棉籽油季铵盐缓蚀剂在酸性溶液中对N80钢的缓蚀性能研究
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摘要
油井酸化是国内外普遍采用的一种油井增产技术,但大量酸液的使用会对所涉及的金属造成严重的腐蚀。为减少金属的腐蚀和酸液的消耗,缓蚀剂保护技术广泛应用在这一过程中,研制开发合乎生产实践要求的缓蚀剂至关重要。缓蚀性能和机理的研究是更好地进行缓蚀剂开发的前提,因而系统地探讨缓蚀特征及吸附行为对理论研究和实际应用都具有重要意义。为了提高效益和控制成本,缓蚀协同效应的研究成为近年来缓蚀剂研究上作中的一个重要内容和热点。与此同时,上业界和学术界也逐渐意识到酸化缓蚀剂对环境造成巨大的污染,因此开发研究新型的更加环保的缓蚀剂是一项十分有意义的工作。棉籽汕是新疆具有特色优势的极其丰富的可再生天然资源,开发棉籽油咪唑啉低毒高效缓蚀剂是一项值得深入研究的课题。
本文以棉籽油为原料,合成了三个系列棉籽油咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂,通过失重法、电化学极化曲线法测试了所合成缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能。探讨了吸附热力参数、腐蚀动力学参数及分子结构等同缓蚀效率之间的关系,对缓蚀剂分子在金属表面的作用机制进行了理论分析,研究了缓蚀剂与表面活性剂的协同作用。主要研究内容和结果如下
1.以棉籽油和二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺为原料合成了三个系列的棉籽油咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂。利用红外光谱对合成的咪唑啉缓蚀剂的结构进行了农征,1610cm-1附近的咪唑啉环的吸收峰以及700cm-1附近苯环的吸收峰为目标化合物的特征峰。
2.利用失重法对上述化合物在15%HCl中对碳钢的缓蚀性能进行了测试,并对它们在金属表面的吸附行为进行了拟合。结果表明,所合成的缓蚀剂具有良好的缓蚀性能。随着缓蚀剂浓度的增大,上述缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率都升高,在所研究浓度范围内缓蚀效率均可达90%以上；温度的升高使缓蚀效率下降,腐蚀速度加快。缓蚀剂在碳钢表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附模型,所得缓蚀剂分子的吸附自由能都在20～40KJ/mol之间,说明缓蚀剂分子在碳钢表面的吸附是化学吸附和物理吸附共存的吸附方式,且属自发的放热过程。
3.利用电化学极化曲线法对碳钢电极在加有缓蚀剂的盐酸中的电化学行为进行了研究,探讨了缓蚀剂的作用机理。研究表明,上述化化合物皆能不同程度地抑制金属电极的阴阳极反应,表现为以抑制阳极为主的混合型缓蚀剂；阴阳极反应的腐蚀电流都减小,Tafel余率都不同程度地增大
4.考察了缓蚀剂与CTAB、PEG400、TW80的缓蚀协同效应。失重法和极化曲线法测试结果都表明：缓蚀剂与PEG400、TW80有良好缓蚀协同性能,可减少缓蚀剂的用量,节约缓蚀应用成本。
5.通过量子化学计算得到了五种模型分子的分子几何构型、前线分子轨道能量及轨道分布图、分子偶极矩、原子电荷、Fukui指数、化学势、化学软硬度以及亲电指数。分析了模型分子的活性位点以及缓蚀效率与上述理论参数的关系。结果表明,5种模型分子具有相似的反应活性位点,主要的活性位点是咪唑环上靠近外侧的N原子。其中,B2分子具有最强的亲电反应活性,说明具有最好的缓蚀性能,这与实验结果是一致的。这些结果为合理推断缓蚀剂分子的吸附位点、寻找理论参数与缓蚀率之间的关系、认识缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理提供了一定的理论参考和指导。
The process of oil well acidizing is a technology which has been widely used in most oil fields at home and abroad. However, high concentration of acid use can bring about serious corrosion. In order to diminish metal dissolution and acid consumption, corrosion inhibitors were widely used in this process. The developed inhibitors which fitting well with the practicality of the produce are very important. For this reason, there is a very important theoretical and practical meaning to test the property and explore the mechanism of the corrosion inhibitors. For improving economic performance and controlling of costs, the study of the synergistic effect of corrosion inhibitors has been a very hot subject in recent years.
Meanwhile, environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by corrosion inhibitor has been realized by industrial community and academic interests. It is of great significance to research organic inhibitors which are more friendly to the environment. Cotton-seed oil, a kind of natural and renewable resource. which is also extremely abundant in Xinjiang. Therefore, developing low toxicity and efficient cotton-seed oil inhibitor is a significant research project worthy of carrying out deeply study.
