水闸监控系统的设计与应用研究
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摘要
随着信息化在水利行业的大力推广,作为水利信息化的重要组成部分的水闸监控系统也日益受到重视。利用先进的计算机网络技术、自动控制技术、通信技术和传感器技术建立水闸监控系统,实现水闸的集中控制和管理,对防治水害、加强水资源统一管理、降低运行成本、保障水利持续发展具有十分深远的意义。
首先对系统总体框架进行了研究与设计。介绍了系统设计原则,分析了系统功能特点,讨论了系统通信方式,分析了分布式闸门控制和集中式闸门控制两种系统结构,在此基础上结合现场监控系统的实际情况提出了以工业以太网为主要通信平台的分层分布式结构的设计方案,并对其硬件组成、软件方案和系统保护措施进行了介绍。
对于闸门启闭控制,为了减小启动时对电动机的冲击电流、热冲击负荷及对电网的影响,研究了软启动原理、特性、类型,设计了软启动控制电气原理图,并详细介绍了电机软启动的工作流程,实现了对闸门启闭电机的软启动控制、运行监视和保护。
闸门升降控制采用具有体积小、起重量大、负载刚性大、自动化程度高、安全可靠性好等特点的液压启闭机控制闸门升降,介绍了液压控制系统工作原理和控制要求,同时针对液压启闭过程中同步策略进行了研究,给出了一种解决方案,实现了闸门的可靠升降控制。
在上述研究的基础上,进行了现控层和集控层控制的软硬件设计,包括现场数据的采集、逻辑控制单元、系统通信网络的构建,监控组态软件的应用和设计等,给出了一个完整的水闸监控系统的设计和实现过程。
最后,本文通过将模糊控制与PLC相结合,设计了一种水位模糊控制器,利用PLC实现模糊控制,既提高了系统的自动化水平,又提高了控制系统的智能化程度。
Along with the development of information technology in water resource industry, Sluice Monitoring System is attracted more and more attention. The establishment of Sluice monitoring system by making use of advanced computer network technology、automatic control technology、communications technology and sensor technology, achieving the centralized control and management of Sluice, has very far-reaching significance of the prevention and treatment of water damage, as well as strengthening the unified management of water resources ,reducing operating costs and protecting the sustainable development of water resources.
Firstly, the paper studied and designed the whole framework of the system. Design principles of the system are introduced as well as the function of system was analyzed and the communication method of the system was discussed, two system frameworks were provided, distributed sluice control system and centralized sluice control system, with a comparatively analysis of the both., a design scheme of centralized delamination frame mode was provided according to the actuality of the local monitoring and control system. It also introduced the hardware and software project and a variety of protective measures of system.
According to the control of Sluice's movements, In order to reduce the inrush of the current and the load as well as the impact of power grid ,the paper studied the principle、characteristics and type of soft-start ,designed the electrical schematics of the Soft Starter, and introduced the word progress of the soft starter in detail ,achieved the control surveillance and protection of the motor.
According to the control of Sluice's movements, the paper used hydraulic hoist to control which had characteristics of small volume, big lifting weight and rigid load、a high degree of automation, security, reliability and so on , for liquid Hoist pressure in the course of a synchronized strategy for research, showed a solution to achieve the reliability control of the gate's movements.
and then introduced the realizition of local layer and central layer in detail including the Field data acquisition unit, logic control unit, the system construction of communication networks and the design and application of monitoring and control software, finally showed the design and realization process of the whole sluice-group control system.
According to the water level control strategy, this paper designed a water level fuzzy control system, through combining PLC and fuzzy control technology to achieve fuzzy control not only improve the level of automation, but also improve the intelligence of the system.
