船用蒸汽动力装置主锅炉集散型调控监测系统研究
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摘要
船用蒸汽动力装置主锅炉系统是船舶大功率蒸汽动力装置的两大主系统之一，它是由一系列多参数分布、多变量藕合的子系统构成，在运行过程中需要对其进行复杂的过程控制。目前国内对这方面的研究还仅限于使用集散控制系统进行监视、报警，并未真正利用计算机技术构建一个成熟的动力装置主锅炉集散型控制系统平台。
本文从实际工程出发，以某船舶蒸汽动力装置主锅炉监控系统研制项目为背景，进行了集散式控制系统(DCS)的设计与开发，主要研究工作如下：
1)主锅炉控制系统特性分析和算法研究。本文在分析船用主锅炉控制系统性能特点的基础上，对这一复杂系统进行解耦控制，把它分成各个单独的子系统。以其中最具代表性的汽包水位控制系统、除氧器与冷凝器水位联合控制系统、机炉协调控制系统以及锅炉燃烧控制系统为研究对象，进行了控制算法的研究，控制功能上采用了几种不同形式的PID控制，实际控制效果良好。
2)产品选型和系统设计。本文通过对市场的调研和大量实际现场工作经验的总结，设计了一套符合船用主锅炉控制规模的中小型集散控制系统。该系统选择横河公司的CENTUM CS1000产品，它采用通用PC机作为操作平台，是一个真正意义上开放式结构的系统。
3)系统软件组态编程。文中详细阐述了DCS控制系统的组态方案，包括工程项目文件的定制，现场控制站的模件组态，依据具体设计对几个主要控制回路功能块的组态连接，数据的通讯以及操作员站各监控、报警画面的组态工作。
The main boiler system for marine steam-power plant is one of the two main systems of heavy-duty marine steam-power plant.It consists of a series of subsystems.These subsystems have the features of distributing parameter and multivariable coupling.It needs a complicated process control in the operating process. Currently the research of those is only limited to monitoring and alarm by the DCS(Distributed Control System),but it isn't a mature control system platform with the computer technology.
Based on the engineering practice,some researches have been done in the monitoring and control system of main boiler for marine steam-power plant.The main work is as follows:
1) Main boiler control system of characteristic analysis and research on algorithm.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of marine boiler control system,decoupling control is used to the complex system,with dividing it into each individual sub-system.Some control system are studied to use the different control algorithm,include water-level control system,deaerator and condenser water-level associated control system,steam turbine and main boiler coordinated control system,combustion control system.A good effect are given on the control results.
2) Equipment option and system design.By investigation and practice,a medium or minitype DCS for marine main boiler control system is designed.That system chooses the CENTUM CS1000 of Yokogawa Electric Corporation and adopts the general personal computer as operating platform.It is a really open architecture system.
3) DCS software configuration.DCS configurations methods are discussed in detail in this thesis,including confirming of the project item file,the module configuration of field control station,configuration connection of function block in several important control circuits,communication of the data as well as configuration work of monitoring window and process alarm window.
本文从实际工程出发，以某船舶蒸汽动力装置主锅炉监控系统研制项目为背景，进行了集散式控制系统(DCS)的设计与开发，主要研究工作如下：
1)主锅炉控制系统特性分析和算法研究。本文在分析船用主锅炉控制系统性能特点的基础上，对这一复杂系统进行解耦控制，把它分成各个单独的子系统。以其中最具代表性的汽包水位控制系统、除氧器与冷凝器水位联合控制系统、机炉协调控制系统以及锅炉燃烧控制系统为研究对象，进行了控制算法的研究，控制功能上采用了几种不同形式的PID控制，实际控制效果良好。
2)产品选型和系统设计。本文通过对市场的调研和大量实际现场工作经验的总结，设计了一套符合船用主锅炉控制规模的中小型集散控制系统。该系统选择横河公司的CENTUM CS1000产品，它采用通用PC机作为操作平台，是一个真正意义上开放式结构的系统。
3)系统软件组态编程。文中详细阐述了DCS控制系统的组态方案，包括工程项目文件的定制，现场控制站的模件组态，依据具体设计对几个主要控制回路功能块的组态连接，数据的通讯以及操作员站各监控、报警画面的组态工作。
The main boiler system for marine steam-power plant is one of the two main systems of heavy-duty marine steam-power plant.It consists of a series of subsystems.These subsystems have the features of distributing parameter and multivariable coupling.It needs a complicated process control in the operating process. Currently the research of those is only limited to monitoring and alarm by the DCS(Distributed Control System),but it isn't a mature control system platform with the computer technology.
