高压气动比例减压阀的结构优化与特性研究
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摘要
高压气体功率密度高、瞬间膨胀性大、,温度适应范围广,在航空航天、武器装备和气动汽车等特殊领域得到应用。高压气动比例减压阀是制约高压气动系统实现自动化及远程控制的关键元件,现有文献缺乏深入的研究报道。本文从结构设计、尺寸优化以及缝隙泄漏特性等方面对高压气动比例减压阀展开研究,主要内容如下：
第一章,介绍了高压气动元件和系统的发展现状,综述了气动阻容网络、结露结冰特性、结构尺寸优化和缝隙泄漏特性等方面的研究现状,阐述了本课题的研究背景和意义,提出主要研究内容。
第二章,设计了新型高压气动比例减压阀,并进行了尺寸和结构形式优化。分析了高压气动比例减压阀的工作原理和特点,设计了二通式锥阀以及三通式滑阀先导阀。利用气阻网络方法得出了减压阀静态特性分析的数学模型,结合遗传算法对先导阀尺寸进行了优化。针对减压阀出现的结冰现象,提出减低节流窗口宽度比的方法避免气体结露,结合流场计算对阀芯内部流道进行了优化。
第三章,对高压气动比例减压阀进行数学建模。利用流场计算得出了不同形式阀口的缩流系数以及壅塞流临界压力比；分析了不同结构减压阀从气源到负载的动态模型；在AMESim中完成了建模,以此作为减压阀理论分析的基础。
第四章,对高压气动比例减压阀的缝隙泄漏特性进行研究。提出一种同心环形缝隙高度间接测量方法。对减压阀的泄漏特性进行深入研究,分析工作条件和结构尺寸对泄漏流量的影响,研究泄漏对减压阀工作特性的影响,提出减少泄漏的措施。
第五章,对高压气动比例减压阀的工作特性进行分析。仿真分析减压阀的压力、流量以及频率等工作特性,对结构参数、摩擦力和比例电磁铁等对减压阀性能的影响进行研究,指出提高减压阀工作性能的关键因素。
第六章,开展高压气动比例减压阀实验研究。搭建实验装置进行同心环形缝隙高度的间接测量实验,结果表明该方法测量准确、简单易行。搭建高压气动比例减压阀实验装置,开展了系统的实验研究；结果表明该减压阀能实现大范围稳定的压力调节,设计方案合理,仿真模型可信。
第七章,总结本论文的主要工作,阐述研究结论和创新点,对课题的后续研究作出展望。
High pressure gas has some unique characteristics such as high power density, huge instant dispensability, and well thermal adaptability. It has been widely applicated in special fields like aerospace, pneumatic vehicles and so on. High pressure pneumatic proportional pressure reducing valve(PPRV) is one of the key components that restrict the automation and remote control of high pressure pneumatic systems. But there are lack of deep research and report about the PPRV in existing references. This paper focuses on the structure design, dimension optimization and clearance leakage characteristic etc. to investigate the high pressure pneumatic PPRV. The main contents are as follows:
In chapter one, current research status high pressure components and systems is summarized. The research status of pneumatic resistance and capacitance network, dewing and icing characteristics, structure and dimension optimization, as well as clearance leakage characteristics is introduced. Then the research background and importance of this study are given out. Finally the main research content is proposed.
In chapter two, new structure type of high pressure pneumatic PPRVs are proposed, the optimization design on both dimension and structure of the PPRV is carried out. Firstly, the principle and characteristic of the high pressure pneumatic PPRV is introduced, the two-way poppet valve and three-way pilot valve as pilot valve are proposed. Secondly, the mathematic model for static characteristics analysis is derived based on resistance network, the dimension optimization of the pilot valve is carried out based on genetic algorithm. Finally, the method of reducing the throttle width ratio is proposed to avoid dewing, the passage area inside the pilot spool is also optimized based on CFD results.
In chapter three, mathematical models of the PPRVs are built up. Firstly, contract coefficients and critical pressure ratios of choking flow of different valve ports are derived based on the CFD tools. Then, the dynamic models from gas supply to laod for different PPRVs are analyzed. Finally, the simulation models are built up in AEMSim, and these models will be used as the foundation of characteristics analysis of these PPRVs.
In chapter four, the leakage characteristics of annular clearances of the PPRVs are analyzed. An indirect measuring method is proposed to measure concentric annular clearance. Then the leakge characteristics of PPRVs are carefully investigated:the influence of operation conditions and structure paramters are analyzed, the influence of leakage on the PPRV's performance is also researched, the suggetions for reducing leakage are given out.
In chapter five, the operating characteristics of these PPRVs are analyzed. The pressure, flow rate and frequency characteristics etc. of PPRVs are simulated. The influences of structural parameters, friction force, and proportional electro-magnet etc. on the performance of PPRVs are also researched. Finally, the key factors that could improve the PPRV's performance are pointed out.
In chapter six, the experiments are carried out to test the PPRV. The clearcance indirectly measuring set-up is built up, and the expriments are carried out. The results show that the measument is accurate and the indirect method is simple and practicable. The high pressure pneumatic PPRV test set-up is also built up, and systematic experiments are carried out. The test results verified that the PPRV could achieve steady pressure adjusting within a wide pressure range, the design scheme is reasonable and the simulation model is trustable.
