LFM脉冲雷达回波模拟和处理的研究
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摘要
现代雷达系统日益变得复杂,难以用简单直观的分析方法进行处理,因此,雷达系统模拟法日益获得推广。雷达系统模拟方法具有经济、灵活、方便等优点,在雷达研究领域和工程技术领域得到了广泛的应用。
本文基于线性调频脉冲雷达,对雷达回波模拟和处理进行了研究。本文主要工作分为三部分：雷达回波模拟、雷达信号处理和雷达数据处理。首先,介绍了雷达信号模拟的方法以及线性调频脉冲信号,并从目标回波信号的模拟、杂波信号的模拟以及噪声信号的模拟这三个方面讨论了雷达回波信号的模拟方法,同时给出了仿真结果。然后,进行了雷达信号处理的研究,其中包括测角、波束形成、脉冲压缩、动目标显示(MTI)处理、动目标检测(MTD)处理、恒虚警(CFAR)处理以及目标凝聚,通过雷达信号处理完成对目标的检测,提取目标的距离、方位角和俯仰角等信息。最后,着重分析了雷达数据处理方法,包括航迹起始、点迹航迹关联、航迹补点、航迹消亡、剩余点迹的删除以及航迹显示,并给出了仿真结果。本文完整地给出了线性调频脉冲雷达系统的模拟和处理过程,模拟的雷达回波信号,经过雷达信号处理以及雷达数据处理后,最终形成可靠航迹并显示。
Modern radar system becomes increasingly complex, it's difficult to process with simple and intuitive method, therefore, the method of radar system simulation gets increasingly popularized. The method of radar system simulation has many advantages, such as economic, flexible, convenient and so on. It has been widely used in the field of radar research and engineering technology.
This paper based on LFM pulse radar, does research on radar echo simulation and processing. This paper is divided into three main parts:radar echo simulation, radar signal processing and radar data processing. First, describes the methods of radar signal simulation and LFM pulse signal, then discusses the simulation of the radar echo signal, including the simulation of target echo signal, clutter signal and noise signal. Simultaneously, it gives the results of simulation. Then, it does research on radar signal processing, including measuring angle, beam forming, pulse compression, MTI, MTD, CFAR and target cohesion, completes detection of target by radar signal processing, and extracts the target's distance, azimuth, elevation and other information. Finally, this paper mainly analyzes the methods of radar data processing, including track initiation, point-track association, track supplement, track die out, deletion of remnant points and track display. Simultaneously, it gives the results of simulation. This paper completely gives the simulation and processing of LFM pulse radar system, the simulated radar echo signal, after the radar signal processing and radar data processing, eventually forms reliable tracks and displays them.
本文基于线性调频脉冲雷达,对雷达回波模拟和处理进行了研究。本文主要工作分为三部分：雷达回波模拟、雷达信号处理和雷达数据处理。首先,介绍了雷达信号模拟的方法以及线性调频脉冲信号,并从目标回波信号的模拟、杂波信号的模拟以及噪声信号的模拟这三个方面讨论了雷达回波信号的模拟方法,同时给出了仿真结果。然后,进行了雷达信号处理的研究,其中包括测角、波束形成、脉冲压缩、动目标显示(MTI)处理、动目标检测(MTD)处理、恒虚警(CFAR)处理以及目标凝聚,通过雷达信号处理完成对目标的检测,提取目标的距离、方位角和俯仰角等信息。最后,着重分析了雷达数据处理方法,包括航迹起始、点迹航迹关联、航迹补点、航迹消亡、剩余点迹的删除以及航迹显示,并给出了仿真结果。本文完整地给出了线性调频脉冲雷达系统的模拟和处理过程,模拟的雷达回波信号,经过雷达信号处理以及雷达数据处理后,最终形成可靠航迹并显示。
Modern radar system becomes increasingly complex, it's difficult to process with simple and intuitive method, therefore, the method of radar system simulation gets increasingly popularized. The method of radar system simulation has many advantages, such as economic, flexible, convenient and so on. It has been widely used in the field of radar research and engineering technology.
This paper based on LFM pulse radar, does research on radar echo simulation and processing. This paper is divided into three main parts:radar echo simulation, radar signal processing and radar data processing. First, describes the methods of radar signal simulation and LFM pulse signal, then discusses the simulation of the radar echo signal, including the simulation of target echo signal, clutter signal and noise signal. Simultaneously, it gives the results of simulation. Then, it does research on radar signal processing, including measuring angle, beam forming, pulse compression, MTI, MTD, CFAR and target cohesion, completes detection of target by radar signal processing, and extracts the target's distance, azimuth, elevation and other information. Finally, this paper mainly analyzes the methods of radar data processing, including track initiation, point-track association, track supplement, track die out, deletion of remnant points and track display. Simultaneously, it gives the results of simulation. This paper completely gives the simulation and processing of LFM pulse radar system, the simulated radar echo signal, after the radar signal processing and radar data processing, eventually forms reliable tracks and displays them.