Based on the engineering practice,some researches have been done in the monitoring and control system of main boiler for marine steam-power plant.The main work is as follows:
1) Main boiler control system of characteristic analysis and research on algorithm.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of marine boiler control system,decoupling control is used to the complex system,with dividing it into each individual sub-system.Some control system are studied to use the different control algorithm,include water-level control system,deaerator and condenser water-level associated control system,steam turbine and main boiler coordinated control system,combustion control system.A good effect are given on the control results.
2) Equipment option and system design.By investigation and practice,a medium or minitype DCS for marine main boiler control system is designed.That system chooses the CENTUM CS1000 of Yokogawa Electric Corporation and adopts the general personal computer as operating platform.It is a really open architecture system.
3) DCS software configuration.DCS configurations methods are discussed in detail in this thesis,including confirming of the project item file,the module configuration of field control station,configuration connection of function block in several important control circuits,communication of the data as well as configuration work of monitoring window and process alarm window.
引文
[1] 陈义亮．船用锅炉与汽轮机．大连：海事大学出版社，1995：16-17页
[2] Lu, S. Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of Power Plant Systems, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers-Part A-Power&Energy, 1998, 2 (1):7-16P
[3] Liao, Z, Dexter, A. The potential for energy saving in heating systems through improving boiler controls. Energy and Buildings, 2004, 36(2): 261-271P
[4] 李章．舰用增压锅炉装置．北京：海潮出版社，2002：25-29页
[5] Adam, E. J, Marchetti, J. L. Dynamic simulation of large boilers with natural recirculation. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 1999, 23 (2): 1031-1040P
[6] 王庆东，冯增健，孙优贤．锅炉热工过程先进控制策略研究综述．电力系统及其自动化学报．2004，16(5)：75-80页
[7] 张小辉，季国华．集散控制系统在发电厂电气监控中的应用．电气时代．2002，13(2)：26-27页
[8] 孙宗海，CENTUM-CS1000在天然气处理装置上应用．工业控制计算机．2004，17(11)：54-55页
[9] 王常力，罗安等著．分布式控制系统(DCS)设计与应用实例．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[10] 苟小龙．DCS在回路仿真系统的研究及开发．重庆大学博士学位论文．2003：15-17页
[11] 葛曼．集散控制系统在600MW单元机组的应用及研究．东南大学硕士学位论文，2004：3-4页
[12] 张明亮，夏桂娟．工业锅炉热工检测与过程控制．天津：天津大学出版社，1992：8-10页
[13] 邵开文，马运义．舰船技术与设计概论．北京：国防工业出版社，2005： 145-146页
[14] YOKOGAWA. CS1000/CS3000 Reference Function Block Details. Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 1998
[15] YOKOGAWA. CS1000/CS3000 User's Manual Field Control Stations. Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 1998
[16] YOKOGAWA. System Overview. Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 1998
[17] YOKOGAWA. CS1000/CS3000 Reference Manual Human Interface Station. Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 1998
