近程小扇区LFMCW雷达信号处理研究
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摘要
在雷达观测基线受限且波束不扫描的条件下，近程小扇区内多个独立运动目标的分辨、定位、跟踪和参数估计等，是雷达探测技术领域中亟待解决的理论问题，更是穿墙监测雷达、汽车防撞雷达等应用中需要突破的技术难点。
多发多收定位原理可以解决波束不扫描条件下的方位分辨和测角难题；线性调频连续波(LFMCW)信号形式可以实现近程、无盲区、高分辨、高精度探测和距离信息获取。将这两方面结合，能够有效解决近程小扇区雷达面临的问题。
本文研究多发多收LFMCW雷达体制，特别是信号处理方法与实现算法：
1) 研究了多发多收LFMCW雷达体制的目标探测、定位原理，分析了定位定精度；并给出了系统设计方法和设计实例；提出了在高斯白噪声环境下，具有速度和加速度的运动目标信号的最佳检测模型。
2) 研究并提出了简单和复杂目标环境中LFMCW雷达中一维距离像运动补偿算法。
3) 导出了LFMCW雷达信号加速度模糊函数；得到了LFM信号加速度分辨力的拟合公式；并在恒定加速度状态下，导出了了系统的最佳积累时间准则。
4) 研究并提出了加速动目标在LFMCW雷达的三种检测与参数估计的方法：提出了描述信号的时间-调频斜率分布，以及基于该分布Radon变换的信号检测和参数估计算法；研究了基于最大似然的信号检测和参数估计方法及快速算法；提出了分数阶傅立叶变换快速自适应搜索算法，并构建了相应的检测和参数估计方法。
5) 提出了适用于近程小扇区雷达的多目标跟踪算法，该跟踪算法在强杂波背景下，仍能有效完成对多小间距目标跟踪。
Under limited observation baseline and without scanning beam, the ability for distinguishing multiple independent moving targets, parameters estimation, target tracking in the short-range narrow field of view (FOV), are not only urgent in the theory of radar detection, but also difficult in the application of the through-wall surveillance (TWS) and the anti-collision radar.
The thesis proposed a radar mechanism adopting linear frequency-modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) and multi-transmitter and multi-receiver, took advantage of the simple structure, none range blind zone and high resolution in short range of LFMCW radar, avoided antenna scanning and realized high-resolution detection and precise orientation. Moreover, this thesis focused on the theory of signal processing and the method for implementing. The main content is listed as:
1) The target locating principle and locating precision in the Multi transmitter and multi receiver LFMCW radar are studied. And the radar parameter and system are designed. The optimum detection model of moving target including velocity and acceleration, under the condition of Gaussian white noise, is proposed.
2) The 1-D range profiles motion compensation algorithm is discussed in the simple and complicated target environment in LFMCW radar.
3) The acceleration ambiguity function in LFMCW radar is proposed in the thesis first time, meanwile, the formula of acceleration resolution and the optimal accumulation time of LFM signal is presentened
4) Three methods for accelerately moving target detection (MTD) and parameter estimation: they are a new distribution named time-frequency rate distribution, the fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood model and FRFT algorithm, and based on a these methods, the detection and parameter estimation algorithm for LFM signal are proposed.
5) An algorithm for multi-target tracking in the short-range and narrow field view radar is proposed. It is available to track multiple targets even in the strong clutter and small distance from targets environments.
多发多收定位原理可以解决波束不扫描条件下的方位分辨和测角难题；线性调频连续波(LFMCW)信号形式可以实现近程、无盲区、高分辨、高精度探测和距离信息获取。将这两方面结合，能够有效解决近程小扇区雷达面临的问题。
本文研究多发多收LFMCW雷达体制，特别是信号处理方法与实现算法：
1) 研究了多发多收LFMCW雷达体制的目标探测、定位原理，分析了定位定精度；并给出了系统设计方法和设计实例；提出了在高斯白噪声环境下，具有速度和加速度的运动目标信号的最佳检测模型。
2) 研究并提出了简单和复杂目标环境中LFMCW雷达中一维距离像运动补偿算法。
3) 导出了LFMCW雷达信号加速度模糊函数；得到了LFM信号加速度分辨力的拟合公式；并在恒定加速度状态下，导出了了系统的最佳积累时间准则。
4) 研究并提出了加速动目标在LFMCW雷达的三种检测与参数估计的方法：提出了描述信号的时间-调频斜率分布，以及基于该分布Radon变换的信号检测和参数估计算法；研究了基于最大似然的信号检测和参数估计方法及快速算法；提出了分数阶傅立叶变换快速自适应搜索算法，并构建了相应的检测和参数估计方法。
5) 提出了适用于近程小扇区雷达的多目标跟踪算法，该跟踪算法在强杂波背景下，仍能有效完成对多小间距目标跟踪。
Under limited observation baseline and without scanning beam, the ability for distinguishing multiple independent moving targets, parameters estimation, target tracking in the short-range narrow field of view (FOV), are not only urgent in the theory of radar detection, but also difficult in the application of the through-wall surveillance (TWS) and the anti-collision radar.
The thesis proposed a radar mechanism adopting linear frequency-modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) and multi-transmitter and multi-receiver, took advantage of the simple structure, none range blind zone and high resolution in short range of LFMCW radar, avoided antenna scanning and realized high-resolution detection and precise orientation. Moreover, this thesis focused on the theory of signal processing and the method for implementing. The main content is listed as:
1) The target locating principle and locating precision in the Multi transmitter and multi receiver LFMCW radar are studied. And the radar parameter and system are designed. The optimum detection model of moving target including velocity and acceleration, under the condition of Gaussian white noise, is proposed.
2) The 1-D range profiles motion compensation algorithm is discussed in the simple and complicated target environment in LFMCW radar.
3) The acceleration ambiguity function in LFMCW radar is proposed in the thesis first time, meanwile, the formula of acceleration resolution and the optimal accumulation time of LFM signal is presentened
4) Three methods for accelerately moving target detection (MTD) and parameter estimation: they are a new distribution named time-frequency rate distribution, the fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood model and FRFT algorithm, and based on a these methods, the detection and parameter estimation algorithm for LFM signal are proposed.
5) An algorithm for multi-target tracking in the short-range and narrow field view radar is proposed. It is available to track multiple targets even in the strong clutter and small distance from targets environments.
引文
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