引文
[1]R.L.米切尔.雷达系统模拟.北京：科学出版社,1982.
[2]王国玉.电子系统建模仿真与评估.长沙：国防科技大学出版社,1999.
[3]David K. Barton.雷达系统分析与建模.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[4]中航雷达与电子设备研究院.雷达系统.北京：国防工业出版社,2006.
[5]向敬成,张明友.雷达系统.北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
[6]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2006.
[7]张光义.相控阵雷达系统.北京：国防工业出版社,1994.
[8]蔡希尧.雷达系统概论.北京：科学出版社,1983.
[9]焦培南,张忠治.雷达环境与电波传播特性.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[10]景占荣,羊彦.信号检测与估计.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[11]王永良.空间谱估计理论与算法.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[12]A.费利那.雷达数据处理.北京：国防工业出版社,1988.
[13]孙仲康.雷达数据数字处理.北京：国防工业出版社,1983.
[14]徐振来.相控阵雷达数据处理.北京：国防工业出版社,2009.
[15]蔡庆宇.相控阵雷达数据处理及其仿真技术.北京：国防工业出版社,1997.
[16]何友.雷达数据处理及应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[17]吴顺君.雷达信号处理和数据处理技术.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[18]周宏仁.机动目标跟踪.北京：国防工业出版社,1991.
[19]付梦印,邓志红,张继伟.Kalman滤波理论及其在导航系统中的应用.北京：科学出版社,2003.
[20]T.R.Benedict, GW.Bordner. Synthesis of an Optimal Set of Radar Track-while-scan Smoothing Equations. IEEE Trans. On Automatic Control,1962:27-32.
[21]R.A.Singer. Estimating Optimal Tracking Filter Performance for Manned Maneuvering Targets. IEEE Trans. On AES,1970,6(4):473-483.
[22]J.B.Pearson, E.B.Stear. Kalman Filter Applications in Airborne Radar Tracking. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1972(10):319-329.
[23]N.Wax. Signal-to-Noise Improvement and the Statistics of Track Populations. Applied physics,1955,26(5):586-595.
[24]R.W.Sittler. An Optimal Data Association Problem in Surveillance Theory. IEEE Trans. Military Electronics,1964:125-139.
[25]R.G.Sea. An Efficient Suboptimal Decision Procedure for Associating Sensor Data with Stored Tracks in Real-Time Surveillance Systems. Proc.10th IEEE Conf. on Decision & Control, Miami Beach,1971:33-37.
[26]R.A.Singer, J.J.Stein. An Optimal Tracking Filter for Processing Sensor Data of Imprecisely Determined Origin in Surveillance Systems. Proc.10th IEEE Conf. on Decision & Control, Miami Beach,1971:171-175.
[27]T.E.Formann, Y.Bar-Shalom, M.Scheffe. Sonar Tracking of Multiple Targets Using Joint Probabilistic Data Association. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1983:173-183.
[28]D.B.Reid. An Algorithm for Tracking Multiple Targets. IEEE Trans. On Automatic Control,1979,24:843-854.
[29]Y.Bar-Shalom, K.Birmiwal. Variable Dimension Filter for Maneuvering Target Tracking. IEEE Trans. On AES,1982,18(5):611-619.
[30]T.Kirubarajan, Y.Bar-Shalom. IMM PAD for Radar Management and Tracking Benchmark with ECM. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics, 1998,1115-1132.
[31]贾鸿志.雷达信号分析.南京理工大学,2005.
[32]Duane Hanselman.精通Matlab 7.北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[33]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计.高等教育出版社,2001.
[34]张长隆.杂波建模与仿真技术及其在雷达信号模拟器中的应用研究.国防科学技术大学博士论文,2004.
[35]陈斯敏.雷达杂波的建模与仿真.四川大学硕士论文,2006.
[36]朱先正.雷达杂波研究及模拟.南京理工大学硕士论文,2006.
[37]胡艳辉.雷达回波信号的建模与仿真研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2007.
[38]程爱军.雷达回波信号模拟与仿真.南京理工大学硕士论文,2004.
[39]王立辉,申卯兴,赵海洲.Kalman滤波在雷达系统中的应用.弹箭与制导学报,2006.
[40]毛滔,李盾,王雪松.相控阵雷达数据处理仿真研究.航天电子对抗,2004(4)：8-12.
[41]刘高峰.多目标航迹处理中相关波门的确定.火力与指挥控制,20(2)：28-31.
[42]刘宇.雷达数据处理中的航迹相关.四川大学硕士论文,2003.
[43]王莹.雷达目标跟踪算法研究.南京理工大学硕士论文,2008.
