基于无线以太网的油田SCADA系统的研究
摘要
在油田开发领域,采油机往往分布在周边环境非常复杂的郊外,主要的采油区也较为分散。建立油井参数数据采集与监控(SCADA)系统,则能够使生产和管理人员及时掌握和控制设备运行状态,实现整个生产过程的自动化。
本文依托吉林省礴晨矿业有限公司“基于无线以太网的油井参数远程监测系统”的研究项目,提出了一种基于无线以太网的解决方案,采用先进的WiMAX无线接入技术和嵌入式以太网技术,构建油田SCADA系统,实现了数据的以太网传输与管理。应用本系统,可以远程采集现场信息,及时发现问题,以便及时采取相应的措施。
针对合作方的要求,本文主要完成了以下工作:
1.基于嵌入式网络技术、无线通信技术和工业控制技术,提出了基于无线以太网的油田SCADA系统的解决方案。
2.完成了远程终端单元的硬件设计和软件编制。对MC9S12NE64内部A/D模块和SPI扩展TLC2543的双精度数据采集方法,单芯片以太网终端节点的实现等关键技术做了较深刻的分析。
3.研究了系统网络协议的实现方法。分析了系统协议流程,介绍了IEEE 802.16协议,根据嵌入式TCP/IP协议的特点和MC9S12NE64处理器的优势,阐述了第三方协议栈OpenTCP的裁剪和移植方法。
4.完成了监控中心软件设计。实现了网络数据传输、数据采集与处理、数据库服务和人机交互等多种功能。
5.测试了硬软件的性能,并对系统各部分的安装规范做了简要介绍。
In the oilfield development, production machines are often distributed in the surrounding countryside environment. The main production areas are more scattered. The establishment of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems will be able to make the production and management and master control in a timely and dynamic production, the entire production process automation.
There are many common ways of remote control, such as field bus and wireless digital radio stations. With the rapid development of information technology, the modern enterprise requirements from the scene to control the management to achieve a comprehensive and seamless information integration, and provide an open framework for the foundation, but the present Field bus not yet completed these requirements, if we use wireless digital radio-way monitoring oil fields, the need for the occupation of wireless communication channel, to achieve reliable communication, the need for larger one-time investment. With the rapid development of internet, Ethernet based on TCP/IP are gradually widely used in monitoring system by virtue of its low cost, high speed communications, global universal standards.
The paper rely on BoChen Company of Jilin Province "The remote monitoring system of parameters wells based on the Wireless Ethernet”research projects. The introduction of WiMAX wireless access technology, study a project which is based on wireless Ethernet oil Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System and on the application of key technologies and expansion were discussed.
The system uses high integration rate processor MC9S12NE64 which Freescale Corporation provides to take the first floor master control chip. Expands TLC2543 through SPI the AD transformation chip and the internal ATD module realizes the multi-precision data acquisition plan. Applying the embedded Ethernet and the wireless WiMAX technology realizes the remote terminal gathering data Ethernet transmission.
System basic processes: oil terminals responsible for collecting the work of the state oil data, or other serial data collection instrumentation; data collected by the end of the communications equipment on the instructions sent to the upper monitor centre, treated deposit real-time database; Monitoring Centre user applications to access real-time database access to data when the order to launch control center operations, first through the application process, and then notify the Ethernet communications equipment sent by the corresponding command word, the terminal under orders include the address information control equipment at the scene.
MC9S12NE64 is a 16-bit microcontroller, with third-party TCP/IP protocol stack match, and then use Metrowerks CodeWarrior development tools of the rapid design, may realize the low cost terminal node Ethernet solution. It has high integration, simple structure and high flexibility. The software can be configured characteristics and can realize large amounts of data acquisition and high-speed data transmission directly to the specific application of efficient support.
In addition to general data acquisition mode, in the field via RS-485 or RS-232 connected computer terminals or other serial instrumentation are also popular. SCI extended through the RS-232 interface, so that such existing serial instrument more easily access. The RS-485 bus from a pair of simple twisted pair line distributed a system. Serial devices such instruments could be via RS-485-RS-232 conversion, multi-point, two-way communication and data collection, simple equipment, anti-noise differential transmission.