[18] Prokhorenkov A M, Saburov I V, et al. Application of fuzzy models in control systems of boiler aggregates technological processes. International Workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing System: Technology and Applications, 2001:40-43P
[19] 李之义．船舶辅助机械．北京：人民交通出版社，2002：21页
[20] 李来春，邓彩霞，杨明极．变偏置双交叉限幅燃烧控制系统设计及应用研究．热能动力工程，2003，18(2)：183-186页
[21] 赵瑾．CENTUM CS1000集散控制系统．北京：化学工业出版社，2004
[22] 张雪申，叶西宁．集散控制系统及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2006
[23] 李来春，许松男．蒸汽动力主锅炉燃烧控制系统．热能动力工程，2001，15(2)：175-177页
[24] Glickman S, et al. Identification-based PID control tuning for power station process.es. IEEE trans Control systems Technology, 2004, 12(1): 123-132P
[25] 陶国辉．CENTUM-CS3000在硅钢热处理工艺上的应用．武汉工程职业技术学院学报．2005，17(2)：15-17页
[26] P.B. Deshpande. Improve quality control on-line with PID controllers. Chemical Engineering Progress, 1991, 17(3): 102-105P
[27] WANG Yaonan. An Adaptive Control Using Fuzzy Logic Neural Network and Its Application. Control Theory and Application, 1995, 12(4):437-444P
[28] Yih-Ping Luh, Shean-Shyong chiou, Jau-Woie Chang. Design of Distributed Control System Software Using Client-Server Architecture. Proceedings of The IEEE Intemational Conference on Industrial Technology, 1996
[29] S.Z.Wang, R. Chen. Research and Design of a Distributed Control System. Process Automation, 1996, 19 (2): 17-20P
[30] 杨忠君，张鑫，赵孝伟，魏强，袁德成．新型DCS系统在电厂中的应用．沈阳化工学院学报，2005，19(2)：158-160页
[31] 刘春梅，皮红梅．CENTUM CS 3000在裂解装置的应用．河北化工，2004，21(5)：53-56页
[32] 李玲玲，葛蔓玲，赵全明．工业锅炉水位三冲量控制系统的改进．河北工业大学学报，2000，29(6)：97-100页
[33] 张秋生，刘军强，岳志敏，李鹏．用DCS组成的电动执行机构控制回路．安徽电力，2005，22(3)：16-17页
[34] 王民权．DCS系统自定义描述型变量的扩展应用．自动化仪表，2004，25(9)：42-44页
[35] 吕赛平．DCS组态转换技术在仿真系统集成中的应用．华东电力，2005，33(4)：58-60页
[36] 武晓云，曹忠身．船舶监控系统CAN现场总线监控系统体系结构及功能描述．中国造船，2001，42(1)：69-74页
[37] J. P. Card, D. L. Smiderman, C. Klimasauskas Dynamic Neural Control for aPlasma Etch Process. IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, 1997, 8(4):883-901P
[38] W. Ali, J. Burghaart. Effects of Lag Controllers on. Transient Response. IEEE Proc. Part D, 1991, 138(2): 119-122P
[39] 刘浩．小型火电厂中DCS控制系统的运用及发展．湖北电力，2004，9(28)：36-38页
[2] Lu, S. Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of Power Plant Systems, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers-Part A-Power&Energy, 1998, 2 (1):7-16P
[3] Liao, Z, Dexter, A. The potential for energy saving in heating systems through improving boiler controls. Energy and Buildings, 2004, 36(2): 261-271P
[4] 李章．舰用增压锅炉装置．北京：海潮出版社，2002：25-29页
[5] Adam, E. J, Marchetti, J. L. Dynamic simulation of large boilers with natural recirculation. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 1999, 23 (2): 1031-1040P
[6] 王庆东，冯增健，孙优贤．锅炉热工过程先进控制策略研究综述．电力系统及其自动化学报．2004，16(5)：75-80页
[7] 张小辉，季国华．集散控制系统在发电厂电气监控中的应用．电气时代．2002，13(2)：26-27页
[8] 孙宗海，CENTUM-CS1000在天然气处理装置上应用．工业控制计算机．2004，17(11)：54-55页
