钻井过程油气快速定量化检测技术及应用研究
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摘要
随钻油气检测技术可以对钻井过程中的地下油气情况进行实时检测和评价,有助于及时发现并评价解释油气层。目前随钻油气检测的主要手段是气体色谱分析方法,利用色谱原理将钻井液体中的饱和烷烃脱离出来并进行检测、评价。该技术存在着检测方法不标准、分析速度慢、油气评价非定量化的问题,制约着该技术的发展和推广。论文针对随钻气体检测技术存在的问题进行了分析探讨,取得以下创新成果。
提出了一种新型的定量钻井液的脱气方法。通过分析钻井液循环气体存在的运移模式,引入了钻井液引流概念,设计了一种泥浆引流装置,保证了钻井液流量的稳定性,并减少了钻井液运移中的气体散失;设计了一种新型隔离空气的脱气器,实现非空气接触的钻井液脱气;发明了一种新型的自动压力平衡器,实现了不补充空气条件下脱气器的压力平衡。
通过对快速色谱技术理论分析,系统总结了提高气体检测分析速度的方法。从优化最小分辨率、色谱柱选择性、工作参数等三个基本途径入手,明确了影响气体检测分析速度的各个因素。通过实验研究,确定了适合现场气体分析的色谱柱条件,在此基础上研制了一种新型的专用快速色谱柱。以快速色谱柱为核心,结合微电流检测技术,研制了一种快速油气检测仪,提高了油气检测的精度和分析速度,指标达到了1ppm的检测浓度和30s分析周期。
提出了一种可行的在线气体校正方法,通过标志性气体与地面检测气体值进行参照对比,可以进行实时的气体校正。实验证明该方法可以消除各种干扰因素,实现地下油气的定量化检测。研制了基于钻井油气检测技术综合录井仪并已在现场使用,录井仪采用模块化设计,核心模块采用了本文的研究成果。
基于当今最新发展的气体检测技术,探讨了随钻地下油气检测的策略,构建了相应的系统框架。作为油气地下检测的技术关键,分析了基于电导率检测、红外气体检测、声波干涉检测的综合油气检测方法;对基于红外方式的油气检测模式进行了可行性论证和先导性研究。实验证明,红外气体检测方式与传统气体检测方式具有非常好的相关性,可以用于地下的气体检测。
对气测法进行水平井钻井轨迹监测的可行性进行了研究,利用快速色谱分析结合油气实时评价进行水平井钻井轨迹监测。采用3h(湿度-Wh、平衡度-Bh、特征度-Ch)解释方法作为随钻的油气分层手段,建立了进行水平井轨迹监测的多种模型。通过油气解释评价模型结合随钻实时油气信息,在专家系统的指导下,能实现水平井钻井轨迹的实时监测,并实现了产品化。
The logging while drilling techniques of oil and gas helps to test and evaluate the conditions of the underground oil and gas during drilling, and to find, to evaluate and interpret the oil and gas zones. The main method of oil and gas testing is the gas chromatography. This method uses the chromatography principle to separate the saturated paraffin (such as methane, ethane, propane, normal butane, iso-butane, pentane, normal pentane, iso-pentane, etc) from the mud and then tests and evaluates them. This thesis is based on the objective of the well site logging while drilling practice. Through the researches of some key techniques concerning mud degassing, gas testing and analyses, oil evaluation and underground logging while drilling, etc , some remarkable progresses have been made in the research of several key factors in the detection of oil and gas. The main innovative achievements involved in this thesis are as follows:
A newly developed mud degassing method is proposed. As responding to the low efficiency of existing degassers and their shortcomings of vulnerable to the environment, through analyzing the basic principle of mud degassing, a method of quantitative out flow of mud is put forward and designed to eliminate the leakage of gas in the mud from the well bore, to help realizing the quantification of mud degassing. Based on the analyses of the theory of mud degassing, a new degassing method of air isolation is drew out and a new type degasser is designed and an air equalizer is developed to realize air isolation degassing from the mud. Well site experiments have proved that the new degassing method possesses the advantages of high efficiency, low affection from the environment and quantitative.