In this paper, three series of cotton-seed oil corrosion inhibitors were synthesized. The corrosion inhibition and their synergistic inhibition with the surfactants to the mild steel in15%HCl solution were investigated. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism of corrosion inhibitor was also proposed. The main contents and results of the present work are as follows.
1. Using cotton-seed oil and diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine as raw materials, three series cotton-seed oil imidazoline quaternary ammonium corrosion inhibitors were synthesized. The molecular structure of imidazoline corrosion inhibitors was carried out using the infrared spectrometry. Near the1610cm-1and700cm-1were ascribed to the characteristic absorption peak of imidazoline ring and the characteristic absorption peak of benzene ring, respectively. The results confirmed that the synthesized products are the target product.
2. The inhibiting effect of these compounds on the corrosion of mild steel in15%HCl solutions have been studied using weight loss measurement, and the adsorption behavior on the metal surface is simulated. The results show that the inhibition efficiency increases and the corrosion rate decreases with the increasing concentration of the inhibitors, and the inhibition efficiency can reach above90%. The increasing temperature decreaes the inhibition efficiency, and accelerates the corrosion rate. At the same time, the adsorption behavior of the inhibitors on the metal surface fits well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption free energy values locate in the range of20-40kJ/mol, which indicates that the adsorption of inhibitors includes the physisorption and chemsorption.
3. The electrochemical behavior of the mild steel electrode in the blank and containing the inhibitors is studied by electrochemical method. The polarization curves results indicate that the inhibitors suppress anodic processes mostly of electrode corrosion at different degree. and the inhibitors the mixed-type inhibitors; the Tafel slopes increase at different degree. Furthermore, the research finds that the increasing temperature decreases the inhibition efficiency.
4. This work investigates the corrosion inhibition of the inhibitors and their synergistic inhibition with PEG400.TW-80and CTAB.By weight loss method and Tafel polarization curves.lt found that PKG400,TW-80have a good synergistic effect with the inhibitors,the efficiency of imidazoline inhibitors improved great by combining with them. In this way we can reduce the dosage of corrosion inhibitors and control of costs.
5. This part provides quantum chemical studies on the reactive sites and the relationship between the inhibition efficiency and the theoretical parameters for the five models of imidazolines. The structures, the frontier molecular orbital energies and distributions, dipole moments, atom charges, and the reactive descriptors, like the Fukui function, chemical potentials, hardness and softness as well as electrophilicity have been calculated and discussed. It has been found that the main reactive site is the N atom near the outer side of the imidazole ring. Because B2showed the strongest electrophilic power, it is logic to have the highest inhibition efficiency. These results provide useful information and guidelines about the reactive sites suitable for bonding with metal surfaces, the relationship between the theoretical parameters and inhibition efficiency, as well as the corrosion inhibition mechanism.
本文以棉籽油为原料,合成了三个系列棉籽油咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂,通过失重法、电化学极化曲线法测试了所合成缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能。探讨了吸附热力参数、腐蚀动力学参数及分子结构等同缓蚀效率之间的关系,对缓蚀剂分子在金属表面的作用机制进行了理论分析,研究了缓蚀剂与表面活性剂的协同作用。主要研究内容和结果如下
1.以棉籽油和二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺为原料合成了三个系列的棉籽油咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂。利用红外光谱对合成的咪唑啉缓蚀剂的结构进行了农征,1610cm-1附近的咪唑啉环的吸收峰以及700cm-1附近苯环的吸收峰为目标化合物的特征峰。
2.利用失重法对上述化合物在15%HCl中对碳钢的缓蚀性能进行了测试,并对它们在金属表面的吸附行为进行了拟合。结果表明,所合成的缓蚀剂具有良好的缓蚀性能。随着缓蚀剂浓度的增大,上述缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率都升高,在所研究浓度范围内缓蚀效率均可达90%以上；温度的升高使缓蚀效率下降,腐蚀速度加快。缓蚀剂在碳钢表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附模型,所得缓蚀剂分子的吸附自由能都在20～40KJ/mol之间,说明缓蚀剂分子在碳钢表面的吸附是化学吸附和物理吸附共存的吸附方式,且属自发的放热过程。
3.利用电化学极化曲线法对碳钢电极在加有缓蚀剂的盐酸中的电化学行为进行了研究,探讨了缓蚀剂的作用机理。研究表明,上述化化合物皆能不同程度地抑制金属电极的阴阳极反应,表现为以抑制阳极为主的混合型缓蚀剂；阴阳极反应的腐蚀电流都减小,Tafel余率都不同程度地增大
4.考察了缓蚀剂与CTAB、PEG400、TW80的缓蚀协同效应。失重法和极化曲线法测试结果都表明：缓蚀剂与PEG400、TW80有良好缓蚀协同性能,可减少缓蚀剂的用量,节约缓蚀应用成本。
5.通过量子化学计算得到了五种模型分子的分子几何构型、前线分子轨道能量及轨道分布图、分子偶极矩、原子电荷、Fukui指数、化学势、化学软硬度以及亲电指数。分析了模型分子的活性位点以及缓蚀效率与上述理论参数的关系。结果表明,5种模型分子具有相似的反应活性位点,主要的活性位点是咪唑环上靠近外侧的N原子。其中,B2分子具有最强的亲电反应活性,说明具有最好的缓蚀性能,这与实验结果是一致的。这些结果为合理推断缓蚀剂分子的吸附位点、寻找理论参数与缓蚀率之间的关系、认识缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理提供了一定的理论参考和指导。