[9] 王常力，罗安等著．分布式控制系统(DCS)设计与应用实例．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[10] 苟小龙．DCS在回路仿真系统的研究及开发．重庆大学博士学位论文．2003：15-17页
[11] 葛曼．集散控制系统在600MW单元机组的应用及研究．东南大学硕士学位论文，2004：3-4页
[12] 张明亮，夏桂娟．工业锅炉热工检测与过程控制．天津：天津大学出版社，1992：8-10页
[13] 邵开文，马运义．舰船技术与设计概论．北京：国防工业出版社，2005： 145-146页
[14] YOKOGAWA. CS1000/CS3000 Reference Function Block Details. Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 1998
[15] YOKOGAWA. CS1000/CS3000 User's Manual Field Control Stations. Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 1998
[16] YOKOGAWA. System Overview. Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 1998
[17] YOKOGAWA. CS1000/CS3000 Reference Manual Human Interface Station. Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 1998
[18] Prokhorenkov A M, Saburov I V, et al. Application of fuzzy models in control systems of boiler aggregates technological processes. International Workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing System: Technology and Applications, 2001:40-43P
[19] 李之义．船舶辅助机械．北京：人民交通出版社，2002：21页
[20] 李来春，邓彩霞，杨明极．变偏置双交叉限幅燃烧控制系统设计及应用研究．热能动力工程，2003，18(2)：183-186页
[21] 赵瑾．CENTUM CS1000集散控制系统．北京：化学工业出版社，2004
[22] 张雪申，叶西宁．集散控制系统及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2006
[23] 李来春，许松男．蒸汽动力主锅炉燃烧控制系统．热能动力工程，2001，15(2)：175-177页
[24] Glickman S, et al. Identification-based PID control tuning for power station process.es. IEEE trans Control systems Technology, 2004, 12(1): 123-132P
[25] 陶国辉．CENTUM-CS3000在硅钢热处理工艺上的应用．武汉工程职业技术学院学报．2005，17(2)：15-17页
[26] P.B. Deshpande. Improve quality control on-line with PID controllers. Chemical Engineering Progress, 1991, 17(3): 102-105P
[27] WANG Yaonan. An Adaptive Control Using Fuzzy Logic Neural Network and Its Application. Control Theory and Application, 1995, 12(4):437-444P
[28] Yih-Ping Luh, Shean-Shyong chiou, Jau-Woie Chang. Design of Distributed Control System Software Using Client-Server Architecture. Proceedings of The IEEE Intemational Conference on Industrial Technology, 1996
[29] S.Z.Wang, R. Chen. Research and Design of a Distributed Control System. Process Automation, 1996, 19 (2): 17-20P
[30] 杨忠君，张鑫，赵孝伟，魏强，袁德成．新型DCS系统在电厂中的应用．沈阳化工学院学报，2005，19(2)：158-160页
[31] 刘春梅，皮红梅．CENTUM CS 3000在裂解装置的应用．河北化工，2004，21(5)：53-56页
[32] 李玲玲，葛蔓玲，赵全明．工业锅炉水位三冲量控制系统的改进．河北工业大学学报，2000，29(6)：97-100页
[33] 张秋生，刘军强，岳志敏，李鹏．用DCS组成的电动执行机构控制回路．安徽电力，2005，22(3)：16-17页
[34] 王民权．DCS系统自定义描述型变量的扩展应用．自动化仪表，2004，25(9)：42-44页
[35] 吕赛平．DCS组态转换技术在仿真系统集成中的应用．华东电力，2005，33(4)：58-60页
[36] 武晓云，曹忠身．船舶监控系统CAN现场总线监控系统体系结构及功能描述．中国造船，2001，42(1)：69-74页
[37] J. P. Card, D. L. Smiderman, C. Klimasauskas Dynamic Neural Control for aPlasma Etch Process. IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, 1997, 8(4):883-901P
[38] W. Ali, J. Burghaart. Effects of Lag Controllers on. Transient Response. IEEE Proc. Part D, 1991, 138(2): 119-122P
[39] 刘浩．小型火电厂中DCS控制系统的运用及发展．湖北电力，2004，9(28)：36-38页