[18)计志英.跨国汽车公司在华构建研发创新体系的路径及政策建议.价格月刊.2007(11)
(19]李佳.世界500强汽车公司全球战略及在华投资状况研究.南开大学学报.(2007)
(20)范乐群.汽车研发中心建设发展研究.天津大学学报.2008
[21)王社民,凌兆兰.挺起民族汽车工业的脊梁——奇瑞汽车有限公司艰苦创业之路.中国监察.2007(10)
(22)吴勇.如何看待合资汽车生产企业自主研发.汽车与配件.2007(38)
(23)苏文静.汽车企业研发中心组织结构框架的研究.科技创业月刊.2010(10)
(24]彭华涛,信继欣.关于汽车企业协同研发体系构建机理的研究.汽车工业研究.2009(7)
(25)陈明.中国汽车工业研发人才培养问题分析.当代财经.2008(8)
(26)姚晓敏.S公司基层人才薪酬体系优化的研究.上海交通大学学报.2009
(27]郑虎.研发团队稳定性对项目管理绩效的影响研究.上海交通大学学报.2009
(28)商旭升.项目管理方法在汽车车型开发过程中的应用研究.天津大学学报.2009
(29)俞瑞华.汽车开发项目管理浅谈.装备制造技术.2009(12)
(30)杨小辉,杨东.项目管理在汽车新产品开发中的应用.重型汽车.2009(3)
(31)钟志华.产学研结合与汽车自主创新能力建设.汽车科技.2010(3)
[32)杨金龙.上海通用汽车现有供应商质量评价体系的研究及其应用.上海交通大学学报.2009
(33]邱钊,黄俊,李传昭.制造商联合供应商早期参与新产品开发研究.中国科技论坛.2008(5)
(34)杜利珍.汽车零部件供应商评价系统的开发与应用.现代商业.2011(7)
(35)李强.汽车行业集团管控下的自主研发模式.汽车科技.2008(6)
[36)邢宗辉.我国轿车企业的自主品牌创新模式研究.武汉科技大学学报.2006
(37)白绪贵,姜军.汽车配套企业自主创新体系建设个案研究.经济纵横.2009(9)
(38)董本云.我国自主品牌轿车企业技术创新特征及对策.经济纵横.2007(10)
[39)梁昌娟,朱克海.虚拟研发中心--汽车研发的新模式.大众科技2006(3)
[40)车义.现代汽车发动机技术的发展趋势.哈尔滨工程大学学报.(2007)
[41]倪晋尚.我国汽车节能途径分析.科技信息.2010(35)
(42]程振彪.中国新能源汽车发展前景展望.汽车工业研究.2010(8)
[2)李康.中国汽车零部件企业如何提高核心竞争力.汽车工业研究.2009(7)
(3)迈克尔·波特/陈小悦译.竞争战略.华夏出版社.2005(10)
(4)李显君,庞丽.中国汽车企业竞争优势突破机制探讨.科学研究2008(1)
(5)庄明惠.汽车新品开发的项目管理.中国质量.2006(6)
(6)朱亚群.汽车零部件产品开发项目管理研究.上海交通大学学报.2008
(7)阳立高,廖进中.产学研联合推进汽车产业自主创新发展.经济论坛.2009(4)
(8)方正,李蔚.中国汽车20年之痛.企业管理.2005(9)
(9)姬虹,曾成桦.本土汽车的可持续战略在哪里.中外管理.2007(10)
(10)刘涛.中国离汽车强国有多远.中国企业家.2006(24)
[11)司康.中国汽车零部件产业现状分析.汽车工业研究.2009(11)
(12)孔德泰.我国自主品牌轿车路在何方.合作经济与科技.2009(5)
[13)周煜,聂鸣.基于全球价值链的中国汽车产业升级路径分析.科技进步与对策.2007(7)
(14)吴憩棠.汽车零部件的自主研发-汽车产业调整和振兴规划解读之三.汽车与配件.2009(16)
(15)田江艳,王承云.中日汽车产业发展模式的比较.世界地理研究.2010(1)
(16)田香兰.日韩发展汽车零部件产业的启示.汽车与配件.2007(33)
[17)左宗文.跨国汽车零部件企业在华投资对本土企业影响分析.铜陵学院学报.2008(6)
[18)计志英.跨国汽车公司在华构建研发创新体系的路径及政策建议.价格月刊.2007(11)
(19]李佳.世界500强汽车公司全球战略及在华投资状况研究.南开大学学报.(2007)
(20)范乐群.汽车研发中心建设发展研究.天津大学学报.2008
[21)王社民,凌兆兰.挺起民族汽车工业的脊梁——奇瑞汽车有限公司艰苦创业之路.中国监察.2007(10)
(22)吴勇.如何看待合资汽车生产企业自主研发.汽车与配件.2007(38)
(23)苏文静.汽车企业研发中心组织结构框架的研究.科技创业月刊.2010(10)
(24]彭华涛,信继欣.关于汽车企业协同研发体系构建机理的研究.汽车工业研究.2009(7)
(25)陈明.中国汽车工业研发人才培养问题分析.当代财经.2008(8)
(26)姚晓敏.S公司基层人才薪酬体系优化的研究.上海交通大学学报.2009
(27]郑虎.研发团队稳定性对项目管理绩效的影响研究.上海交通大学学报.2009
(28)商旭升.项目管理方法在汽车车型开发过程中的应用研究.天津大学学报.2009
(29)俞瑞华.汽车开发项目管理浅谈.装备制造技术.2009(12)
(30)杨小辉,杨东.项目管理在汽车新产品开发中的应用.重型汽车.2009(3)
(31)钟志华.产学研结合与汽车自主创新能力建设.汽车科技.2010(3)
[32)杨金龙.上海通用汽车现有供应商质量评价体系的研究及其应用.上海交通大学学报.2009
(33]邱钊,黄俊,李传昭.制造商联合供应商早期参与新产品开发研究.中国科技论坛.2008(5)
(34)杜利珍.汽车零部件供应商评价系统的开发与应用.现代商业.2011(7)
(35)李强.汽车行业集团管控下的自主研发模式.汽车科技.2008(6)
[36)邢宗辉.我国轿车企业的自主品牌创新模式研究.武汉科技大学学报.2006
(37)白绪贵,姜军.汽车配套企业自主创新体系建设个案研究.经济纵横.2009(9)
(38)董本云.我国自主品牌轿车企业技术创新特征及对策.经济纵横.2007(10)
[39)梁昌娟,朱克海.虚拟研发中心--汽车研发的新模式.大众科技2006(3)
[40)车义.现代汽车发动机技术的发展趋势.哈尔滨工程大学学报.(2007)
[41]倪晋尚.我国汽车节能途径分析.科技信息.2010(35)
(42]程振彪.中国新能源汽车发展前景展望.汽车工业研究.2010(8)