WiMAX based on the IEEE802.16 standard, and it is a realization of long-distance high-speed transmission of wireless communication technology. Its largest transmission speed of 75 Mbps, the largest transmission distance of up to 50 km, mainly for the Internet connection service access lines. The paper has made the related debugging for the system in the Internet of Jilin Mobile WiMAX trials. The Remote Control terminal MC9S12NE64 is at the core of the embedded system. TCP/IP is a relatively large group of the protocol. It has hundreds of network protocols. GM's computer system has sufficient resources to support the core communication protocols to achieve, but because embedded systems CPU processing power and storage system capacity constraints, the need for TCP/IP protocol appropriate to streamline.
OpenTCP protocol stack open source projects on NE64 made the corresponding optimization. To achieve all protocol layer independent of each other, between the upper and lower transparent data transmission between the library through a series of data transfer function. Guidelines adopted at the same time operating system, rather than copying the data, the MAC sub layer will be the buffer zone along the data transfer protocol stack up, the realization of a zero-copy data. Reservations in the protocol stack in the ARP, ICMP, TCP, IP core agreement, directly through the application layer for data acquisition applications. Terminal software is including of data collection, the Ethernet driver OpenTCP agreement transplantation and so on. Control Center software system and the main user dialogue function. In this part of the software, you can check network status, sending initialization terminal equipment orders, upon receipt of the terminal back to the "ready" order feedback, the Centre sent the data transfer order, send data to notify the terminal centre. After receipt of data, data processing, and voice, text, images, and the result will be displayed.
Software design is the focus of a thorough analysis of its functional modules settings and the organization, its main function module is the network communication modules, database modules, image processing modules, alarm monitoring and statistics, such as print output module.
This paper proposes a building based on Ethernet Remote Monitoring and Data Acquisition System applications. The system includes Universal Data Acquisition model can be used in all types of sensors collecting well, while extending the RS-232 interface, serial and other instruments have better compatibility. OpenTCP protocols stack on the TCP / IP protocol to streamline the realization of a low-cost Ethernet access. The system has been in the wireless Internet access WiMAX experimental realization of a wireless Ethernet debugging. With WiMAX in the domestic application of the system will be suitable for monitoring oil.
本文依托吉林省礴晨矿业有限公司“基于无线以太网的油井参数远程监测系统”的研究项目,提出了一种基于无线以太网的解决方案,采用先进的WiMAX无线接入技术和嵌入式以太网技术,构建油田SCADA系统,实现了数据的以太网传输与管理。应用本系统,可以远程采集现场信息,及时发现问题,以便及时采取相应的措施。
针对合作方的要求,本文主要完成了以下工作:
1.基于嵌入式网络技术、无线通信技术和工业控制技术,提出了基于无线以太网的油田SCADA系统的解决方案。
2.完成了远程终端单元的硬件设计和软件编制。对MC9S12NE64内部A/D模块和SPI扩展TLC2543的双精度数据采集方法,单芯片以太网终端节点的实现等关键技术做了较深刻的分析。
3.研究了系统网络协议的实现方法。分析了系统协议流程,介绍了IEEE 802.16协议,根据嵌入式TCP/IP协议的特点和MC9S12NE64处理器的优势,阐述了第三方协议栈OpenTCP的裁剪和移植方法。
4.完成了监控中心软件设计。实现了网络数据传输、数据采集与处理、数据库服务和人机交互等多种功能。
5.测试了硬软件的性能,并对系统各部分的安装规范做了简要介绍。
In the oilfield development, production machines are often distributed in the surrounding countryside environment. The main production areas are more scattered. The establishment of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems will be able to make the production and management and master control in a timely and dynamic production, the entire production process automation.
There are many common ways of remote control, such as field bus and wireless digital radio stations. With the rapid development of information technology, the modern enterprise requirements from the scene to control the management to achieve a comprehensive and seamless information integration, and provide an open framework for the foundation, but the present Field bus not yet completed these requirements, if we use wireless digital radio-way monitoring oil fields, the need for the occupation of wireless communication channel, to achieve reliable communication, the need for larger one-time investment. With the rapid development of internet, Ethernet based on TCP/IP are gradually widely used in monitoring system by virtue of its low cost, high speed communications, global universal standards.
The paper rely on BoChen Company of Jilin Province "The remote monitoring system of parameters wells based on the Wireless Ethernet”research projects. The introduction of WiMAX wireless access technology, study a project which is based on wireless Ethernet oil Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System and on the application of key technologies and expansion were discussed.
The system uses high integration rate processor MC9S12NE64 which Freescale Corporation provides to take the first floor master control chip. Expands TLC2543 through SPI the AD transformation chip and the internal ATD module realizes the multi-precision data acquisition plan. Applying the embedded Ethernet and the wireless WiMAX technology realizes the remote terminal gathering data Ethernet transmission.
