大冶铁矿深部开采过渡期低贫损安全开采技术研究
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摘要
崩落采矿法在我国地下开采矿山中应用十分广泛,随着地下开采深度的逐年增加,地下采场出现的地压问题越来越严重,为了维持采场的安全稳定,有必要对矿山的采矿方法进行改变。随着地下矿山进入深部开采,充填采矿法取代崩落采矿法回采矿石势在必行。充填采矿法的采用可有效减少高地压带来的诸多问题,并能达到低贫损的开采目标。
以大冶铁矿东采区浅部转深部开采为研究背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟等方法,对采矿方法过渡区的稳定性进行分析,为过渡期低贫损开采提供指导,确保矿山产量顺利衔接,矿压显现可控,为大冶铁矿全面进入深部开采提供指导。论文的主要研究成果有：
(1)阐述了深部开采条件下,岩体的力学特性以及破碎机理,分析了矿山压力的显现形式以及矿岩的破碎机理。
(2)基于无底柱分段崩落法以及充填采矿法的适用条件,分析了深部开采条件下,充填采矿法取代无底柱分段崩落法的必要性、可行性以及合理性。
(3)通过经典力学的方法设计的采矿方法过渡区厚度为10m,安全系数为1.3；应用大型数值计算软件FLAC3D建模,对过渡区在开采过程中的应力、应变状况进行模拟研究,研究了充填采矿法回采过程中采场以及过渡区应力、应变变化规律,验证了过渡区安全厚度设计的可行性。
(4)基于不同的目标函数及其相关的约束条件,采用编程语言C#,开发了采矿方法过渡期实时配矿系统,该配矿系统对于大冶铁矿深部开采过渡期低贫损开采、出矿具有工程指导意义。
Caving mining method has been widely used in underground mines in our country. But with the underground mining depth increasing year by year, the mining ground pressure problems appearing in the mining field are more and more serious. In order to maintain the safety and stability of stope, it is necessary to transform the mining methods. With the development of deep mining, it is imperative to adopt filling mining method instead of caving mining method. Filling mining method can not only reduce many problems brought by high ground pressure, but also can achieve the goal of low-dilution-loss mining.
Taking the transformation from shallow to deep mining in east section of Daye Iron mine as the background, the paper employs some methods such as theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods to analyze the stability of transition zone of mining method and provide guidance for low-dilution-loss mining so as to ensure the smooth link of mine output and the control of mine pressure laws, thus provide guidance for overall transformation to deep mining of Daye iron mine. The main research achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) The paper elaborated on the mechanics properties of rock mass and the principle of crushing mechanism in the conditions of deep mining, and analyzed manifestation forms of mining pressure and crushing mechanism principles of rock.
(2) Based on the applicable conditions of sub-level caving without sill pillar method and filling mining method, the paper analyzed the necessity, feasibility and rationality of filling mining method replacing sub-level caving without sill pillar method.
(3) According to the method design in classical mechanics, the thickness of transition zone is10m, with1.3safety coefficient. By using large scale numerical calculation software FLAC3D modeling, the stress-strain condition of transition zone in the mining process were analogy studied and the stress-strain changing rules of mining stope during the process of filling mining were analyzed, as well as the feasibility of safety and thickness of transition zone was verified.
(4) Based on different objective functions and their related constraints conditions, the real-time ore matching system of mining method transition was developed by adopting the programming language C#, which is of profound guiding significance to low-dilution-loss mining and ore engineering during the process of deep mining transition of Daye iron mine.
以大冶铁矿东采区浅部转深部开采为研究背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟等方法,对采矿方法过渡区的稳定性进行分析,为过渡期低贫损开采提供指导,确保矿山产量顺利衔接,矿压显现可控,为大冶铁矿全面进入深部开采提供指导。论文的主要研究成果有：
(1)阐述了深部开采条件下,岩体的力学特性以及破碎机理,分析了矿山压力的显现形式以及矿岩的破碎机理。
(2)基于无底柱分段崩落法以及充填采矿法的适用条件,分析了深部开采条件下,充填采矿法取代无底柱分段崩落法的必要性、可行性以及合理性。
(3)通过经典力学的方法设计的采矿方法过渡区厚度为10m,安全系数为1.3；应用大型数值计算软件FLAC3D建模,对过渡区在开采过程中的应力、应变状况进行模拟研究,研究了充填采矿法回采过程中采场以及过渡区应力、应变变化规律,验证了过渡区安全厚度设计的可行性。
(4)基于不同的目标函数及其相关的约束条件,采用编程语言C#,开发了采矿方法过渡期实时配矿系统,该配矿系统对于大冶铁矿深部开采过渡期低贫损开采、出矿具有工程指导意义。
Caving mining method has been widely used in underground mines in our country. But with the underground mining depth increasing year by year, the mining ground pressure problems appearing in the mining field are more and more serious. In order to maintain the safety and stability of stope, it is necessary to transform the mining methods. With the development of deep mining, it is imperative to adopt filling mining method instead of caving mining method. Filling mining method can not only reduce many problems brought by high ground pressure, but also can achieve the goal of low-dilution-loss mining.
Taking the transformation from shallow to deep mining in east section of Daye Iron mine as the background, the paper employs some methods such as theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods to analyze the stability of transition zone of mining method and provide guidance for low-dilution-loss mining so as to ensure the smooth link of mine output and the control of mine pressure laws, thus provide guidance for overall transformation to deep mining of Daye iron mine. The main research achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) The paper elaborated on the mechanics properties of rock mass and the principle of crushing mechanism in the conditions of deep mining, and analyzed manifestation forms of mining pressure and crushing mechanism principles of rock.
(2) Based on the applicable conditions of sub-level caving without sill pillar method and filling mining method, the paper analyzed the necessity, feasibility and rationality of filling mining method replacing sub-level caving without sill pillar method.
(3) According to the method design in classical mechanics, the thickness of transition zone is10m, with1.3safety coefficient. By using large scale numerical calculation software FLAC3D modeling, the stress-strain condition of transition zone in the mining process were analogy studied and the stress-strain changing rules of mining stope during the process of filling mining were analyzed, as well as the feasibility of safety and thickness of transition zone was verified.
(4) Based on different objective functions and their related constraints conditions, the real-time ore matching system of mining method transition was developed by adopting the programming language C#, which is of profound guiding significance to low-dilution-loss mining and ore engineering during the process of deep mining transition of Daye iron mine.
引文
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