[44]罗军辉,罗勇江,白义臣.MATLAB7.0在数字信号处理中的应用.北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[45]Mark A.Richards.雷达信号处理基础.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[2]王国玉.电子系统建模仿真与评估.长沙：国防科技大学出版社,1999.
[3]David K. Barton.雷达系统分析与建模.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[4]中航雷达与电子设备研究院.雷达系统.北京：国防工业出版社,2006.
[5]向敬成,张明友.雷达系统.北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
[6]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2006.
[7]张光义.相控阵雷达系统.北京：国防工业出版社,1994.
[8]蔡希尧.雷达系统概论.北京：科学出版社,1983.
[9]焦培南,张忠治.雷达环境与电波传播特性.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[10]景占荣,羊彦.信号检测与估计.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[11]王永良.空间谱估计理论与算法.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[12]A.费利那.雷达数据处理.北京：国防工业出版社,1988.
[13]孙仲康.雷达数据数字处理.北京：国防工业出版社,1983.
[14]徐振来.相控阵雷达数据处理.北京：国防工业出版社,2009.
[15]蔡庆宇.相控阵雷达数据处理及其仿真技术.北京：国防工业出版社,1997.
[16]何友.雷达数据处理及应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[17]吴顺君.雷达信号处理和数据处理技术.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[18]周宏仁.机动目标跟踪.北京：国防工业出版社,1991.
[19]付梦印,邓志红,张继伟.Kalman滤波理论及其在导航系统中的应用.北京：科学出版社,2003.
[20]T.R.Benedict, GW.Bordner. Synthesis of an Optimal Set of Radar Track-while-scan Smoothing Equations. IEEE Trans. On Automatic Control,1962:27-32.
[21]R.A.Singer. Estimating Optimal Tracking Filter Performance for Manned Maneuvering Targets. IEEE Trans. On AES,1970,6(4):473-483.
[22]J.B.Pearson, E.B.Stear. Kalman Filter Applications in Airborne Radar Tracking. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1972(10):319-329.
[23]N.Wax. Signal-to-Noise Improvement and the Statistics of Track Populations. Applied physics,1955,26(5):586-595.
[24]R.W.Sittler. An Optimal Data Association Problem in Surveillance Theory. IEEE Trans. Military Electronics,1964:125-139.
[25]R.G.Sea. An Efficient Suboptimal Decision Procedure for Associating Sensor Data with Stored Tracks in Real-Time Surveillance Systems. Proc.10th IEEE Conf. on Decision & Control, Miami Beach,1971:33-37.
[26]R.A.Singer, J.J.Stein. An Optimal Tracking Filter for Processing Sensor Data of Imprecisely Determined Origin in Surveillance Systems. Proc.10th IEEE Conf. on Decision & Control, Miami Beach,1971:171-175.
[27]T.E.Formann, Y.Bar-Shalom, M.Scheffe. Sonar Tracking of Multiple Targets Using Joint Probabilistic Data Association. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1983:173-183.
[28]D.B.Reid. An Algorithm for Tracking Multiple Targets. IEEE Trans. On Automatic Control,1979,24:843-854.
[29]Y.Bar-Shalom, K.Birmiwal. Variable Dimension Filter for Maneuvering Target Tracking. IEEE Trans. On AES,1982,18(5):611-619.
[30]T.Kirubarajan, Y.Bar-Shalom. IMM PAD for Radar Management and Tracking Benchmark with ECM. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics, 1998,1115-1132.
[31]贾鸿志.雷达信号分析.南京理工大学,2005.
[32]Duane Hanselman.精通Matlab 7.北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[33]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计.高等教育出版社,2001.
[34]张长隆.杂波建模与仿真技术及其在雷达信号模拟器中的应用研究.国防科学技术大学博士论文,2004.
[35]陈斯敏.雷达杂波的建模与仿真.四川大学硕士论文,2006.
[36]朱先正.雷达杂波研究及模拟.南京理工大学硕士论文,2006.
[37]胡艳辉.雷达回波信号的建模与仿真研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2007.
[38]程爱军.雷达回波信号模拟与仿真.南京理工大学硕士论文,2004.
[39]王立辉,申卯兴,赵海洲.Kalman滤波在雷达系统中的应用.弹箭与制导学报,2006.
[40]毛滔,李盾,王雪松.相控阵雷达数据处理仿真研究.航天电子对抗,2004(4)：8-12.
[41]刘高峰.多目标航迹处理中相关波门的确定.火力与指挥控制,20(2)：28-31.
[42]刘宇.雷达数据处理中的航迹相关.四川大学硕士论文,2003.
[43]王莹.雷达目标跟踪算法研究.南京理工大学硕士论文,2008.
[44]罗军辉,罗勇江,白义臣.MATLAB7.0在数字信号处理中的应用.北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[45]Mark A.Richards.雷达信号处理基础.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.