矩阵变换器调制策略优化及应用分析
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摘要
电力电子技术已成为柔性直流输电、新能源并网,电能质量治理等方面的关键技术。功率器件的飞速发展,促进了新型拓扑结构电路及相应控制算法、调制策略的深入研究,其中无直流环节交-交矩阵变换器因具备拓扑结构简洁、功率密度大、输入功率因数可调、四象限运行等优点,成为电力电子领域重要研究方向。本文围绕矩阵变换器控制机理展开分析,对其间接空间矢量调制策略进行了深入研究：
矩阵变换器间接空间矢量调制算法通过“虚拟整流器”+“虚拟逆变器”相结合控制模式进行综合调制,传统虚拟整流及虚拟逆变调制需对直接检测信号进行复杂坐标变换以获取相应控制量,调制过程涉及扇区判断及大量三角函数运算。基于三角函数解析直接检测信号关系,提出一种新型虚拟整流、虚拟逆变直接检测信号扇区判断及占空比计算方法。针对不对称运行工况,推导了直接检测信号的空间矢量调制系数前馈补偿控制方法。与传统间接空间矢量调制方法相比,该方法能省去a-β坐标变换与极坐标变换、简化程序实现流程。理论分析与实验仿真验证了所提出算法的正确性。
间接空间调制占空比组合方式繁冗,运行工况复杂。在第一阶段推出虚拟整流侧SVPWM简化算法的基础上,提出虚拟逆变侧无扇区空间矢量脉宽调制,建立非正交K-L120°坐标系,无需扇区判断直接求解虚拟逆变侧三相桥臂开关占空比。通过新型占空比与传统虚拟整流占空比区间结合,将常规矩阵式变换器虚拟整流+虚拟逆变调制算法扇区判断的36种工况缩减至18种,简化Matlab程序S函数编写流程并提高计算实时性。
深入研究非正交K-L120°坐标系与传统α-β90°坐标系在解析扇区划分和占空比计算上的内在联系,传统算法在解决α-β90°坐标系至扇区60°坐标系分解时存在复杂三角函数关系,导致扇区划分与占空比计算繁琐,物理意义不明确。基于非正交K-L1200坐标系,通过详细数理推导,提出一种物理意义明确,易于矩阵变换器实现的5段式空间矢量脉宽调制策略,进一步推导出适用于常规两电平整流、逆变装置的简化7段式空间矢量脉宽调制策略。
利用Matlab软件建立矩阵变换器非实时仿真模型,对提出的新型调制算法进行前期仿真验证；矩阵变换器运行及保护工况复杂,中期采用RTDS数字实时仿真与物理控制器进行闭环实验；最后利用双DSP数字控制系统,构建了一套柔性直流输电实验平台,对所提出矩阵变换器新型调制策略进行虚拟逆变实验验证。仿真及实验结果表明所提出调制策略正确有效。
Power electronics have become a key technology in flexible DC transmission, gird integration of renewable energy generation and power quality management. Development of power device has contributed to the further research of new topology of circuits and its corresponding control algorithm, among them, the AC-AC matrix converter without DC link has become an important research direction for its simple topology, high power density, adjustable input power factor and four quadrant operation. As a typical application of non-constant-amplitude PWM, this paper has conducted the following research:
The indirect space vector modulation approach of matrix converters (MC) can be synthesized by the fictitious rectifier and fictitious inverter. In traditional fictitious rectifier and fictitious inverter, complex coordinate transformation is required to acquire relevant control variable, and sectors judgment and quantity of trigonometric operations are involved in the modulation process. In this paper, trigonometric function analysis is applied to detect the signal relations directly, moreover, a novel sector judging and duty cycle calculation method in fictitious rectifier and fictitious inverter is proposed. Comparing with the traditional ISVM, this method can omits the α-β coordinate and polar coordinate transformation, thus, greatly simplify the calculation process.
Further research found that the combination algorithm of duty cycle in indirect space vector modulation is cumbersome and its operating conditions are complex. Based on the simplified SVPWM algorithm in the fictitious rectifier side, a no-sector space vector pulse width modulation was proposed in the fictitious inverter side, in which a non-orthogonal K-L120°coordinate system was established. In this way, the switch duty cycle of the three-phase bridge arm could be solved directly without judging sectors. By combining the novel duty cycle mode and traditional fictitious rectifier duty cycle section,36operation conditions in traditional algorithm are reduced to the number of18, therefore, greatly simplified the program of function S and enhanced the real-time performance.
After analyzing the consistency of K-L120°coordinate system and traditional a-β90°coordinate system in sector partition and duty cycle calculation, it is found that in traditional algorithms, complex trigonometric function analysis exists in the transformation from α-β90°coordinates to60°sector coordinate, thus the sector partition and duty cycle calculation are complex and lack of physical meaning. Based on the K-L120°coordinate system and math derivation, a easy-complemented SVPWM algorithm with a clear physical meaning is put forward.