Through the fast chromatography analysis, a new method of fast gas testing and analyzing is put forward. Through the three basic approaches of optimizing the resolution; maximizing the range of sample selectivity of the chromatography and reducing the amount of time for analyzing the sample at the assurance of a stable resolution, various factors affecting the analysis of oil and gas have been analyzed. Through experiments, a new type of specific use of chromatography column is designed. Based on fast chromatography column and micro current amplifier, a new kind of online gas and oil instrument is designed. The span of detection is from 1×10-6 to 100%, the analysis period is shortened to 30s.
By analyzing the uncertain factors which affect the performance of oil & gas test, a conclusion is drawn: mathematics revise can not successfully eliminate the uncertainties to realize the quantitative test of the underground gas & oil. Based on this conclusion, a new method is brought out to test the oil & gas underground quantitatively. In this method, the gas logging on the surface is compared with a certain density gas injected as a reference from the mud inlet and the actual gas density can be got in real time. Experiments show that the method can bypass uncertainties and realize the quantitative detection.
Considering the defects of existing surface gas logging techniques, a new concept of underground gas logging while drilling is put forward and a prototype framework is constructed .As the key part , the gas detection methods based on the principals of electrical conductivity, infrared ray gas testing and the interference of sound waves is put forward. The feasibility of the infrared gas detecting mode is discussed. Experiments show that the infrared gas detection method has perfect coherence with the traditional FID gas detection method, and can be used in well site.
The feasibility of using gas logging while drilling to monitor the drilling trajectory of horizontal well is discussed by analyzing the relationship between the variation of horizontal well’s drilling trajectory and oil & gas logging. A method integrating fast chromatography analysis and real-time oil & gas evaluation is proposed for the drilling trajectory monitoring of horizontal well. This method makes various models of horizontal well’s trajectory monitoring using the 3H method. An expert system uses these models and real-time oil & gas information to realize the real-time monitoring of horizontal well’s drilling trajectory. A novel mud logging instrument which has the world-leading performance (1ppm logging precision and 30s analysis cycle) is designed in a modularized manner based on the above mentioned techniques.
提出了一种新型的定量钻井液的脱气方法。通过分析钻井液循环气体存在的运移模式,引入了钻井液引流概念,设计了一种泥浆引流装置,保证了钻井液流量的稳定性,并减少了钻井液运移中的气体散失;设计了一种新型隔离空气的脱气器,实现非空气接触的钻井液脱气;发明了一种新型的自动压力平衡器,实现了不补充空气条件下脱气器的压力平衡。
通过对快速色谱技术理论分析,系统总结了提高气体检测分析速度的方法。从优化最小分辨率、色谱柱选择性、工作参数等三个基本途径入手,明确了影响气体检测分析速度的各个因素。通过实验研究,确定了适合现场气体分析的色谱柱条件,在此基础上研制了一种新型的专用快速色谱柱。以快速色谱柱为核心,结合微电流检测技术,研制了一种快速油气检测仪,提高了油气检测的精度和分析速度,指标达到了1ppm的检测浓度和30s分析周期。
提出了一种可行的在线气体校正方法,通过标志性气体与地面检测气体值进行参照对比,可以进行实时的气体校正。实验证明该方法可以消除各种干扰因素,实现地下油气的定量化检测。研制了基于钻井油气检测技术综合录井仪并已在现场使用,录井仪采用模块化设计,核心模块采用了本文的研究成果。
基于当今最新发展的气体检测技术,探讨了随钻地下油气检测的策略,构建了相应的系统框架。作为油气地下检测的技术关键,分析了基于电导率检测、红外气体检测、声波干涉检测的综合油气检测方法;对基于红外方式的油气检测模式进行了可行性论证和先导性研究。实验证明,红外气体检测方式与传统气体检测方式具有非常好的相关性,可以用于地下的气体检测。
对气测法进行水平井钻井轨迹监测的可行性进行了研究,利用快速色谱分析结合油气实时评价进行水平井钻井轨迹监测。采用3h(湿度-Wh、平衡度-Bh、特征度-Ch)解释方法作为随钻的油气分层手段,建立了进行水平井轨迹监测的多种模型。通过油气解释评价模型结合随钻实时油气信息,在专家系统的指导下,能实现水平井钻井轨迹的实时监测,并实现了产品化。
The logging while drilling techniques of oil and gas helps to test and evaluate the conditions of the underground oil and gas during drilling, and to find, to evaluate and interpret the oil and gas zones. The main method of oil and gas testing is the gas chromatography. This method uses the chromatography principle to separate the saturated paraffin (such as methane, ethane, propane, normal butane, iso-butane, pentane, normal pentane, iso-pentane, etc) from the mud and then tests and evaluates them. This thesis is based on the objective of the well site logging while drilling practice. Through the researches of some key techniques concerning mud degassing, gas testing and analyses, oil evaluation and underground logging while drilling, etc , some remarkable progresses have been made in the research of several key factors in the detection of oil and gas. The main innovative achievements involved in this thesis are as follows:
A newly developed mud degassing method is proposed. As responding to the low efficiency of existing degassers and their shortcomings of vulnerable to the environment, through analyzing the basic principle of mud degassing, a method of quantitative out flow of mud is put forward and designed to eliminate the leakage of gas in the mud from the well bore, to help realizing the quantification of mud degassing. Based on the analyses of the theory of mud degassing, a new degassing method of air isolation is drew out and a new type degasser is designed and an air equalizer is developed to realize air isolation degassing from the mud. Well site experiments have proved that the new degassing method possesses the advantages of high efficiency, low affection from the environment and quantitative.
Through the fast chromatography analysis, a new method of fast gas testing and analyzing is put forward. Through the three basic approaches of optimizing the resolution; maximizing the range of sample selectivity of the chromatography and reducing the amount of time for analyzing the sample at the assurance of a stable resolution, various factors affecting the analysis of oil and gas have been analyzed. Through experiments, a new type of specific use of chromatography column is designed. Based on fast chromatography column and micro current amplifier, a new kind of online gas and oil instrument is designed. The span of detection is from 1×10-6 to 100%, the analysis period is shortened to 30s.
By analyzing the uncertain factors which affect the performance of oil & gas test, a conclusion is drawn: mathematics revise can not successfully eliminate the uncertainties to realize the quantitative test of the underground gas & oil. Based on this conclusion, a new method is brought out to test the oil & gas underground quantitatively. In this method, the gas logging on the surface is compared with a certain density gas injected as a reference from the mud inlet and the actual gas density can be got in real time. Experiments show that the method can bypass uncertainties and realize the quantitative detection.
Considering the defects of existing surface gas logging techniques, a new concept of underground gas logging while drilling is put forward and a prototype framework is constructed .As the key part , the gas detection methods based on the principals of electrical conductivity, infrared ray gas testing and the interference of sound waves is put forward. The feasibility of the infrared gas detecting mode is discussed. Experiments show that the infrared gas detection method has perfect coherence with the traditional FID gas detection method, and can be used in well site.
The feasibility of using gas logging while drilling to monitor the drilling trajectory of horizontal well is discussed by analyzing the relationship between the variation of horizontal well’s drilling trajectory and oil & gas logging. A method integrating fast chromatography analysis and real-time oil & gas evaluation is proposed for the drilling trajectory monitoring of horizontal well. This method makes various models of horizontal well’s trajectory monitoring using the 3H method. An expert system uses these models and real-time oil & gas information to realize the real-time monitoring of horizontal well’s drilling trajectory. A novel mud logging instrument which has the world-leading performance (1ppm logging precision and 30s analysis cycle) is designed in a modularized manner based on the above mentioned techniques.
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