马蔺[Iris lactea Pall.var.chinensis（Fisch.）koidz]的繁殖及抗旱耐盐特性的研究
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摘要
该论文选择高海拔地区的野生植物马蔺[Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz],对其繁殖、抗旱耐盐特性进行了研究。得到主要结论如下:
1.在观测马蔺生物学特性及生长发育规律的基础上,进行了马蔺分株繁殖实验,结果表明:在夏季和秋季采用2分株的方式进行移栽均可取得良好的效果。
2.对马蔺的种子特性进行研究,结果表明:1)经测定马蔺种子千粒重为22.37±1.06g,有生活力的种子为78.5%,无生活力和瘪粒分别为20%和1.5%。2)马蔺种子在正常情况下很难发芽,存在休眠现象,属综合性休眠。3)磨破种皮、赤霉素浸种、浓硫酸浸种均能提高马蔺种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数。用浓度为75ppm的赤霉素浸种能显著提高马蔺种子的发芽率。用浓硫酸浸泡马蔺种子,最适处理时间为1h,发芽率最高。
3.采用连续干旱法,对马蔺实生植株进行干旱胁迫处理,处理时间为0天、3天、6天、9天、12天、15天、18天和21天,定期测定包括叶片中的游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素、电导率、相对含水量等生理生化指标并进行分析。结果显示:1)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,马蔺叶片的相对含水量和叶绿素的含量均逐渐下降;相反,膜的透性和丙二醛的含量则逐渐增加;可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸的含量先增加后减少。2)同时对马蔺抗旱生理生化指标进行相互间的Pearson相关系数分析,结果显示各指标间均呈极显著相关( p<0.01)。
4.采用NaCl质量分数分别为0(CK)、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%的盐溶液对马蔺实生植株进行根际盐分胁迫,处理时间为0天、4天、8天和12天,定期测定包括叶片中的游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素、电导率等生理生化指标并进行分析。结果显示:1)随着盐胁迫浓度的升高和胁迫时间的延长,马蔺叶片叶绿素的含量均逐渐下降;相反,膜的透性、可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量则逐渐增加;而游离脯氨酸的含量先增加后减少。2)盐浓度高低和作用时间长短对马蔺的生长有显著的影响。在0.3%～0.6%的盐分浓度下正常生长,而在0.9%浓度盐溶液中的马蔺叶片枯黄,趋于死亡。
5.应用隶属函数值法对马蔺的抗旱、耐盐性进行综合评定,结果表明:在7个不同生境马蔺种质材料中,采自青海西宁大通河流域马蔺的抗旱性相对较强;马蔺对中度(0.6%NaCl溶液)盐胁迫表现出很强的抗性。
Wild Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz herbage in arctic-alpine area has been chosen, and its reproductive character, drought-resistance and salt-resistance have been tested, the main conclusion was gained as follows:
1. Based on observing biological characteristic, growth regulation and carrying out ramet reproduction experiment to Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz , the result showed better effect on reproduction using two-ramet reproduction method in Summer or Autumn.
2. According to researching seed characteristic of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis indicated: 1)The weight of thousand-seeds is 22.37±1.06g, the rate of living-seed is 78.5%, the rate of undynamic seed and wizened seed is 20% and 1.5% respectively. 2) It is difficult for seeds of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz to germinate in normal condition which present integration dormancy phenomenon. 3) It can be improved germination potential, germination efficiency, germination exponent and energy exponent of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis seed to frazzle seed capsule, dip seed into GA3 solution or strong H2SO4. From the experiment above showed that treating seeds with strong H2SO4 present highest germination efficiency.
3. The seedlings of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz were treated with water-stress, namely not supplied water within 0 days, 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days, 15 days, 18 days, and 21 days, arranged 3 repetitions. Different physiology and bio-chemistry indexes were measured and analysed periodically including dissociative-Pro, dissoluble-sugar, MDA, chlorophyll content, electric conductivity and relative-water content of plant under water stress. The results indicated that: 1)Along with time of water stress, relative-water-content and chlorophyll content were reported to descend, whereas electric conductivity and MDA content increased gradually; Moreover, dissoluble-sugar and dissociative-Pro increased firstly then decreased with the treated time of water stress. 2) Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation analysis among the different physiological indexes was conducted and the result showed that different physiological indexes presented significantly correlation with each other.
4. The roots of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz seedling were treated with different concentration grads of NaCl solution including 0, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% , and the treating time is 0 day, 4 days, 8 days and 12 days , arranged 3 repitions. Different physiological and bio-chemistry indexes were measured and analysed periodically including dissociative-Pro, dissoluble-sugar, MDA, chlorophyll content, electric conductivity. The results indicated: 1) Along with the salt concentration and the time of salt stress, the chlorophyll content were reported to descend, whereas electric conductivity, dissoluble-sugar and MDA content increased gradually; Moreover, dissociative-Pro increased firstly then decreased with the treated time of salt stress. 2) Different salt concentration and salt-stress time reduced profound effect on the growth of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz. Seedlings keep normal growth situation between 0.3-0.6% salt concentration, whereas seedling leaves turn to yellow or died in the condition of 0.9% salt concentration solution.
5. Integrated assessed drought-resistance and salt-resistance of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz using Subordinate-Function Method and the results showed that plant from Qinghai Datong county are presented stronger drought-resistance compared to other six different eco-envrionment Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz.; Moreover, Plant presented strong resistance to medium-concentration salt stress(0.6% NaCl).