In earlier stages, a non real-time simulation model of matrix converter is established in MATLAB, which verifies the novel modulation algorithm. Considering the complexity of Process and protection in matrix converter, RTDS (real time digital system) and physical controller are adopted to proceed a close-loop experiment in the middle of research. In the end, back-to-back experiment platform is established using dual DSP digital control system, which verifies the novel modulation strategy of matrix converter in fictitious inverter side. The feasibility and validity of the new approach is verified by both simulation and experimental results.
矩阵变换器间接空间矢量调制算法通过“虚拟整流器”+“虚拟逆变器”相结合控制模式进行综合调制,传统虚拟整流及虚拟逆变调制需对直接检测信号进行复杂坐标变换以获取相应控制量,调制过程涉及扇区判断及大量三角函数运算。基于三角函数解析直接检测信号关系,提出一种新型虚拟整流、虚拟逆变直接检测信号扇区判断及占空比计算方法。针对不对称运行工况,推导了直接检测信号的空间矢量调制系数前馈补偿控制方法。与传统间接空间矢量调制方法相比,该方法能省去a-β坐标变换与极坐标变换、简化程序实现流程。理论分析与实验仿真验证了所提出算法的正确性。
间接空间调制占空比组合方式繁冗,运行工况复杂。在第一阶段推出虚拟整流侧SVPWM简化算法的基础上,提出虚拟逆变侧无扇区空间矢量脉宽调制,建立非正交K-L120°坐标系,无需扇区判断直接求解虚拟逆变侧三相桥臂开关占空比。通过新型占空比与传统虚拟整流占空比区间结合,将常规矩阵式变换器虚拟整流+虚拟逆变调制算法扇区判断的36种工况缩减至18种,简化Matlab程序S函数编写流程并提高计算实时性。
深入研究非正交K-L120°坐标系与传统α-β90°坐标系在解析扇区划分和占空比计算上的内在联系,传统算法在解决α-β90°坐标系至扇区60°坐标系分解时存在复杂三角函数关系,导致扇区划分与占空比计算繁琐,物理意义不明确。基于非正交K-L1200坐标系,通过详细数理推导,提出一种物理意义明确,易于矩阵变换器实现的5段式空间矢量脉宽调制策略,进一步推导出适用于常规两电平整流、逆变装置的简化7段式空间矢量脉宽调制策略。
利用Matlab软件建立矩阵变换器非实时仿真模型,对提出的新型调制算法进行前期仿真验证；矩阵变换器运行及保护工况复杂,中期采用RTDS数字实时仿真与物理控制器进行闭环实验；最后利用双DSP数字控制系统,构建了一套柔性直流输电实验平台,对所提出矩阵变换器新型调制策略进行虚拟逆变实验验证。仿真及实验结果表明所提出调制策略正确有效。
Power electronics have become a key technology in flexible DC transmission, gird integration of renewable energy generation and power quality management. Development of power device has contributed to the further research of new topology of circuits and its corresponding control algorithm, among them, the AC-AC matrix converter without DC link has become an important research direction for its simple topology, high power density, adjustable input power factor and four quadrant operation. As a typical application of non-constant-amplitude PWM, this paper has conducted the following research:
The indirect space vector modulation approach of matrix converters (MC) can be synthesized by the fictitious rectifier and fictitious inverter. In traditional fictitious rectifier and fictitious inverter, complex coordinate transformation is required to acquire relevant control variable, and sectors judgment and quantity of trigonometric operations are involved in the modulation process. In this paper, trigonometric function analysis is applied to detect the signal relations directly, moreover, a novel sector judging and duty cycle calculation method in fictitious rectifier and fictitious inverter is proposed. Comparing with the traditional ISVM, this method can omits the α-β coordinate and polar coordinate transformation, thus, greatly simplify the calculation process.
Further research found that the combination algorithm of duty cycle in indirect space vector modulation is cumbersome and its operating conditions are complex. Based on the simplified SVPWM algorithm in the fictitious rectifier side, a no-sector space vector pulse width modulation was proposed in the fictitious inverter side, in which a non-orthogonal K-L120°coordinate system was established. In this way, the switch duty cycle of the three-phase bridge arm could be solved directly without judging sectors. By combining the novel duty cycle mode and traditional fictitious rectifier duty cycle section,36operation conditions in traditional algorithm are reduced to the number of18, therefore, greatly simplified the program of function S and enhanced the real-time performance.
After analyzing the consistency of K-L120°coordinate system and traditional a-β90°coordinate system in sector partition and duty cycle calculation, it is found that in traditional algorithms, complex trigonometric function analysis exists in the transformation from α-β90°coordinates to60°sector coordinate, thus the sector partition and duty cycle calculation are complex and lack of physical meaning. Based on the K-L120°coordinate system and math derivation, a easy-complemented SVPWM algorithm with a clear physical meaning is put forward.
In earlier stages, a non real-time simulation model of matrix converter is established in MATLAB, which verifies the novel modulation algorithm. Considering the complexity of Process and protection in matrix converter, RTDS (real time digital system) and physical controller are adopted to proceed a close-loop experiment in the middle of research. In the end, back-to-back experiment platform is established using dual DSP digital control system, which verifies the novel modulation strategy of matrix converter in fictitious inverter side. The feasibility and validity of the new approach is verified by both simulation and experimental results.
引文
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