The process of oil well acidizing is a technology which has been widely used in most oil fields at home and abroad. However, high concentration of acid use can bring about serious corrosion. In order to diminish metal dissolution and acid consumption, corrosion inhibitors were widely used in this process. The developed inhibitors which fitting well with the practicality of the produce are very important. For this reason, there is a very important theoretical and practical meaning to test the property and explore the mechanism of the corrosion inhibitors. For improving economic performance and controlling of costs, the study of the synergistic effect of corrosion inhibitors has been a very hot subject in recent years.
Meanwhile, environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by corrosion inhibitor has been realized by industrial community and academic interests. It is of great significance to research organic inhibitors which are more friendly to the environment. Cotton-seed oil, a kind of natural and renewable resource. which is also extremely abundant in Xinjiang. Therefore, developing low toxicity and efficient cotton-seed oil inhibitor is a significant research project worthy of carrying out deeply study.
In this paper, three series of cotton-seed oil corrosion inhibitors were synthesized. The corrosion inhibition and their synergistic inhibition with the surfactants to the mild steel in15%HCl solution were investigated. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism of corrosion inhibitor was also proposed. The main contents and results of the present work are as follows.
1. Using cotton-seed oil and diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine as raw materials, three series cotton-seed oil imidazoline quaternary ammonium corrosion inhibitors were synthesized. The molecular structure of imidazoline corrosion inhibitors was carried out using the infrared spectrometry. Near the1610cm-1and700cm-1were ascribed to the characteristic absorption peak of imidazoline ring and the characteristic absorption peak of benzene ring, respectively. The results confirmed that the synthesized products are the target product.
2. The inhibiting effect of these compounds on the corrosion of mild steel in15%HCl solutions have been studied using weight loss measurement, and the adsorption behavior on the metal surface is simulated. The results show that the inhibition efficiency increases and the corrosion rate decreases with the increasing concentration of the inhibitors, and the inhibition efficiency can reach above90%. The increasing temperature decreaes the inhibition efficiency, and accelerates the corrosion rate. At the same time, the adsorption behavior of the inhibitors on the metal surface fits well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption free energy values locate in the range of20-40kJ/mol, which indicates that the adsorption of inhibitors includes the physisorption and chemsorption.
3. The electrochemical behavior of the mild steel electrode in the blank and containing the inhibitors is studied by electrochemical method. The polarization curves results indicate that the inhibitors suppress anodic processes mostly of electrode corrosion at different degree. and the inhibitors the mixed-type inhibitors; the Tafel slopes increase at different degree. Furthermore, the research finds that the increasing temperature decreases the inhibition efficiency.
4. This work investigates the corrosion inhibition of the inhibitors and their synergistic inhibition with PEG400.TW-80and CTAB.By weight loss method and Tafel polarization curves.lt found that PKG400,TW-80have a good synergistic effect with the inhibitors,the efficiency of imidazoline inhibitors improved great by combining with them. In this way we can reduce the dosage of corrosion inhibitors and control of costs.
5. This part provides quantum chemical studies on the reactive sites and the relationship between the inhibition efficiency and the theoretical parameters for the five models of imidazolines. The structures, the frontier molecular orbital energies and distributions, dipole moments, atom charges, and the reactive descriptors, like the Fukui function, chemical potentials, hardness and softness as well as electrophilicity have been calculated and discussed. It has been found that the main reactive site is the N atom near the outer side of the imidazole ring. Because B2showed the strongest electrophilic power, it is logic to have the highest inhibition efficiency. These results provide useful information and guidelines about the reactive sites suitable for bonding with metal surfaces, the relationship between the theoretical parameters and inhibition efficiency, as well as the corrosion inhibition mechanism.
引文
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