浮式钻井平台塔形井架的动态特性研究
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摘要
随着陆地油气开采量的下降,人们开始将视线移至海洋,深水油气田将成为未来石油产量的重要源泉。作为深海油气田勘探开采的关键性平台—浮式钻井平台的动力响应也将越来越受到关注,而平台上塔形井架作为海洋钻机起升系统的重要组成部分,工作中受到的载荷远比陆地钻机工况复杂,不仅存在常规工作载荷,而且还有复杂的海浪、洋流等动载荷的作用,工作环境更加恶劣。井架的强度和安全性是平台正常工作的基本保障,因此,研究海洋塔形井架的静动态特性很有必要。
通过前期调研,将坐落于浮式钻井平台上的塔形井架进行分类,依据得到的资料,选取某浮式钻井平台上的塔形单井架作为研究对象,建立其三维原型模型和按比例缩小(1:10)的塔形模型井架。针对海洋塔形井架的工作环境,将载荷进行划分,然后进行组合载荷的计算。
利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,进行井架的静力分析计算,得到在各工况下,井架各杆件应力分布和变形等情况,通过稳定性分析,确定了该塔形井架的临界载荷;通过对井架的模态分析,获得结构的固有频率和模态阵型;对起钻工况进行模态瞬态动力学分析,研究冲击载荷下井架的动力响应;引入海浪谱,完成波浪力谱激励下的谱分析,得到响应随频率的变化规律。
设计了一套试验系统,对海洋钻井设备进行环境模拟实验,包括六自由度摇摆摇摆试验台和模型井架,可模拟海浪作用下平台横摇、纵摇及升沉运动。在塔形井架上粘贴应变片,当平台运动时,采集模型井架大腿应变的变化数据;在钩载试验中,观察载荷大小对井架动应变等参数产生怎样的影响;利用锤击法检测塔形井架的固有频率;组装被动升沉测试系统,求取该试验台的升沉位移量的大小。对模型井架进行动态模拟仿真计算,对比试验结果与仿真结果,验证仿真结果。
With the exploitation and yield of land-based oil and gas decreased, people began to divert attention from land to the ocean, so the oil and gas field in deepwater will become an important source of oil and gas production in the future. The dynamic response of floating drilling platform which is the key platform about exploitation and exploration in marine oil and gas field will be taken more and more attention. Tower derrick is an important rig equipment in hoist system on the platform, which bears more complex loading conditions than land rigs. The loads not only contain working loads in regular, but also waves, currents, etc. The working circumstances of T-derrick is worse, and the strength and security of it are basic guarantee of working platform, therefore, the study about static and dynamic characteristics of T-derrick is necessary.
According to preliminary investigation, the classifications of T-derrick on drilling platforms are listed. A single-derrick is selected as study object based on received material,and built a three-dimensional prototype and an one to ten scaled-down model of T-derrick. For the working environment of T-derrick, the loads is be divided,then the combination of loads would be calculated.
Using the finite element analysis software-ABAQUS, the stress distribution and deformation are obtained by static analysis of T-derrick in various conditions, and the critical load is gained by the stability analysis. Through the modal analysis, the natural frequency and modes of vibration are attained. From the modal transient dynamic analysis under the making a trip, the dynamic response of T-derrick is studied. By introducing wave spectrum, it completes spectrum analysis and gets the varying values of response with frequency
In older to complete the marine environment simulation experiment of drilling equipment, a set of test system is designed, which includes a six degree of freedom swing test-bed and model derrick, they can simulate the roll, pitch and heave movement of floating drilling platform. The strain gauge is pasted on the T-derrick and the strain variable data of T-derrick’s thigh is gathered when the test-bed moving. In the hook load test, how will the size of loads impact on the dynamic strain and other parameters? The natural frequency of T-derrick is detected by hammer excitation. In order to obtain the size of heave displacement, a passive heave compensation system is assembling. Do dynamic simulation of the model, and compare test data with simulation results, then verify the simulation results.
通过前期调研,将坐落于浮式钻井平台上的塔形井架进行分类,依据得到的资料,选取某浮式钻井平台上的塔形单井架作为研究对象,建立其三维原型模型和按比例缩小(1:10)的塔形模型井架。针对海洋塔形井架的工作环境,将载荷进行划分,然后进行组合载荷的计算。
利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,进行井架的静力分析计算,得到在各工况下,井架各杆件应力分布和变形等情况,通过稳定性分析,确定了该塔形井架的临界载荷;通过对井架的模态分析,获得结构的固有频率和模态阵型;对起钻工况进行模态瞬态动力学分析,研究冲击载荷下井架的动力响应;引入海浪谱,完成波浪力谱激励下的谱分析,得到响应随频率的变化规律。
设计了一套试验系统,对海洋钻井设备进行环境模拟实验,包括六自由度摇摆摇摆试验台和模型井架,可模拟海浪作用下平台横摇、纵摇及升沉运动。在塔形井架上粘贴应变片,当平台运动时,采集模型井架大腿应变的变化数据;在钩载试验中,观察载荷大小对井架动应变等参数产生怎样的影响;利用锤击法检测塔形井架的固有频率;组装被动升沉测试系统,求取该试验台的升沉位移量的大小。对模型井架进行动态模拟仿真计算,对比试验结果与仿真结果,验证仿真结果。
With the exploitation and yield of land-based oil and gas decreased, people began to divert attention from land to the ocean, so the oil and gas field in deepwater will become an important source of oil and gas production in the future. The dynamic response of floating drilling platform which is the key platform about exploitation and exploration in marine oil and gas field will be taken more and more attention. Tower derrick is an important rig equipment in hoist system on the platform, which bears more complex loading conditions than land rigs. The loads not only contain working loads in regular, but also waves, currents, etc. The working circumstances of T-derrick is worse, and the strength and security of it are basic guarantee of working platform, therefore, the study about static and dynamic characteristics of T-derrick is necessary.
According to preliminary investigation, the classifications of T-derrick on drilling platforms are listed. A single-derrick is selected as study object based on received material,and built a three-dimensional prototype and an one to ten scaled-down model of T-derrick. For the working environment of T-derrick, the loads is be divided,then the combination of loads would be calculated.
Using the finite element analysis software-ABAQUS, the stress distribution and deformation are obtained by static analysis of T-derrick in various conditions, and the critical load is gained by the stability analysis. Through the modal analysis, the natural frequency and modes of vibration are attained. From the modal transient dynamic analysis under the making a trip, the dynamic response of T-derrick is studied. By introducing wave spectrum, it completes spectrum analysis and gets the varying values of response with frequency
In older to complete the marine environment simulation experiment of drilling equipment, a set of test system is designed, which includes a six degree of freedom swing test-bed and model derrick, they can simulate the roll, pitch and heave movement of floating drilling platform. The strain gauge is pasted on the T-derrick and the strain variable data of T-derrick’s thigh is gathered when the test-bed moving. In the hook load test, how will the size of loads impact on the dynamic strain and other parameters? The natural frequency of T-derrick is detected by hammer excitation. In order to obtain the size of heave displacement, a passive heave compensation system is assembling. Do dynamic simulation of the model, and compare test data with simulation results, then verify the simulation results.
引文
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[6]吴吉有,焦洪柱,鲍有光.JJ160/41-K型井架结构优化及稳定性分析[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(2):54-56.
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[9]邹龙庆.石油钻机井架动态响应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学船舶与海洋结构物设计制造,2006;
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[14]我国超深水钻井平台(船)及超深井钻井设备的发展方向[EB/OL]. http://china.cippe.net/news_sec/12291.Htm,2009-3-30
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