System basic processes: oil terminals responsible for collecting the work of the state oil data, or other serial data collection instrumentation; data collected by the end of the communications equipment on the instructions sent to the upper monitor centre, treated deposit real-time database; Monitoring Centre user applications to access real-time database access to data when the order to launch control center operations, first through the application process, and then notify the Ethernet communications equipment sent by the corresponding command word, the terminal under orders include the address information control equipment at the scene.
MC9S12NE64 is a 16-bit microcontroller, with third-party TCP/IP protocol stack match, and then use Metrowerks CodeWarrior development tools of the rapid design, may realize the low cost terminal node Ethernet solution. It has high integration, simple structure and high flexibility. The software can be configured characteristics and can realize large amounts of data acquisition and high-speed data transmission directly to the specific application of efficient support.
In addition to general data acquisition mode, in the field via RS-485 or RS-232 connected computer terminals or other serial instrumentation are also popular. SCI extended through the RS-232 interface, so that such existing serial instrument more easily access. The RS-485 bus from a pair of simple twisted pair line distributed a system. Serial devices such instruments could be via RS-485-RS-232 conversion, multi-point, two-way communication and data collection, simple equipment, anti-noise differential transmission.
WiMAX based on the IEEE802.16 standard, and it is a realization of long-distance high-speed transmission of wireless communication technology. Its largest transmission speed of 75 Mbps, the largest transmission distance of up to 50 km, mainly for the Internet connection service access lines. The paper has made the related debugging for the system in the Internet of Jilin Mobile WiMAX trials. The Remote Control terminal MC9S12NE64 is at the core of the embedded system. TCP/IP is a relatively large group of the protocol. It has hundreds of network protocols. GM's computer system has sufficient resources to support the core communication protocols to achieve, but because embedded systems CPU processing power and storage system capacity constraints, the need for TCP/IP protocol appropriate to streamline.
OpenTCP protocol stack open source projects on NE64 made the corresponding optimization. To achieve all protocol layer independent of each other, between the upper and lower transparent data transmission between the library through a series of data transfer function. Guidelines adopted at the same time operating system, rather than copying the data, the MAC sub layer will be the buffer zone along the data transfer protocol stack up, the realization of a zero-copy data. Reservations in the protocol stack in the ARP, ICMP, TCP, IP core agreement, directly through the application layer for data acquisition applications. Terminal software is including of data collection, the Ethernet driver OpenTCP agreement transplantation and so on. Control Center software system and the main user dialogue function. In this part of the software, you can check network status, sending initialization terminal equipment orders, upon receipt of the terminal back to the "ready" order feedback, the Centre sent the data transfer order, send data to notify the terminal centre. After receipt of data, data processing, and voice, text, images, and the result will be displayed.
Software design is the focus of a thorough analysis of its functional modules settings and the organization, its main function module is the network communication modules, database modules, image processing modules, alarm monitoring and statistics, such as print output module.
This paper proposes a building based on Ethernet Remote Monitoring and Data Acquisition System applications. The system includes Universal Data Acquisition model can be used in all types of sensors collecting well, while extending the RS-232 interface, serial and other instruments have better compatibility. OpenTCP protocols stack on the TCP / IP protocol to streamline the realization of a low-cost Ethernet access. The system has been in the wireless Internet access WiMAX experimental realization of a wireless Ethernet debugging. With WiMAX in the domestic application of the system will be suitable for monitoring oil.
引文
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[13] 王根潮,王庆如,朱建华. 抽油机井实时远程遥测技术. 油气井测试.2004.13(1):56-57
[14] 王建新,杨世风. 远程监控技术的发展现状和趋势. 国外电子测量技术. 2005.4:9-12
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[20] 龚银银,陈万忠,赵雷. 基于以太网的 SCADA 系统在油田中的应用. 应用科技. 2007.7:22-25
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[22] Qingcang Yu,BoChen,Harry H.Cheng. Web-Based Control System Design and Analysis. IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 2004.6(4):45-57
[23] S. Thomas,Vinay K. Chandra Design, Development and Commissioning of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Laboratory for Research and Training. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS.VOL. 19. NO. 3. AUGUST 2004
[24] David, Johnston, Jesse Walker. Overview of IEEE 802.16 Security. IEEE Security & Privacy.2004
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[27] 陈揖国,杨洪茂. 游梁式抽油机的状态监测与故障诊断. 中国设备工程. 2003.1:37-39
[28] 王仪,柯先俊,孙思平. 抽油井工况自动远程监测在吐哈温米油田应用分析. 油气井测试. 2003.12(3):63-64
[29] TLC2543-EP 12-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converters with serial control and 11 analog inputs. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2004
[30] TLC2543 模数转换器数据手册及应用笔记. 武汉力源电力股份有限公司. 1999
[31] 王宜怀. 单片机原理及其嵌入式应用教程. 希望电子出版社.2002
[32] Jeon I Moon Jung Sub Kim. A hardware implementation of distributed network protocol. Computer Standards & Interfaces. 2005.27:221–232.
