内蒙古克什克腾旗钼、铅锌矿的成矿地质背景与找矿前景研究
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摘要
内蒙古克什克腾旗地区构造位置处于华北板块北缘,属于突泉—林西华力西、燕山期铁(锡)、铜、铅锌、银成矿带的南段组成部分。本区钼、铅、锌、铜等多金属矿产丰富,开展对该区以钼、铅、锌为主的多金属矿产成矿地质背景的研究,探讨其成矿规律并分析其找矿前景,对于指导该区进一步的矿产勘查工作具有重要的实际意义。通过野外地质、结合室内综合分析研究,主要取得了以下认识：
研究区出露地层由老至新依次为：下古生界奥陶系包尔汉图群、上古生界二叠系下统哲斯组、中生界侏罗系上统土城子组、满克头鄂博组、白音高老组、新生界新近系中新统汉诺坝组、第四系上更新统乌吉尔组。根据区内各花岗岩体之间相互接触、穿插等关系,厘定其先后侵入顺序为：中粗粒正长花岗岩、花岗斑岩、中细粒黑云母花岗岩、中粗粒二长花岗岩。黑云母花岗岩和中粗粒二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICP法加权平均年龄分别为138.4±3.2Ma和132.4±1.5Ma,表明研究区内燕山期花岗岩体侵入时代分别为晚侏罗世与早白垩世。区内褶皱与断裂构造均较发育,北东向及北西向断裂为区内主要控矿构造。
区内主要成矿元素Mo、Pb、Zn的浓度克拉克值(K)介于1.0～1.5之间,有富集趋势,当地质条件对成矿有利时可富集成矿。通过对本区成矿元素变异系数分析结果表明,Mo、Pb、Zn主要成矿元素的变异系数(CV)均在0.6以下,且呈均匀分布趋势,在成矿条件有利时可富集成矿。由聚类分析及因子分析结果可知,Pb、Mo、Zn、Cu、Ag、As、Sb元素为第一成矿因子,且它们之间具有较好的相关性,为本区成矿有利元素组合。在确定各成矿元素异常下限值的基础上,通过异常评序,最终确定6处重点地球化学异常区。
哲斯组地层及晚侏罗世与早白垩世花岗岩体中Mo、Pb、Zn元素的丰度值明显高于大兴安岭地区背景值,由此确定哲斯组地层和花岗岩为钼、铅锌成矿物质主要来源。区内北东向及北西向断裂或节理裂隙为研究区钼、铅锌矿产的主要控矿构造。
通过对区内典型钼、铅锌矿(化)点成矿环境、成矿条件、成矿特征等综合研究,总结出钼、铅锌矿产的主要找矿标志：1.角岩或板岩化哲斯组地层可作为钼铅锌矿化的间接指示标志；2.北东向及北西向断裂或裂隙为区内钼铅锌矿产主要构造标志；3.石英脉发育、黄铁矿化或褐铁矿化现象为区内钼铅锌矿的直接找矿标志。
根据研究区钼、铅锌矿产成矿规律等特征分析,建立了克什克腾旗地区钼、铅锌矿化的成矿模式,认为成矿类型为与酸性中浅成侵入活动有关的断裂控制-热液充填型矿床。
综合找矿标志、成矿元素异常特征等,圈定散窝铺异常区、西沟异常区为钼、铅锌重点找矿靶区。异常查证、探槽编录取样分析均已验证这两个靶区成矿条件较好,具有良好的找矿前景。
Keshiketengqi of Inner Mongolia located on the margin of North China plate,belongs to Yanshannian metallogenic belt of Tuquan to Linxi.This region is abundant in polymetal and,by the study of its mineralizing geological background and the potential for exploration,we can find that it might be helpful for the further mineral exploration.Through the comprehensive study of both field practice and indoor analysis can we get the points as follow:
This paper has found out the components of stratum in the research area and, according to the mutual contact and penetration of granite,it can be proved that granite of Yanshannian in the research region has intruded in Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous,fold and faulted structure growth, NE and NW faults are main ore-controlling structure.
The main mineralizing elements, Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc,with its k value ranging from 1.0 to 1.5,have the tendency of enrichment and will become Mineral once conditions permits.The analysis results of its CU indicates that the main mineralizing elements such as Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc,with their CU under 0.6,might become Mineral in an appropriate condition.On the basis of each mineralizing element's anomalous Lower Limit,six key geochimical anomalous areas could be found.
In the granite of Pz layer,belongs to Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous,the Clark value of elements such as Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc,is obviously large than those in Greater Higgnan Mountains, which indicates that Pz layer and granite are the main source of mineralization, NE and NW faults are the major ore-controlling structure for the study of Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc.
By the comprehensive study of the typical Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc about its mineralizing environment and features in this region, we can get that the key indicator for exploration are as such:1. Keratite or Slate Pz layer can be the indirect indicator; 2. NE and NW faults are the major indicator for exploration.
According to the study of mineralizing regularity in the research area,combining with the establishment of the mineralizing mode in Keshiketengqi, it can be defined as hydrothermal deposit.
Combining the indicator of exploration with anomalous features of mineralizing elements, SanWoPu and XiGou anomalous areas could be viewed as the key target regions for the exploration of Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc and it has been proved that the two regions have a good potential for exploration.