1.在观测马蔺生物学特性及生长发育规律的基础上,进行了马蔺分株繁殖实验,结果表明:在夏季和秋季采用2分株的方式进行移栽均可取得良好的效果。
2.对马蔺的种子特性进行研究,结果表明:1)经测定马蔺种子千粒重为22.37±1.06g,有生活力的种子为78.5%,无生活力和瘪粒分别为20%和1.5%。2)马蔺种子在正常情况下很难发芽,存在休眠现象,属综合性休眠。3)磨破种皮、赤霉素浸种、浓硫酸浸种均能提高马蔺种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数。用浓度为75ppm的赤霉素浸种能显著提高马蔺种子的发芽率。用浓硫酸浸泡马蔺种子,最适处理时间为1h,发芽率最高。
3.采用连续干旱法,对马蔺实生植株进行干旱胁迫处理,处理时间为0天、3天、6天、9天、12天、15天、18天和21天,定期测定包括叶片中的游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素、电导率、相对含水量等生理生化指标并进行分析。结果显示:1)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,马蔺叶片的相对含水量和叶绿素的含量均逐渐下降;相反,膜的透性和丙二醛的含量则逐渐增加;可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸的含量先增加后减少。2)同时对马蔺抗旱生理生化指标进行相互间的Pearson相关系数分析,结果显示各指标间均呈极显著相关( p<0.01)。
4.采用NaCl质量分数分别为0(CK)、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%的盐溶液对马蔺实生植株进行根际盐分胁迫,处理时间为0天、4天、8天和12天,定期测定包括叶片中的游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素、电导率等生理生化指标并进行分析。结果显示:1)随着盐胁迫浓度的升高和胁迫时间的延长,马蔺叶片叶绿素的含量均逐渐下降;相反,膜的透性、可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量则逐渐增加;而游离脯氨酸的含量先增加后减少。2)盐浓度高低和作用时间长短对马蔺的生长有显著的影响。在0.3%～0.6%的盐分浓度下正常生长,而在0.9%浓度盐溶液中的马蔺叶片枯黄,趋于死亡。
5.应用隶属函数值法对马蔺的抗旱、耐盐性进行综合评定,结果表明:在7个不同生境马蔺种质材料中,采自青海西宁大通河流域马蔺的抗旱性相对较强;马蔺对中度(0.6%NaCl溶液)盐胁迫表现出很强的抗性。
Wild Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz herbage in arctic-alpine area has been chosen, and its reproductive character, drought-resistance and salt-resistance have been tested, the main conclusion was gained as follows:
1. Based on observing biological characteristic, growth regulation and carrying out ramet reproduction experiment to Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz , the result showed better effect on reproduction using two-ramet reproduction method in Summer or Autumn.
2. According to researching seed characteristic of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis indicated: 1)The weight of thousand-seeds is 22.37±1.06g, the rate of living-seed is 78.5%, the rate of undynamic seed and wizened seed is 20% and 1.5% respectively. 2) It is difficult for seeds of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz to germinate in normal condition which present integration dormancy phenomenon. 3) It can be improved germination potential, germination efficiency, germination exponent and energy exponent of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis seed to frazzle seed capsule, dip seed into GA3 solution or strong H2SO4. From the experiment above showed that treating seeds with strong H2SO4 present highest germination efficiency.
3. The seedlings of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz were treated with water-stress, namely not supplied water within 0 days, 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days, 15 days, 18 days, and 21 days, arranged 3 repetitions. Different physiology and bio-chemistry indexes were measured and analysed periodically including dissociative-Pro, dissoluble-sugar, MDA, chlorophyll content, electric conductivity and relative-water content of plant under water stress. The results indicated that: 1)Along with time of water stress, relative-water-content and chlorophyll content were reported to descend, whereas electric conductivity and MDA content increased gradually; Moreover, dissoluble-sugar and dissociative-Pro increased firstly then decreased with the treated time of water stress. 2) Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation analysis among the different physiological indexes was conducted and the result showed that different physiological indexes presented significantly correlation with each other.
4. The roots of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz seedling were treated with different concentration grads of NaCl solution including 0, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% , and the treating time is 0 day, 4 days, 8 days and 12 days , arranged 3 repitions. Different physiological and bio-chemistry indexes were measured and analysed periodically including dissociative-Pro, dissoluble-sugar, MDA, chlorophyll content, electric conductivity. The results indicated: 1) Along with the salt concentration and the time of salt stress, the chlorophyll content were reported to descend, whereas electric conductivity, dissoluble-sugar and MDA content increased gradually; Moreover, dissociative-Pro increased firstly then decreased with the treated time of salt stress. 2) Different salt concentration and salt-stress time reduced profound effect on the growth of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz. Seedlings keep normal growth situation between 0.3-0.6% salt concentration, whereas seedling leaves turn to yellow or died in the condition of 0.9% salt concentration solution.
5. Integrated assessed drought-resistance and salt-resistance of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz using Subordinate-Function Method and the results showed that plant from Qinghai Datong county are presented stronger drought-resistance compared to other six different eco-envrionment Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz.; Moreover, Plant presented strong resistance to medium-concentration salt stress(0.6% NaCl).
引文
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