首先对系统总体框架进行了研究与设计。介绍了系统设计原则,分析了系统功能特点,讨论了系统通信方式,分析了分布式闸门控制和集中式闸门控制两种系统结构,在此基础上结合现场监控系统的实际情况提出了以工业以太网为主要通信平台的分层分布式结构的设计方案,并对其硬件组成、软件方案和系统保护措施进行了介绍。
对于闸门启闭控制,为了减小启动时对电动机的冲击电流、热冲击负荷及对电网的影响,研究了软启动原理、特性、类型,设计了软启动控制电气原理图,并详细介绍了电机软启动的工作流程,实现了对闸门启闭电机的软启动控制、运行监视和保护。
闸门升降控制采用具有体积小、起重量大、负载刚性大、自动化程度高、安全可靠性好等特点的液压启闭机控制闸门升降,介绍了液压控制系统工作原理和控制要求,同时针对液压启闭过程中同步策略进行了研究,给出了一种解决方案,实现了闸门的可靠升降控制。
在上述研究的基础上,进行了现控层和集控层控制的软硬件设计,包括现场数据的采集、逻辑控制单元、系统通信网络的构建,监控组态软件的应用和设计等,给出了一个完整的水闸监控系统的设计和实现过程。
最后,本文通过将模糊控制与PLC相结合,设计了一种水位模糊控制器,利用PLC实现模糊控制,既提高了系统的自动化水平,又提高了控制系统的智能化程度。
Along with the development of information technology in water resource industry, Sluice Monitoring System is attracted more and more attention. The establishment of Sluice monitoring system by making use of advanced computer network technology、automatic control technology、communications technology and sensor technology, achieving the centralized control and management of Sluice, has very far-reaching significance of the prevention and treatment of water damage, as well as strengthening the unified management of water resources ,reducing operating costs and protecting the sustainable development of water resources.
Firstly, the paper studied and designed the whole framework of the system. Design principles of the system are introduced as well as the function of system was analyzed and the communication method of the system was discussed, two system frameworks were provided, distributed sluice control system and centralized sluice control system, with a comparatively analysis of the both., a design scheme of centralized delamination frame mode was provided according to the actuality of the local monitoring and control system. It also introduced the hardware and software project and a variety of protective measures of system.
According to the control of Sluice's movements, In order to reduce the inrush of the current and the load as well as the impact of power grid ,the paper studied the principle、characteristics and type of soft-start ,designed the electrical schematics of the Soft Starter, and introduced the word progress of the soft starter in detail ,achieved the control surveillance and protection of the motor.
According to the control of Sluice's movements, the paper used hydraulic hoist to control which had characteristics of small volume, big lifting weight and rigid load、a high degree of automation, security, reliability and so on , for liquid Hoist pressure in the course of a synchronized strategy for research, showed a solution to achieve the reliability control of the gate's movements.
and then introduced the realizition of local layer and central layer in detail including the Field data acquisition unit, logic control unit, the system construction of communication networks and the design and application of monitoring and control software, finally showed the design and realization process of the whole sluice-group control system.
According to the water level control strategy, this paper designed a water level fuzzy control system, through combining PLC and fuzzy control technology to achieve fuzzy control not only improve the level of automation, but also improve the intelligence of the system.
引文
[1]蒋元广.水闸自动化监控系统的设计与研究:[硕士学位论文].河海大学,2002.
[2]刘晓辉.以太网组网技术大全.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[3]顾燕,徐立中,孙保平,刘大奎.基于现场总线的分布式闸门监控系统.水利水文自动化,2001,(2):16-18
[4]陈海霞,任庆海.基于工业以太网的闸门自动监控系统.水利水文自动化,2006:12-14
[5]Jasperneite,J,Schumacher,M.,Weber,K.,Limits of increasing the performance of Industrial Ethernet protocols.Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation.IEEE Conference on,2007.17-24
[6]顾洪军.工业企业网与现场总线技术及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002
[7]Fritsch,A.Industrial Ethernet Goes Process Automation And What About Explosion Protection.Electrical and Instrumentation Applications in the Petroleum & Chemical Industry,2007.PCIC Eurooe 2007.4th Eurooean Conference on.2007.1-7
[8]雷天觉.液压工程手册.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001
[9]明仁雄,万会雄.液压与气压传动.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[10]郭加宏,陈红勋.液压水闸纠偏运行的计算机监控系统设计.水利水电技术,2004,35(5):124-126
[11]周岸,田勇,周全申,董彬.双吊点闸门液压启闭机同步系统概述.机电产品开发与创新,2006,19(4):140-141
[12]张秀芝,胡汉梅.泄洪大坝弧形闸门双缸液压启闭机自动控制系统.中国科技信息,2006,(15):30-34
[13]李力强.液压启闭机在水利水电工程中的应用.吉林水利,996(3):22-24.