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[2] 中国互联网络信息中心. 中国互联网络发展状况统计报告. http://www.cnnic.net.cn/images/2006/download/2006011701.pdf. 2006.1
[3] 刘丹谱,郝建军,乐光新. WiMAX 无线宽带接入技术及其应用. 中兴通讯技术. 2008.2: 57-60
[4] IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access. http://wirelessman.org/
[5] Paul Piggin. WiMAX IN-DEPTH , IEEE Communications Engineer. 2004.10:37-39
[6] 孙明春,金敏. SCADA 系统及其应用. 自动化博览. 2000.4:12-14
[7] Williams R I. Handbook of SCADA Systems for the Oil and Gas Industry.1995
[8] AG Bruce,RLee. Aframework for the specification of SCADA data links. IEEE Transaction Power Systems. February .1994
[9] Duong Trung. MODERN SCADA SYSTEMS FOR OIL PIPELINES. Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. PCIC-95-32
[10] A llen,B radley Inc. SCADA system selection guide. Rockwell Automation. 1998. 7: 66-67
[11] 敬蜀蓉. 油田生产自动化集中监控模式的研究. 天津大学硕士学位论文. 2004
[12] 王会堂,李斌彩. 彩南油田自动化系统. 石油规划设计. 1996.7(4):10-12
[13] 王根潮,王庆如,朱建华. 抽油机井实时远程遥测技术. 油气井测试.2004.13(1):56-57
[14] 王建新,杨世风. 远程监控技术的发展现状和趋势. 国外电子测量技术. 2005.4:9-12
[15] 阳宪惠. 现场总线技术及应用. 清华大学出版社. 1999
[16] 张建华,战明 . 现场总线智能仪表及组态技术 . 微计算机信息 . 2006.22(6):175-176
[17] 件浩,黄维金. 无线数据传输技术在油井监测中的应用研究. 仪器仪表学报. 2004.25 (4):520-521
[18] K.G.Shin,C.Chou. Design and Evaluation of Real-Time Communication for Field bus-Based Manufacturing Systems. IEEE Transaction on Robots and Automation. 1996.12 (3):357-367
[19] 蔡卫峰. 无线通信 SCADA 系统的实现与应用. 电子技术应用. 2002.28 (8):61-63
[20] 龚银银,陈万忠,赵雷. 基于以太网的 SCADA 系统在油田中的应用. 应用科技. 2007.7:22-25
[21] 解怀仁,杨彬彦. 石油化工仪表控制系统选用手册. 化学工业出版社. 2004
[22] Qingcang Yu,BoChen,Harry H.Cheng. Web-Based Control System Design and Analysis. IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 2004.6(4):45-57
[23] S. Thomas,Vinay K. Chandra Design, Development and Commissioning of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Laboratory for Research and Training. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS.VOL. 19. NO. 3. AUGUST 2004
[24] David, Johnston, Jesse Walker. Overview of IEEE 802.16 Security. IEEE Security & Privacy.2004
[25] 陶波,丁汉,熊有伦. 基于嵌入式 internet 的工业控制. 测控技术. 2001.20 (8): 5-9
[26] 付剑,李建国,呼妍君. 基于 HCS12 单片机 SPI 的实时显示设计. 电子产品世界. 2006.10(20):67-69
[27] 陈揖国,杨洪茂. 游梁式抽油机的状态监测与故障诊断. 中国设备工程. 2003.1:37-39
[28] 王仪,柯先俊,孙思平. 抽油井工况自动远程监测在吐哈温米油田应用分析. 油气井测试. 2003.12(3):63-64
[29] TLC2543-EP 12-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converters with serial control and 11 analog inputs. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2004
[30] TLC2543 模数转换器数据手册及应用笔记. 武汉力源电力股份有限公司. 1999
[31] 王宜怀. 单片机原理及其嵌入式应用教程. 希望电子出版社.2002
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