研究区出露地层由老至新依次为：下古生界奥陶系包尔汉图群、上古生界二叠系下统哲斯组、中生界侏罗系上统土城子组、满克头鄂博组、白音高老组、新生界新近系中新统汉诺坝组、第四系上更新统乌吉尔组。根据区内各花岗岩体之间相互接触、穿插等关系,厘定其先后侵入顺序为：中粗粒正长花岗岩、花岗斑岩、中细粒黑云母花岗岩、中粗粒二长花岗岩。黑云母花岗岩和中粗粒二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICP法加权平均年龄分别为138.4±3.2Ma和132.4±1.5Ma,表明研究区内燕山期花岗岩体侵入时代分别为晚侏罗世与早白垩世。区内褶皱与断裂构造均较发育,北东向及北西向断裂为区内主要控矿构造。
区内主要成矿元素Mo、Pb、Zn的浓度克拉克值(K)介于1.0～1.5之间,有富集趋势,当地质条件对成矿有利时可富集成矿。通过对本区成矿元素变异系数分析结果表明,Mo、Pb、Zn主要成矿元素的变异系数(CV)均在0.6以下,且呈均匀分布趋势,在成矿条件有利时可富集成矿。由聚类分析及因子分析结果可知,Pb、Mo、Zn、Cu、Ag、As、Sb元素为第一成矿因子,且它们之间具有较好的相关性,为本区成矿有利元素组合。在确定各成矿元素异常下限值的基础上,通过异常评序,最终确定6处重点地球化学异常区。
哲斯组地层及晚侏罗世与早白垩世花岗岩体中Mo、Pb、Zn元素的丰度值明显高于大兴安岭地区背景值,由此确定哲斯组地层和花岗岩为钼、铅锌成矿物质主要来源。区内北东向及北西向断裂或节理裂隙为研究区钼、铅锌矿产的主要控矿构造。
通过对区内典型钼、铅锌矿(化)点成矿环境、成矿条件、成矿特征等综合研究,总结出钼、铅锌矿产的主要找矿标志：1.角岩或板岩化哲斯组地层可作为钼铅锌矿化的间接指示标志；2.北东向及北西向断裂或裂隙为区内钼铅锌矿产主要构造标志；3.石英脉发育、黄铁矿化或褐铁矿化现象为区内钼铅锌矿的直接找矿标志。
根据研究区钼、铅锌矿产成矿规律等特征分析,建立了克什克腾旗地区钼、铅锌矿化的成矿模式,认为成矿类型为与酸性中浅成侵入活动有关的断裂控制-热液充填型矿床。
综合找矿标志、成矿元素异常特征等,圈定散窝铺异常区、西沟异常区为钼、铅锌重点找矿靶区。异常查证、探槽编录取样分析均已验证这两个靶区成矿条件较好,具有良好的找矿前景。
Keshiketengqi of Inner Mongolia located on the margin of North China plate,belongs to Yanshannian metallogenic belt of Tuquan to Linxi.This region is abundant in polymetal and,by the study of its mineralizing geological background and the potential for exploration,we can find that it might be helpful for the further mineral exploration.Through the comprehensive study of both field practice and indoor analysis can we get the points as follow:
This paper has found out the components of stratum in the research area and, according to the mutual contact and penetration of granite,it can be proved that granite of Yanshannian in the research region has intruded in Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous,fold and faulted structure growth, NE and NW faults are main ore-controlling structure.
The main mineralizing elements, Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc,with its k value ranging from 1.0 to 1.5,have the tendency of enrichment and will become Mineral once conditions permits.The analysis results of its CU indicates that the main mineralizing elements such as Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc,with their CU under 0.6,might become Mineral in an appropriate condition.On the basis of each mineralizing element's anomalous Lower Limit,six key geochimical anomalous areas could be found.
In the granite of Pz layer,belongs to Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous,the Clark value of elements such as Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc,is obviously large than those in Greater Higgnan Mountains, which indicates that Pz layer and granite are the main source of mineralization, NE and NW faults are the major ore-controlling structure for the study of Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc.
By the comprehensive study of the typical Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc about its mineralizing environment and features in this region, we can get that the key indicator for exploration are as such:1. Keratite or Slate Pz layer can be the indirect indicator; 2. NE and NW faults are the major indicator for exploration.
According to the study of mineralizing regularity in the research area,combining with the establishment of the mineralizing mode in Keshiketengqi, it can be defined as hydrothermal deposit.
Combining the indicator of exploration with anomalous features of mineralizing elements, SanWoPu and XiGou anomalous areas could be viewed as the key target regions for the exploration of Molybdenum,Lead-Zinc and it has been proved that the two regions have a good potential for exploration.
引文
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[3]邵积东.内蒙古大地构造分区及其特征[J].内蒙古地质,1998,87(2)：1～23
[4]内蒙古自治区地质矿产局[M].北京：地质出版社,1991,215～243
[5]胡晓,许传诗,牛树根.华北地台北缘早古生代大陆边缘演化[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1991.46-87
[6]胡骁,华北地台北侧古生代大陆边缘的构造演化及成矿作用[J].河北地质学院学报,1988,11(2)：5-24
[7]张喜周,张振邦.内蒙大兴安岭南段地质构造与成矿[J].矿产与地质,1997,97(17)：298～301
[8]张长年.地球化学找矿[M].北京：地质出版社,1992.15～16
[9]刘吉平,吴巧生.地质异常成矿预测理论与实践[M].北京：中国地质大学出版社,1999.22～23
[10]岳朝龙,黄永兴,严忠.SAS系统与经济统计分析[M].安徽：中国科学技术大学出版社,2003.64～65
[11]戚长谋.元素地球化学分类探讨[J].长春地质学院学报,1991,4：361～365
[12]吴锡生.化探数据处理方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1993.54～56
[13]邓海燕.聚类分析与判别分析的区别[J].武汉学刊,2006.1：29～31
[14]张华良.数学地质[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1994.
[15]中国地质调查局.1：250000林西县幅区域地质调查报告.2009
[16]贾斌等.大兴安岭成矿带铅锌多金属矿床成矿规律[J].矿物学报,2009,29(z1)：32～37
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