[14]熊绍钧.水利水电液压设备的发展现状.液压与气动,1997(3):3-5.
[15]马德新,工翠萍,贾洪权.液压启闭机双缸同步问题的探讨.水利电力机械,2005,27(6):30-31
[16]张宏略.液压同步系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].河海大学,1992.
[17]Wei Gu,Jianxin Chu,Shihong Gan.Starting Performance Research of a High-power Middle-voltage Induction Motor Soft Starter Based on the On-off Transformer.Industrial Electronics,2006 IEEE International Symposium on,2006,(3):2063-2068
[18]伍红辉.PLC控制的电机软启动抽水系统.机电工程技术.2005,(7):76-78
[19]杨伟,吴茂刚.电机软启动器的原理与应用.农机化研究,2005(2):205-207
[20]马开连.软启动器在深井泵电动机上的应用.齐鲁石油化工,2003,31(2):108-109
[21]Wen Xiong,JianGuo Lu,MingSheng Liu,Jie Zhao.Design of intelligent soft-start controller for induction motor Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2004.Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on,2004,(2):908-912
[22]Di Piazza,M.C.,Ragusa,A.,Tine,G.,Vitale,G.A soft start technique to minimize EMI implications in dual voltage vehicle electrical system,IECON 02 Industrial Electronics Society,IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference of the].2002,11(2):1229-1234
[23]许宏纲.软起动器原理及应用.能源技术,2002,(6):132-135.
[24]Wen-Xiong Li,Jian-Guo Lu,Ming-Sheng Liu,Jie Zhao.Design of intelligent soft-start controller for induction motor,Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2004.Proceedings of 2004International Conference on,2004,2:908-912
[25]D.Li,Chongquan Zhong,Xiaofeng Yuan;Li Zhang;Liqian Zhang.Study on Embedded Equipment Web Monitoring and Control Based on Industrial Ethernet.Intelligent Control and Automation,The Sixth World Congress on,2006,1:4600-4603
[26]Qing Liu,Yingmei Li.Modbus/TCP based Network Control System for Water Process in the Firepower Plant.Intelligent Control and Automation,The Sixth World Congress on,2006:432-435
[27]王常力,廖道文.集散型控制系统的设计与应用.北京:清华大学出社,1993.6
[28]侯朝桢.分布式计算机控制系统.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1997.
[29]袁忠,刘平.闸门开度测量与控制.水利水电技术,1994,10:50-53.
[30]Yilmaz,S.,Cakir,B.,Gedik,A.,Dincer,H..Speed control of a conveyor system by means of fuzzy control aided PLC,Industrial Electronics,Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on,1999,3:1328-1332
[31]代燕,周口农.闸门自控系统的应用.海河水利,2002,3:41-42.
[32]汤子瀛,哲凤屏.计算机网络技术及其应用.西安:电子科技大学出版社,2005.8.
[33]梅晓莉.闸门流量智能控制系统研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学,2007.
[34]冯磊.基于GSM的水位测量与水量控制系统研究:[硕士学位论文].兰州理大学,2007
[35]北京亚控公司.组态王Kingview6.5.帮助文档.