In chapter seven, main work of the paper is summarized, then the research conclusions and innovations are introduced, the succeeding research on the PPRV is also prospected at last.
第一章,介绍了高压气动元件和系统的发展现状,综述了气动阻容网络、结露结冰特性、结构尺寸优化和缝隙泄漏特性等方面的研究现状,阐述了本课题的研究背景和意义,提出主要研究内容。
第二章,设计了新型高压气动比例减压阀,并进行了尺寸和结构形式优化。分析了高压气动比例减压阀的工作原理和特点,设计了二通式锥阀以及三通式滑阀先导阀。利用气阻网络方法得出了减压阀静态特性分析的数学模型,结合遗传算法对先导阀尺寸进行了优化。针对减压阀出现的结冰现象,提出减低节流窗口宽度比的方法避免气体结露,结合流场计算对阀芯内部流道进行了优化。
第三章,对高压气动比例减压阀进行数学建模。利用流场计算得出了不同形式阀口的缩流系数以及壅塞流临界压力比；分析了不同结构减压阀从气源到负载的动态模型；在AMESim中完成了建模,以此作为减压阀理论分析的基础。
第四章,对高压气动比例减压阀的缝隙泄漏特性进行研究。提出一种同心环形缝隙高度间接测量方法。对减压阀的泄漏特性进行深入研究,分析工作条件和结构尺寸对泄漏流量的影响,研究泄漏对减压阀工作特性的影响,提出减少泄漏的措施。
第五章,对高压气动比例减压阀的工作特性进行分析。仿真分析减压阀的压力、流量以及频率等工作特性,对结构参数、摩擦力和比例电磁铁等对减压阀性能的影响进行研究,指出提高减压阀工作性能的关键因素。
第六章,开展高压气动比例减压阀实验研究。搭建实验装置进行同心环形缝隙高度的间接测量实验,结果表明该方法测量准确、简单易行。搭建高压气动比例减压阀实验装置,开展了系统的实验研究；结果表明该减压阀能实现大范围稳定的压力调节,设计方案合理,仿真模型可信。
第七章,总结本论文的主要工作,阐述研究结论和创新点,对课题的后续研究作出展望。
High pressure gas has some unique characteristics such as high power density, huge instant dispensability, and well thermal adaptability. It has been widely applicated in special fields like aerospace, pneumatic vehicles and so on. High pressure pneumatic proportional pressure reducing valve(PPRV) is one of the key components that restrict the automation and remote control of high pressure pneumatic systems. But there are lack of deep research and report about the PPRV in existing references. This paper focuses on the structure design, dimension optimization and clearance leakage characteristic etc. to investigate the high pressure pneumatic PPRV. The main contents are as follows:
In chapter one, current research status high pressure components and systems is summarized. The research status of pneumatic resistance and capacitance network, dewing and icing characteristics, structure and dimension optimization, as well as clearance leakage characteristics is introduced. Then the research background and importance of this study are given out. Finally the main research content is proposed.
In chapter two, new structure type of high pressure pneumatic PPRVs are proposed, the optimization design on both dimension and structure of the PPRV is carried out. Firstly, the principle and characteristic of the high pressure pneumatic PPRV is introduced, the two-way poppet valve and three-way pilot valve as pilot valve are proposed. Secondly, the mathematic model for static characteristics analysis is derived based on resistance network, the dimension optimization of the pilot valve is carried out based on genetic algorithm. Finally, the method of reducing the throttle width ratio is proposed to avoid dewing, the passage area inside the pilot spool is also optimized based on CFD results.
In chapter three, mathematical models of the PPRVs are built up. Firstly, contract coefficients and critical pressure ratios of choking flow of different valve ports are derived based on the CFD tools. Then, the dynamic models from gas supply to laod for different PPRVs are analyzed. Finally, the simulation models are built up in AEMSim, and these models will be used as the foundation of characteristics analysis of these PPRVs.
In chapter four, the leakage characteristics of annular clearances of the PPRVs are analyzed. An indirect measuring method is proposed to measure concentric annular clearance. Then the leakge characteristics of PPRVs are carefully investigated:the influence of operation conditions and structure paramters are analyzed, the influence of leakage on the PPRV's performance is also researched, the suggetions for reducing leakage are given out.
In chapter five, the operating characteristics of these PPRVs are analyzed. The pressure, flow rate and frequency characteristics etc. of PPRVs are simulated. The influences of structural parameters, friction force, and proportional electro-magnet etc. on the performance of PPRVs are also researched. Finally, the key factors that could improve the PPRV's performance are pointed out.
In chapter six, the experiments are carried out to test the PPRV. The clearcance indirectly measuring set-up is built up, and the expriments are carried out. The results show that the measument is accurate and the indirect method is simple and practicable. The high pressure pneumatic PPRV test set-up is also built up, and systematic experiments are carried out. The test results verified that the PPRV could achieve steady pressure adjusting within a wide pressure range, the design scheme is reasonable and the simulation model is trustable.
In chapter seven, main work of the paper is summarized, then the research conclusions and innovations are introduced, the succeeding research on the PPRV is also prospected at last.
引文
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