[36]陈在平,赵相宾.可编程控制器技术与应用系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[37]顾战松,陈铁年.可编程控制器原理及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[38]Hasegawa,T.Furuhashi,T.Uchikawa,Y.Approximated discrete system of fuzzy control system and stability analysis.Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on, 1996(2):8-11
[39]Jingzhao Li;Chongwei Zhang.Study of fuzzy controller based on analysis method with PLC Intelligent Control and Automation,Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on,2002,4:3076-3079
[40]王新房,邹沛,夏建明.模糊控制在灌区水位自动控制中的应用.微电子学与计算机,2005,22(1):98-100
[41]Yen-Shin Lai,Jennshing Wang,Zhong-Oing Lin,et al.Internet-based monitoring and control of fuzzy-controlled inverter system,IECON 02[Industrial Electronics Society,IEEE 200228th Annual Conference of the],2002,3:5-8
[42]Wei Jingyi,Fan Yinhai.A fuzzy PID controller for ship course based on engineering tuning methods.Info-tech and Info-net.2001 International Conferences on,2001,4:376-381
[43]马勇,杜岗.模糊控制在闸门控制中的应用.工况自动化,2008,(1):34-35
[44]lijima,N.,Koizumi,k.,Mitsui,H.,Sone,M..Fuzzy control design system based on DSP,Fuzzy Systems,1994.IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence,Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on.1994,3:1786-1790
[45]Jiangjiang Wang,Dawei An,Chengzhi Lou.Application of Fuzzy-PID Controller in Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning System,Mechatronics and Automation,Proceedings of the 2006IEEE International Conference on,2006:2217-2222,
[46]Yihua Li,Wennan Lin,Maojun Li.Symmetry Theorem of Fuzzy Control Table,Intelligent Systems Design and Applications.Sixth International Conference on,2006.285-287
[47]Furuhashi,T,Kakami,H,Peters,J,Pedrycz,W.A stability analysis of fuzzy control system using a generalized fuzzy Petri net model,Fuzzy Systems Proceedings,IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence.1998,5(1):95-100
[48]Shihao Yang,Weilian Qu,Mingyan Zheng.Optimized Fuzzy Semi-active Control of How-induced Vibration of Hydraulic Arch Sluice.Intelligent Control and Automation,The Sixth World Congress on,2006,6(2):21-23
[2]刘晓辉.以太网组网技术大全.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[3]顾燕,徐立中,孙保平,刘大奎.基于现场总线的分布式闸门监控系统.水利水文自动化,2001,(2):16-18
[4]陈海霞,任庆海.基于工业以太网的闸门自动监控系统.水利水文自动化,2006:12-14
[5]Jasperneite,J,Schumacher,M.,Weber,K.,Limits of increasing the performance of Industrial Ethernet protocols.Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation.IEEE Conference on,2007.17-24
[6]顾洪军.工业企业网与现场总线技术及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002
[7]Fritsch,A.Industrial Ethernet Goes Process Automation And What About Explosion Protection.Electrical and Instrumentation Applications in the Petroleum & Chemical Industry,2007.PCIC Eurooe 2007.4th Eurooean Conference on.2007.1-7
[8]雷天觉.液压工程手册.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001
[9]明仁雄,万会雄.液压与气压传动.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[10]郭加宏,陈红勋.液压水闸纠偏运行的计算机监控系统设计.水利水电技术,2004,35(5):124-126
[11]周岸,田勇,周全申,董彬.双吊点闸门液压启闭机同步系统概述.机电产品开发与创新,2006,19(4):140-141
[12]张秀芝,胡汉梅.泄洪大坝弧形闸门双缸液压启闭机自动控制系统.中国科技信息,2006,(15):30-34
[13]李力强.液压启闭机在水利水电工程中的应用.吉林水利,996(3):22-24.
[14]熊绍钧.水利水电液压设备的发展现状.液压与气动,1997(3):3-5.
[15]马德新,工翠萍,贾洪权.液压启闭机双缸同步问题的探讨.水利电力机械,2005,27(6):30-31
[16]张宏略.液压同步系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].河海大学,1992.
[17]Wei Gu,Jianxin Chu,Shihong Gan.Starting Performance Research of a High-power Middle-voltage Induction Motor Soft Starter Based on the On-off Transformer.Industrial Electronics,2006 IEEE International Symposium on,2006,(3):2063-2068
[18]伍红辉.PLC控制的电机软启动抽水系统.机电工程技术.2005,(7):76-78
[19]杨伟,吴茂刚.电机软启动器的原理与应用.农机化研究,2005(2):205-207
[20]马开连.软启动器在深井泵电动机上的应用.齐鲁石油化工,2003,31(2):108-109
[21]Wen Xiong,JianGuo Lu,MingSheng Liu,Jie Zhao.Design of intelligent soft-start controller for induction motor Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2004.Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on,2004,(2):908-912
[22]Di Piazza,M.C.,Ragusa,A.,Tine,G.,Vitale,G.A soft start technique to minimize EMI implications in dual voltage vehicle electrical system,IECON 02 Industrial Electronics Society,IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference of the].2002,11(2):1229-1234
[23]许宏纲.软起动器原理及应用.能源技术,2002,(6):132-135.
[24]Wen-Xiong Li,Jian-Guo Lu,Ming-Sheng Liu,Jie Zhao.Design of intelligent soft-start controller for induction motor,Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2004.Proceedings of 2004International Conference on,2004,2:908-912
[25]D.Li,Chongquan Zhong,Xiaofeng Yuan;Li Zhang;Liqian Zhang.Study on Embedded Equipment Web Monitoring and Control Based on Industrial Ethernet.Intelligent Control and Automation,The Sixth World Congress on,2006,1:4600-4603
[26]Qing Liu,Yingmei Li.Modbus/TCP based Network Control System for Water Process in the Firepower Plant.Intelligent Control and Automation,The Sixth World Congress on,2006:432-435
[27]王常力,廖道文.集散型控制系统的设计与应用.北京:清华大学出社,1993.6
[28]侯朝桢.分布式计算机控制系统.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1997.
[29]袁忠,刘平.闸门开度测量与控制.水利水电技术,1994,10:50-53.
[30]Yilmaz,S.,Cakir,B.,Gedik,A.,Dincer,H..Speed control of a conveyor system by means of fuzzy control aided PLC,Industrial Electronics,Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on,1999,3:1328-1332
[31]代燕,周口农.闸门自控系统的应用.海河水利,2002,3:41-42.
[32]汤子瀛,哲凤屏.计算机网络技术及其应用.西安:电子科技大学出版社,2005.8.
[33]梅晓莉.闸门流量智能控制系统研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学,2007.
[34]冯磊.基于GSM的水位测量与水量控制系统研究:[硕士学位论文].兰州理大学,2007
[35]北京亚控公司.组态王Kingview6.5.帮助文档.
[36]陈在平,赵相宾.可编程控制器技术与应用系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[37]顾战松,陈铁年.可编程控制器原理及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[38]Hasegawa,T.Furuhashi,T.Uchikawa,Y.Approximated discrete system of fuzzy control system and stability analysis.Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on, 1996(2):8-11
[39]Jingzhao Li;Chongwei Zhang.Study of fuzzy controller based on analysis method with PLC Intelligent Control and Automation,Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on,2002,4:3076-3079
[40]王新房,邹沛,夏建明.模糊控制在灌区水位自动控制中的应用.微电子学与计算机,2005,22(1):98-100
[41]Yen-Shin Lai,Jennshing Wang,Zhong-Oing Lin,et al.Internet-based monitoring and control of fuzzy-controlled inverter system,IECON 02[Industrial Electronics Society,IEEE 200228th Annual Conference of the],2002,3:5-8
[42]Wei Jingyi,Fan Yinhai.A fuzzy PID controller for ship course based on engineering tuning methods.Info-tech and Info-net.2001 International Conferences on,2001,4:376-381
[43]马勇,杜岗.模糊控制在闸门控制中的应用.工况自动化,2008,(1):34-35
[44]lijima,N.,Koizumi,k.,Mitsui,H.,Sone,M..Fuzzy control design system based on DSP,Fuzzy Systems,1994.IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence,Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on.1994,3:1786-1790
[45]Jiangjiang Wang,Dawei An,Chengzhi Lou.Application of Fuzzy-PID Controller in Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning System,Mechatronics and Automation,Proceedings of the 2006IEEE International Conference on,2006:2217-2222,
[46]Yihua Li,Wennan Lin,Maojun Li.Symmetry Theorem of Fuzzy Control Table,Intelligent Systems Design and Applications.Sixth International Conference on,2006.285-287
[47]Furuhashi,T,Kakami,H,Peters,J,Pedrycz,W.A stability analysis of fuzzy control system using a generalized fuzzy Petri net model,Fuzzy Systems Proceedings,IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence.1998,5(1):95-100
[48]Shihao Yang,Weilian Qu,Mingyan Zheng.Optimized Fuzzy Semi-active Control of How-induced Vibration of Hydraulic Arch Sluice.Intelligent Control and Automation,The Sixth World Congress on,2006,6(2):21-23